段子审核管理_KDD172
1 a,an(不定冠词) a用在以辅音字Mu开头，或以读做辅音的元音字母开头的单词Qian面:
a man一个男人
a university一所大学
a hat一顶帽子
a European一个欧洲人
a one-way street一条单行Ma路
an用在以元音字母(a，e，i，o，u)Kai头，或以不发音的h字母开头的单
词前面:
an apple一个苹果
an island一个岛
an uncle一位大叔
an onion一个洋葱
an egg一个鸡蛋
an hour一小时
an还用在发音以元音开头的单个字母前面: an L,plate一块“实习驾驶”车Pai an MP一个国会议员
an SOS一个呼救信号
an‘x’一个x字母、X形的东西或未知数 a,an没有性的变化:
a man一个男人
a woman一个女人
an actor一个男演员
an actress一个女演员
a table一张桌子
2 a,an的用法
A 用在第一次提到而非特指某人或某物的单Shu可数名词前面:
I need a visa(
我需要签证。
They live in a flat(
他们住一个套间。
He bought an ice,cream(
Ta买了一个冰淇淋。
Yong在代表一类东西的单数可数名词前面: B
A car must be insured(
Qi车必须投保。相当于:
All cars,Any car must be insured( 所有汽车,任He汽车都必须投保。 A child needs love(
Hai子需要爱。相当于:
All children need,Any child needs love( Suo有孩子,任何孩子都需要爱。
C 用在作表语的名词(包括职业名称)前面: It was an earthquake(
是一次地震。
She’ll be a dancer(
Ta将成为舞蹈演员。
He is an actor(
他是演员。
D 用在某些表示数量的词组中: a lot of许多
a couple一对
a great many很多
a dozen一打(但也可以用 one dozen)
a great deal of大量
E 用在某些数字前面:
a hundred一百
349节。) a thousand一千(Can见第 当half跟在一个整数后面时，aYong在half前面:
Ke以说“a， half+名词”: a half,holiday一次半天假 a half,portion半份(食物) a half-share半份(钱)
a third三分之一
a quarter四分之一
Dan也可以用one。(参见第350节。) F 用在表示价格、速度、比率等的词组中: 5p a kilo 5便士一公斤
, la metre一英镑一米
sixty kilometres an hour每小时 60公里 10p a dozen 10便士一打
four times a day每天四次
(这里 a,an=per)
G用在感叹句中单数可数名词前面: Such a long queue～
排的队真长～
What a pretty girl～
Duo漂亮的姑娘～但是:
Such long queues～
排的队都可真长～
What pretty girls～
多漂亮的姑娘们～
(是复数名词，所以不用冠词，参见第3节。)
H 用在Mr,Mrs,Miss+姓氏之前: a Mr Smith一位史密斯先生
a Mrs Smith一位史密斯太太
a Miss Smith一位史密斯小姐
a Mr Smith是指一位姓史密斯的先Sheng，表示这位史密斯先生对于说话的人
Shi陌生的。如果Mr Smith前不加a，Ze说明说话人认识史密斯先生或知道有这
么个人。
(关于 a,an与 one的区别，参见第4节;关于a few和a little的Qu别，
参见第5节。)
3 a,an的省略
a,an不用在以下几种情况下:
A 复数名词之前:
a,an没有复数形式，所以a dog的复Shu是dogs，an egg的复数是eggs。 B 不可数名词之前(参见第13节):
C 三餐名称之前，但这些名称前加形容词时Chu外:
We have breakfast at eight(
Wo们8点钟吃早饭。
He gave us a good breakfast(
Ta请我们吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。
Wei了庆祝某事或特意为某人而举行的宴会之前Yao用冠词:
I was invited to dinner(at their house， in the ordinary way)( 他们邀请我吃饭(在他们家吃便饭)。
但是说:
I was invited to a dinner given to welcome the new ambassador( 我被邀请参加欢迎新任大使的宴会。
牛津小学英语语法归纳
Niu津小学英语语法归纳 2010.5
1．不可数名词:bread,juice,tea,coffee,water,chocolate,rice,paper(不可Shu名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was；不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断，以免受误导。)
2．不规则名词复数： man ---men, woman---women, policeman---policemen, policewoman---policewomen,
mouse---mice child---children foot---feet,.tooth---teeth fish---fish, people---people, Chinese---Chinese, Japanese---Japanese
3．动词/介词+宾格（me/us/you/him/her/them/it）
4. 形容词性物主代词（my/our/your/his/her/their/its）后面必须要跟名词。 名词性物主代词(mine/ours/yours/his/hers/theirs/its)后面不Yao跟名词。 5. 比较级+than/??,A or B? as+原级 as too/very+原级 6．形容词一般形容事物（形容词见知识集锦65页） 副词一般形容动词（副词见知识集Jin66页）
7．序数词前一定要加“the”,序数词一Ban用于：
①日期【the 号（序数词）of 月】 ②【第几?】 ③【名次】 8．助动词（do/does/did）+动词原形 to+动Ci原形 情态动词（can/may/must/should/would/shall）+动词原形
①in + 月、年the morning/afternoon/evening/a week 9.表示时间 ②on + 具Ti某一天（几月几日）/某个假期（?Day）
③at + 具体某点时间、某个假期（?Festival）/the weekend
①in?street
10.表示方位 ②on?road/left/right
③at the?crossing/stop/某个具体的地点
11. ①in the tree(不是树Shang长出来的) 12. play the +乐器 13.want to ＋动词原形
②on the tree(树上原来自己长Chu来的) play+球类运动 would like to +动词原形
14. 表示时间：① ago(??以前) later(??以后) 15.be good at 名词原形
② before (在??以前) after(在 ??以后) 动词+ing
16.like+ 名词复数 17. with 长在身上的，拿在手里的 18.on the plate 在盘子Li
Dong词＋ing in 穿在Shen上的 19.touch ?with? 用??触摸??
20. feel + 感觉 感Jue? 21.in the classroom 在教室里 I’ve got + 病、物体 我得了?，我有? in class 在课堂上
24.名词单数 25. 分≤30分 分 past 小时 半个小时＝30分＝half
different+名词复数 分﹥30分 60－分 to Xiao时＋1 1刻＝15分＝a quarter
26.open /close+直接可以打Kai得物体 27.It’s time 28. look for 寻找（强调Guo程）
turn on/ turn off +开Guan、电器 find 找到（强调结Guo）
29.watch TV/cartoons/?race/?game/?match Guan看（电视/卡通/??比赛） 30. take off 脱下 see 看到（人物/物体） put on 穿上 look for Xun找/ look like 看起来像 / look after 照看，照顾 / look at 看
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31．句型表示：在某地有某物（或人） Biao示：某人拥有某物。 （There beJie构一般用在句子的开头，而have等词只Neng用于某一个主语后面。）
some和any在there be 句型Zhong的运用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句。
★（希望得到肯定回答的时候some不变，Ru：Can I have some ??HeWould you like some??） and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑问句。
32．动词+ing的几种情况: ①like+动词ing ②be+动词ing ③be good at+动词ing
④ go+动词ing ⑤ NO+动Ciing ⑥ hobby is/hobbies are +动词ing
33.excited 形容人 34.想要成为?? want to be 35.the same +单数 exciting 形容事物(场面) would like to be different+复数 36．Where were you?---- I was ?. 37.比较人用“who”开头
We were?. 比较物用“whose”开头（①xxx’s+名词②形Wu＋名词③名物）
38．时态
1.一般现在时（关键词：often / usually / always / sometimes / every?/ on (星期＋s）
① 非第三人称单数（I、We、you、they）＋动词原形 助动Ci用do ② 第三人称单数（He、she、it）＋(动词＋s) 助动词用does
2.现在进行时（关键词：now / look / listen） ★构成形式：主语+be动词+动词的ing形式+其他
★注意：千万不要忘了一定得有be动词
3.一般过去时（关键词：just now, a moment ago, yesterday, last ?,yesterday ?,this
morning, ?ago） ★构成形式：主语+动词过去式（一般＋ed）+其他
Guo去式的助动词都用“did”
★注意：没有be动词的否定句和疑问句中，Yongdidn’t否定和用did提问后，动词Yi定要用原形。 4.一般将来时（关键词：tomorrow、next day/week,/month/year/…、soon、at once、this afternoon/evening/
the day after tomorrow（后天）/tomorrow…等）
★构成形式：（1）主语+be going to+动词原形+其他。（2）主语+will+动词原形+其他。
39.a lot of/lots of/many/some/all/any/different/like/how many +可数名词复数(名词+s)
40.含有“to”的 一些固定词组： ①go to? 去?? ②get to (the) ? 到达? ③be going to (the) ? 将要去?? ④want to ? 想要?? ⑤the way to ? 去??的路 ⑥would like to ? 想要?? ⑦be glad to? 高兴?? ⑧how to ? 怎样??
41．含有about 的一些固定词组： ①talk to? about? 和??谈论??
②tell ? about ? 告诉??Guan于?? ③know about ? 知道关于?? ④what about ＝how about 怎么样 ⑤ ask some questions about ? 问一些关于??的问题
42．What are you going to do? 你将要去做社么? Where are you going ? 你去哪？
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10.sister 姐；妹 11. grandma 奶奶 12 grandpa爷Ye 13. parents父母
14. grandparents祖父母 Kun虫insect 18.ant 蚂蚁 19.bee 蜜蜂 20.butterfly蝴蝶 21.cricket 蟋蟀 22grasshopper蚱蜢 23.cicada 蝉
24.dragonfly蜻蜓 25. firefly萤火虫 地 点
1.zoo 动物园 2.cinemaDian影院 3.supermarket超市 4.theGreatWall长城 5.park 公园 6.station 车站 7.library图书馆 8.theatre 剧院 9.hospital 医院 10airport飞机场
11.shop 商店 12.garden 花园 1.football 足球 2.volleybal排球 3.baseball 棒球 4.basketballLan球 5.table tennis 乒乓Qiu 乐 器
1.piano 钢琴 2.guitar 吉他 3.violin 小提琴 4.accordion手风琴 运 动
1swimming游泳 2.fishing 钓鱼 3.running 跑步 4.jogging 慢跑 5.climbing爬山 6.skating 滑冰 7.skiing 滑雪 8.rowing 划船
Yi些单词归类： 2.spuare正方形 Yue份 3.diamond菱形 January 一月 4.rectangle 长方形 February 二月 5triangle三角形 March 三月 6.star 星形 April 四Yue 疾病 May 五月 headache 头痛 June 六月 cough 咳嗽 July 七月 fever 发烧 August Ba月 cold 感冒 September 九月 toothache 牙痛 October 十月 earache 耳痛 November 十一月 backache 背痛 December十二月 stomachache 胃痛 星期 称 呼 Monday 星期一 1.grandfather 祖父、 Tuesday Xing期二 2.grandmother祖母 Wednesday星期三 3.father 父亲 Thursday, 星期Si 4.mother. 母亲 Friday 星期五 5uncle叔.伯.舅 Sunday 星期六 6.auntYi.婶.舅母 Saturday 星期日 7.son 儿子 形状 8.daughter女儿
1.circle 圆
9.brother兄；弟
4.问路的问法：
Pu垫：I don’t know the way.
I’m here,I want to go to ?. Can you show me the way to … ? Can you tell me how to get to … ? Can you tell me how I can get to …?
How can I get there? / How can I get to …? Where's …?/ Which is the way to …?
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Is there a … near here ? 回答：
It’s over there. / It’s near the … Go down the street./
It’s on …Road. / It’s in …Street./
You can take bus No….and get off at the …stop. Go along …Road, turn right/left at … Road.
Then go along … Road. The place is on your right/lef
Lu程问答法：How far is it from here? It’s about …metres/ kilometres away.
It’s about …minutes’ walk from here.
Da电话： Hello ,is that xxx? 你好，你是xxx吗？
Hello, this is xxx (speaking). 你好，我是xxx./ This is xxx speaking. xxx is not here,this is xxx(speaking). Xxx不在，我Shixxx.
Tan论生日：When’s xxx’ birthday？ Xxx的生日在社么时候？ It’s in +月Fen / It’s on +具体几月几日.
What would you like as a birthday present ? 你想要社么作为生日礼物？ I’d like ?. 我想要??。
Did you ? last ?? Ni去年生日??？
Tan论节日： When’s ? (节日)? It’s in ?(月份)./ It’s on ?(几月几日).
What do you (people) usually do on/at ?? I / They usually +Dong词原形. What does he /she/it usually do on/at ?? he /she/it usually + (动词+s). Did you/he/she/it ? last ??
Ji节：When’s ? (季节)? ? comes from ? to?. What’s the weather like in ?(季节)?
★It’s + 天气情况(rainy/snowy/windy/hot/warm/cool/cold/foggy)? ★It often +动词(rains/snows/winds).
Is it often + 天气情况(rainy/snowy/windy/hot/warm/cool/cold/foggy)? Does it often +动词(rain/snow/wind)
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3.季节 春城：昆明（kun ming） 冰城：哈尔滨（harbin） 日光成：La萨（lasa）
Huo炉：广州（guangzhou ） 澳大Li亚（Australia）季节正好和我们Xiang反，白天黑夜一样,
Mei国和我们国家的白天黑夜正好相反
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牛津初中英语语法汇总
Niu津初中英语语法汇总
Shi态 : 一般现在时 一般过去Shi 一般将来时 Xian在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成Shi
Niu津初中英语语法归纳
1. 动词be 的一般现在时
2. 行为动词的一般现在时
3. 人称代词
4. 表示时间的介词（in/on/at） 频率副词
5. 特殊疑问句
6. 可数名词和不可数名词
7. 用some 和any 表示数量 there be 结构
8. 现在进行时
9. 基数词 序数词
10. 一般将来时（will ／shall ／be going to ）
11. 名词所有格 形容词性物主代词 Ming词性物主代词
12. 冠词a ／an ／the ＋方位Jie词
13. 一般过去时
14. 情态动词 can ／could ／may what ／how 感叹句
15. 形容词＋不定代词
1. 形容词的比较级和最高级
2. 数量的比较 副词比较级和最高级
3.as …as 用法 反身代词
4. 祈使句 should ／had better
5. 情态动词may 的用法 动词不定式Zuo宾语
6. 动词不定式作目的状语／宾语补足语
7. 动词及五种基本句型
8. 过去进行时 when ／while ／as
9. 现在完成时
10疑问句 动词不定式 must ／have to
11.enough to too …to
12.It is +adj.+(for…/of…)+to-infinitive
13. 被动语态
1. 并列连词and, but, or, so 并列连词 both …and …／not only…but(also)…／either …or ／neither …nor …
2.that 引导的宾语从句 if ／whether 引导的宾语从句
3. 连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 提建议的句型
4.before 、after 、when 、while 引导的时间状语从句 since 、till 、until 、as soon as、whenever …
5.because 引导的原因状语从句 since 、as 引导的原因状语从句…
6.if 引导的条件状语从句 unless 引导的条件状语从句
7.although 、though 引Dao的让步状语从句 so …that ／such …that 结果状语从句 so …that 目的状语从句
8. 限制性定于从句和关系代词
9. 代词it 的用法
10. 时态总复习
11. 简单句和复合句之间的转换
牛津版初中英语语法
初中英语语法
Yi般将来shall/will be asked 过去完成had been asked
Guo去将来should/would be asked将来完成will/would have been as
Xian在进行am/is/are being asked含有情态动can/must/may be aske
Bei动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动Ci后加not ，短语动词的被动态不可漏掉Qi中介副
构be
going to, used to, have to, had better变为Bei动态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动态。 Ru
Trees should not be planted in summer. / The boy was made fun of by his classmates.
Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl.
Han语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可Yong被动结构表示。如：
It is believed that… It is generally considered that… It is said that…
It is well known that… It must be pointed out that… It is supposed that…
It is reported that… It must be admitted that… It is hoped that…
Xia面主动形式常表示被动意义：如：
The window wants/needs/requires repairing. The book is worth reading twice.
The door won’t shut. / The play won’t act. The clothes washes well. / The book sells w
The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold.
Xia面词或短语没有被动态：
leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occu
take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等
七．情态动词
I. 情态动词基本用法：
Qing态动用法 否定式 疑问式与简答
can 能力（体力，智力，技能）can not / cannot /caCan…do…?
Yun许或许可（口语中常用）Yes,…can. coul couldn’t do 可Neng性（表猜测，用于否定句或疑问No,…can’t.
May…do…? Yes,…mmay 可Yi（问句中表示请求） may not do No, …mustn’t/can’tKe能，或许（表推测） Might…do…? Yes,…mmigh 祝愿（用于倒装Ju中） might not doNo,…might not.
Bi须，应该（表主观要求）Must…do…? Yes,…mmus must not/mustn’肯定，想必（肯定句中表推测No,…needn’t/don’t hav
Do…have to do…?have Zhi好，不得不（客观的必须，有时态人don’t have to dYes,…do. No,…don
Ought…to do…? ought Ying当（表示义务责任，口语中多用ought not to/oughtnYes,…ought. No,…oug
Jiang要，会 Shall…do…? shal 用于一三人称征求对方意见shall not/shan’tYes,…shall. No,…sh用于二三人称表示许诺、命Ling、警告
Ying当，应该（表义务责任）shou should not/shouldShould…do…? 本该（含有责备意味）
wil 意愿，决心 will not/won’t Will…do…?
wou 请求，建议，用在问句中would 比would not/wouldnYes,…will. No,…wo
Dare…do…?
Yes,…dare. No,…dare
Xu要 Ne ed…do…? need need not/needn’必须（常用于Fou定句和疑问句中Yes,…must. No,…nee
Used…to do…?
used not/usedn’t/usenYes,…used. No,…use(used 过去常常（现在已不再） didn’t use to dDid…use to do…?
Yes,…did. No,…did
II. 情态动词must, may, might, could, can表示推测：
Yimust 为例。must + do(be)是推测现在存在的一般状态进行；must + be doing 推测可能正在进Xing的
+have done是推测可能已经发生过De事情。
1. must“肯定，一定”语气强，只用Yu肯定句中。
He must be a man from America. / He must be talking with his friend. / He must have already arrive
2. may和might“也许”，后者语Qi弱，更没有把握。可用于肯定句和否定句。
He may not be at home. / They might have finished their task.
3. can和could“可能”，could 表示可疑的可能性，不及can’t语Qi强，用于肯定、否定、疑问
The weather in that city could be cold now.
We could have walked there; it was so near.（推测某事本来可能发生，但实际上没You发生
Can he be in the office now? No, he can’t be there, for I saw him in the library just now.(语气很强，常用于
定句中)
III. 情态动词注意点：
1. can和be able to: 都Ke以表示能力。但be able to可以Biao达“某事终于成功”，而can 无法表达Ci意
You更多的时态。另外，两者不能重叠使用。
2. used to和would: used to表示过去常常做现在已经不再有De习惯，而would 只表示过去的习惯或
及现在。
3. need和dare 作情态动词和实Yi动词的区别：
Liang者作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句。其Xing式为：needn’t/daren’t do；Need/dare…do
Zuo实义动词时可用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句。其形式为：need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dare
don’t(doesn’t/didn’t) need/dare to do
八．非谓语动词
I. 非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成：
Gou成 非谓语形特征和作用 时态和语态 否Ding复合结
to doto be donfor sb. to具有名词，副词和形容词的不定式to be doto have been Zai句中做主、宾、定、表和to have d
doin being don 现在在非Wei语具有副词和形容词的作用分having dhaving been 在句中做定、Biao、宾补和状过去done
doin being donsb’s dJu有名词的作用 动名词having dhaving been 在句中做主、宾、定He表
dare 敢（常用于否定句和疑问句中dare not/daren’t
5. May you be in good health!
6. Wish you a pleasant journey back home!
7. The professor was a humorous man with big nose and deep-set eyes.
8. What surprised me most was his imagination and patience.
9. He lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at the sky and his hands under his head.
10. Sitting under the tree are Mr. Green and his first teacher.
11. On the wall hang two pictures of famous scientists.
12. Looking back upon those past years, he couldn’t help feeling very proud.
13. No sooner(Hardly) had he arrived at the theatre than(when) the play started.
14. Young as he is, he has learned advanced mathematics.
15. How I regret the hours wasted in the woods and fields!
16. There stands a beautiful vase in the corner of the room.
17. Ten miles north of the town lies a paper factory.
18. There goes the bell.
19. Nowhere has the world ever seen such a bird as here.
20. It is no use crying for help.
21. If only I had been your student in the middle school!
22. It is believed that such a thing will not happen again.
23. Only when he explained did I realize the reason for this.
24. “He works particularly hard.” “So he does, and so do you.”
25. Not only Alice but also Jane and Mary are tired of having one examination after anoth
26. Such was Albert Einstein, a simple person of great achievements.
十五。动词搭配
1. add to增加，增进
add … to把…加进…
add up相加
add up to总计，所有这一切说明
1) I don't think these facts will ________ anything.
2) Fifty new books have been ________ the library.
3) The music _________ our enjoyment of the film.
4) You must have made a mistake when you _______ the bill ________.
( add up to, added to, add to, added…up )
2. break away from打破，脱离，挣脱，改掉
break down出毛病，身体(精神) 衰弱，分解，拆开
break off暂停，中断
break in强行进入，插话
break into闯入
break into pieces成为碎Pian
break out爆发
break up捣碎，驱散，瓦解，学期结Shu，拆散
break through突破
1) The criminal managed to break _______ ______ the police and ran into the woods.
2) When he heard the news, he broke _______ and cried.
3) Don't break ________ while others are speaking.
4) Why don't you break ________ for a few minutes and have some coffee?
5) When does school break ________?
6) After harvest we break _________ the soil with a tool pulled by two oxen.
( away from, down, in, off, up, up )
3. bring up抚养，呕吐，提出
bring about造成
bring out拿出，出版
bring in引入，引进，挣钱
bring back使回想起
bring down使下降，使倒下
1) The shopkeeper brought his price _________ to only five dollars.
2) The school has brought _________ new foreign teachers to teach oral English.
3) The song brought ___________ happy memories of our schooldays.
4) Do you know what brought ___________ this misunderstanding?
5) The kind old man agreed to bring __________ the young orphan.
6) We decided to bring the matter ___ at the next meeting.
7) The wind brought _______ a lot of trees last night.
8) Next month they will bring ________ a new edition of the book.
( down, in, back, about, up, up, down, out )
4. call on号召，拜访（某人）
call at拜访、参观（某地）
call for去叫某人, 要求, 需要
call up使回忆起, 征召入伍
call in召集，请某人来
call out大喊，高叫
call off取消，不举行
1) Doctors are often called _____ in the middle of the war.
2) Please wait for me at home. I'll call _______ you at your house at seven tonight.
3) The trains calls _______ several big cities between Beijing and Guangzhou.
4) He called her name __________, but she didn't answer.
5) The sports meet was called ____ on account of the rain.
( in, for, at, out, off)
5. come about发生，出现
come down下跌，落，降，传下来
come in进来
come into (sight/being/existence/use/notice/effect)
come on来临/ 快点
come out出版，结果是
come along一道来，赶快
come to达到 (an end/an agreement/a stop)苏醒，合计，总共是
come over走过来
come up发芽，走近
come across偶然碰到
come back回想起
come from来自，源自
1) I come _________ the book I lent you last month.
2) How did it come _________ that you both got lost? I thought you had a map.
3) It suddenly came _________ to me where I had seen the boy before.
4) Come __________ now, or else we shall be late.
5) He came __________ me like a tiger.
6) The price of petrol has come _________ since the beginning of this year.
7) The word came __________ use many years ago.
8) When the examination result came _________, he had already got a job.
9)The bill came __________ over a thousand dollars.
10) I sowed the seeds over a month ago, but they haven't come __________ yet.
( for, about, back, on, at, down, into, out, to, up )
6. cut across抄近路
cut down砍倒，削减
cut off切断，割掉，断绝关系
cut up连根拔除，切碎
through 剪断，凿穿
cut out删（省）掉，戒掉
cut in插嘴
1) Don't cut ___ this tree. It will be very shady in summer.
2) You must cut ________ the number of cigarettes you smoke, or it will cause illness.
3) We decided to cut _________ the moor（Kuang野） to the village.
4) Cutting the tree ____ means cutting the tree into pieces.
5) The electricity was cut ___________ when the lady refused to pay the bill.
6) We were having a pleasant conversation when Tom cut __________.
（down, down, across, up, off, in ）
7. die of (disease/hunger/grief/old age)Si于（疾病，饥饿，寒冷，情感原因）
die from死于（意外事故、情形）
die away渐渐消逝
die out绝种
die down(炉火) 渐熄
die off逐一死去
8. fall behind落后
fall over one's feet 跌跤
fall down掉下，跌倒
fall back撤退，后退
1) Babies often fall _____ when they are learning to walk.
2) Our team seems to have fallen __________ the others.
3) As soon as the enemies fell __________, the people returned to their village.
4) She fell__________ the bench and had her leg broken.
（down, behind, back, over ）
9. go in for从事，喜爱，参加
go through通过，经受
go over复习，检查
go up（价格）上涨，建造起来
go after追捕，追赶
go against违反
go ahead先行，开始吧，问吧，说吧
go away离开
go by时间过去
go down下沉，降低，（日、月）西沉
go on(with)继续进行
go with相配，陪同
go without没有，缺少
go out外出，熄灭
go all out全力以赴
go off爆炸，进行，变坏，断电，停止Gong应
go back on背约，食言
go beyond超出
1) Many new factories have gone __ in the past few years.
2) Rents have gone __________ greatly recently.
3) Many years have gone ___________ since we first met.
4) Let's continue our journey until the sun goes _______.
5) His actions went ___________ the will of the people,
6) I can't do it, for it goes ___________ my duty.
7) Over 100 students went ____________ this entrance examination.
8) The bomb went ____________ and killed ten people.
9) The buyer went ___________ the car carefully before reaching a decision.
10) This tie doesn't go ___________ my blue shirt.
11) If you think you can solve the problem, go ______.
12) Many students went __________ playing basketball.
(up, up, by, down, against, beyond, through, off, over, with, ahead, in for )
10. get down下来，记下，使沮Sang
get down to致力于，专心于
get on进展，进步，穿上，上车
get off脱下, 下车
get in收集，插（话）
get away逃跑，逃脱，去休假
get over忘记，越过，克服，从疾病Zhong恢复
get along with进展，相处
get up起床
get through打通电话，完成，通Guo
get round消息传开
get close to sth. 接近，几乎
get into (trouble)
get to (know)
get back取回，收回
get out
1) She spoke so fast that I couldn't get ____ what he said.
2) We will find ways to get _________ difficulties.
3) The story has got __________, and everyone knows about it.
4) When I get _________ with the report, I'll go to the cinema.
5) After a delicious meal the two men got __________ to business.
6) Don't always get __________ a word when others are speaking.
7) It took me a long time to get ___________ such an unpleasant experience.
(down, over, round, through, down, in, over)
11. give away赠送，泄露，出Mai
give out发出，疲劳，分发，公布
give off发出（光、热、气体）
give in (to sb.) 屈服
give up放弃，让（座位）
1) His accent at last gave him __________.
2) The liquid gave ________ a strong smell.
3) The headmaster gave ___________ the names of the prize-winners.
4) The soldiers gave _________ the town to the enemies.
5) Who will help me to give the books ___________?
6) Don't believe in those who give his friends ________.
7) After a long walk, my strength gave ____________.
(away, off, out, up, out, away, out)
12. hand in交上，提交
hand out分发
hand down流传，遗传
13. hang about闲逛
hang up挂电话
14. hold back阻止，隐瞒
hold up举起，使停顿
hold on别挂电话，等，坚持
hold out持续，坚持，伸出
hold down控制，镇压
1) I'm sure he is holding something _________.
2) She managed to hold ______ her emotion until her guests had left. Then she cried.
3) Tell him to hold ________ a moment. I'll come soon.
4) Our food supply won't hold _________ for more than a few days.
5) The train was held ________ as a result of the floods.
6) These measures helped to hold ___________ the city's population.
7) Hold ___________ your left arm, please.
(back, back, on, out, up, down, up)
15. keep up (courage, English, spirits)保Chi，
keep up with跟上
keep off (grass)不接近，Li开
keep away from避开，不接近，离…远远的
keep out of
keep to (rules, promise)坚持，遵守
keep on继续，坚持下来
keep back阻止，留下，隐瞒，扣下
keep from克制，阻止
1) The angry lady told the strangers to keep ________ from her.
2) I can hardly keep ________ my tears after hearing his words.
3) Only pride kept her __________ bursting into tears.
4) I can scarcely keep __________ asking him what he has done.
5) "Don't touch me," screamed the woman, "Keep __________!"
6) Keep _________ until you succeed.
7) Keep _________ your courage, and you'll succeed in the end.
8) The thick coat can keep the cold ___________.
9) Always try to keep ___________ the rules when you play a game.
10) I can't keep ________ with everything you're doing.
(away, back, from, from, off, on, up, out, to, up)
16. knock at/on敲
knock into撞到某人身上
knock down撞倒
knock out of把…敲出
knock over撞倒
knock off停止工作，休息
1) The boxer soon knocked his opponent _________.
2) The office stuff knocks _________ at six every day.
3) Try knocking __________ the window and see if there is anyone indoors.
4) He was so absorbed in his book that he knocked __________ the car parked there.
(down, off, on, into)
17. leave for离开前往
leave out删去，遗漏
leave behind遗留, 忘记拿走
leave to留给，遗嘱赠于
leave over遗留，剩下，延期
1) "Whose name has been left __________?" demanded the teacher.
2) When he died, he left all his property _____ his niece.
3) He suddenly realized that he had left his umbrella ___________.
4) Don't leave this matter _________ until tomorrow.
5) Leave some meat ___________ for tomorrow.
6) Those are questions left _________ by history.
(out, to, behind, over, over, over)
18. look up查找，向上看
look through翻阅，浏览
look on旁观
look on…as看作
look into调查
look after/ at / for 照顾/看/寻找
look out(for)当心
look about / around/round四下查看
look down upon瞧不起
look back upon回忆，回顾
look ab. up and downZi细打量某人
look ab in the face/eyes直视某人
1) I spent two hours looking ______ the students' papers.
2)Look _______! There is a big hole in front.
3) He took part in the game, and the rest of us just looked ______ and cheered for him.
4) The old man looked _____ upon the days of his youth.
5) She was so snobbish（势利）that she looked __________ upon all his neighbours.
6) The police promised to look __________ the case as soon as possible.
7) He looked __________ but saw nobody, and he listened but hear nothing.
(through, out, on, back, down, into, about/around/round)
19. make up编造，配制，打扮，Zu成
make up for弥补
make into / of / from 制成
make out弄懂，发现，看出, 填写，开列（清单）
make for走向，驶往，促使
1) Can you make this length of cloth __________ a suit?
2) I asked the driver if he was making ___________ London?
3) My father made __________ a check for me to buy the camera.
4) We must make the loss _________ next week./ He tried hard to make ________ for
the damage he had done.
5) He made __________ a story, which I found hard to believe.
6) Someone is coming, but I can't make ___________ who it is.
(into, for, out, up/up, up, out)
20. pass away去世
pass by经过
pass down(on)…to传给
pass through经历
pass over漠视，忽视
1) The old clock has been passed ________ to me from my grandfather's grandfather.
2) The man passed ___________ last week in peace.
3) We are passing ____________ difficult times.
4) The secretary passed ___________ the details in the first part of his report.
(down, away, through, over)
21. pay back还钱，报复
pay for付钱，为…受到惩罚，因…得Dao报应
pay off还清
1) How much did you pay __________ the dictionary?
2) You should pay _________ the money you borrowed from me.
3) I'll pay him ____________ for all his crimes(罪行) against me.
4) Some day, you'll pay __________ what you have done today.
5) Has she pay ____________ the debt yet?
（for, back, back, for, off）
22. pick up拾起，获得(information)，接人，站起，收听，自Ran习得(language
/knowledge)，恢复重获(pick up health)
pick out挑选，辨认，看出
1) I picked the information __________ while waiting in the queue.
2) My friend has arranged to pick me _________ at 6:00.
3) The patient has picked _________ health during the last two weeks.
4) She picked _______ the most expensive pair of shoes.
5) I can't pick John ___________ in the crowd.
6) Can I pick __________ VOA with this short-wave radio?
7) He fell down suddenly, but picked himself ___________ quickly.
(up, up, up, out, out, up, up)
pick cotton/flower/leaves/words选词
23. put up搭起，张贴，举起，安Zhuang，投宿，安排住下
put up with忍受
put out伸出，扑灭
put off推迟
put into放进，翻译
put away放好，存钱
put down记下，平息
put on穿戴，上映，增加(put on weight/speed)
put forward 提出，提前
put through 接通电话
put aside放到一边
put back放回
1) He put _________ half his wage every week.
2) The government soon put __________ the revolt（暴乱）.
3) Put your watch __________. It's slow.
4) He put __________ his hand for me to shake.
5). Please put me __________ to Extension（分机）2.
6) We put ___________ for night at the village inn.
7) He is very proud, and he often put _________ airs.（摆架子）
8) We had a telephone put _____________ in our office.
9) I can't put __________ with your laziness.
(away, down, forward, out, through, up, on, up, up)
24. pull down拆掉，推翻 pull on匆匆穿上 / off 脱
pull in进站 pull out取出,(火车) Li站
pull down往下拉, 拆毁 pull over驶到一边
pull through恢复健康, 渡过Nan关, 脱离险境 pull up（Shi）停住
1) The train slowly pulled __________ and disappeared in the distance.
2) All the old houses here have now been pulled ______, and new ones are to be built.
3) The car pulled _________ when I blew the horn.
4) The doctor thinks the man will pull __________.
5) The driver pulled ________ at the traffic lights.
(out, down, over, through, up)
25. push over推倒，刮倒
push ahead(on, forward)继续前进，坚持下去
push through排除困难办好谋事，努力设法通过，挤过
1) We've decided to push __________ with our plan to build a new road
2) Many trees were pushed __________ in the hurricane.
3) They were determined to push the new rules ________ at any cost..
4) Take care not to push the baby _________.
5) They pushed ___________ the crowd and at last reached us.
(on, over, through, over, through )
26. run across偶然碰到 run after追逐，追捕
run away逃跑 run for竞选
run into偶然碰到（困难）遇见（人），相撞
run out of用完
1) If you drive so fast, you'll run _________ someone some day.
2) I ran __________ a friend of mine in the exhibition.
3) Our water has run __________. Can you fill up some more bottles?
4) Why do you always run __________ adventure?
5) He didn't want to run ___________ president that year.
6) In that way you will only run __________ difficulties.
( into, across/into, out, after, for, into)
27. see off送行
see through看透，识破
see to照料，照管
28. send for派人去请
send off送行
send out发出（光亮）等
send up发射
29. set up建立
set off出发，触发，引起
set out动身，着手(to do)，Chen述
set about开始着手(doing)
set to work(n.)开始做
set back拨回，使推迟
1) I shall set my watch ___________ by five minutes.
2) We set __________ reading the text aloud immediately the bell rang.
3) We set _________ at daybreak yesterday and we've been travelling ever since then.
4) I set __________ to advise him not to drink.
5) What were the reasons he set ___________ in his report?
6) The president set __________ a special group of soldiers to guard him.
7) The unpopular law set _________ a series of protests.（抗议）
(back, about, off/out, out, out, up, off)
30. take off脱掉，起飞 take on呈现 雇佣
take away拿走 take in吸收，领会
take up从事，占用（时间空间）
take down记录，取下 take back收回
take for误认为 take along随身带
take over接管 take out
1) I take _________ all I said about his dishonesty.
2) He went to the shelf and took __________ a book of poems.
3) At first I took him _________ a doctor.
4) I can see that most of you have taken ________ everything that the teacher taught.
5) Bill has now taken __________ his father's business.
6) My job takes __________ most of my time.
7) The boss took ____________ twenty people for his new company.
(back, down, for, in, over, up, on)
take charge of负责, take sth. for granted想Dang然, take hold of抓住, take pride in以… ……为自Hao, tak
Dai替take turns to do轮流Zuo, take office就职
31. think of想起 think of…as把…看作
think out想出 think up想出
think about考虑 think over仔细考虑
think well of sb. 对某Ren看法好
32. turn off / on打开
turn over翻身，反复考虑，翻（书Ye），翻转
turn out证明为，结果，制造成品
turn to转向，求助
turn down调低，拒绝
turn against变得敌视，反对
turn away打发走，驱逐，转过脸去
turn back返回，转回去
turn round转过身来
turn up向上翻，露面，出现，音量调Da
turn in上缴
turn upside down把倒置，Nong得乱七八糟
1) The child turned __________ its mother for comfort.
2) Turn ___________ and let me see your face.
3) However much he turned the problem ________ in mind, he could find no satisfactory solu
4) The English evening party turned _________ a great success.
5) The sight of the accident was too much for her to bear, and she turned _______.
6) The football stadium was full, and many people had to be turned __________.
7) The army turned him ___________ on account of (因为) his poor health.
8) She turned the whole house ___________ in her search for her missing purse.
9) Where did your purse turn ____________? I found it in the snow.
10) The villagers suddenly turned __________ the foreigners who lived nearby.
11) The factory turns ____________ 2000 new cars last year.
(to, round, over, out, away, away, down, upside down, up, against, out)
牛津版初中英语语法
7A 语法
Unit1 特殊疑问句、 冠词 a 、 an 和 the 的用法
Unit2 一般现在时、频度副词
Unit3 一般过去时
Unit4 when 引导的时间状语从句 /used to /did not used to 的用法 Unit5 指示代Ci、可数名词与不可数 名词
Unit6 一般将来时
Unit7 方位介词、不定代词
7B 语法
Unit1 专有名词
Unit2 现在进行时态
Unit3 人称代词、 物主代词、 反身Dai词 Unit4 情态动词
Unit5 who 与 whose 的用Fa、名词性 物主代词的用法、 one 与 ones 的用法 Unit6 基数词、 序数词、 分数、 百分数、 倍数
Unit7 现在完成时态 8A 语法
Unit1 情态动词 should 与 ought to 的 用法
Unit2 动词不定式、动名词
Unit3 形容词的比较级和最高级 Unit4 现在完成时和一般过去时、感 叹句
Unit5 副词
Unit6 被动语态
Unit7 用 why 和 because 询问和解 释原因、用(not ) as …… .as 来比较 事物、用 like/the same as/different from 来比较事物
8B 语法
Unit1 过去进行时
Unit2 形容词的基本用法以及形容词 +不定式的两大句型
Unit3 直接引语和间接引语(一) Unit4 让步状语从句
Unit5 直接引语和间接引语(二)
Unit6 宾语从句
Unit7 if引导的条件状语从句
9A 语法
Unit 1 动名词
Unit2 it ’ s one’ s turn to do sth. / it’ s adj./adv. to do sth.
Unit3 宾语从句、动词不定式的作用 Unit4 副词的比较级和最高级、反意 Yi问句
Unit5 it ’ s be adj. that 从句、 形容词 +介词
Unit6 动词不定式的语法功能
Unit7 定 语 从 句 中 关 系 Dai 词 that/which/who 的Yong法
9B 语法
Unit1 定语从句 that/who/which 作 为主语的用法、定语从句 whose 的用 法、定语从句 where/when/why的用 法
Unit2 句子的构成以及构成句子的成 分
Unit3 时态复习 Unit4 被动语Tai复习 Unit5 宾语从句复习 Unit6 状语从句复习 Unit7 总复习
