范文一:英语翻译技巧实例
英语翻译技巧
5. 拆句法和合并法:
这是两种相对应的翻译方法。拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子,通常用于英译汉;合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句,一般用于汉译英。汉语强调意合,结构较松散,因此简单句较多;英语强调形合,结构较严密,因此长句较多。所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句;而英译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处,以及意群结束处将长句切断,译成汉语分句。这样就可以基本保留英语语序,顺译全句,顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。如:
(1) Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.
同中国加强合作,符合美国的利益。 (在主谓连接处拆译)
(2)I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitalityfor which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.
我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。(在定语从句前拆译)
6. 倒置法:
在汉语中,定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中,许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后,因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉, 即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换,按意群或
进行全部倒置,原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。有时倒置法也用于汉译英。如:
(1)At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world.
此时此刻,通过现代通信手段的奇迹,看到和听到我们讲话的人比整个世界历史上任何其他这样的场合都要多。(部分倒置)
(2)I believe strongly that it is in the interest of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community.
我坚信,英国依然应该是欧共体中的一个积极的和充满活力的成员,这是符合我国人民利益的。(部分倒置)
(3)改革开放以来,中国发生了巨大的变化。
Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.(全部倒置)
7. 倒置法:
在汉语中,定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中,许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后,因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉, 即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换,按意群或进行全部倒置,原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。有时倒置法也用于汉译英。如:
(1)At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world.
此时此刻,通过现代通信手段的奇迹,看到和听到我们讲话的人比整个世界历史上任何其他这样的场合都要多。(部分倒置)
(2)I believe strongly that it is in the interest of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community.
我坚信,英国依然应该是欧共体中的一个积极的和充满活力的成员,这是符合我国人民利益的。(部分倒置)
(3)改革开放以来,中国发生了巨大的变化。
Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.(全部倒置)
8. 插入法:
指把难以处理的句子成分用破折号、括号或前后逗号插入译句中。这种方法主要用于笔译中。偶尔也用于口译中,即用同位语、插入语或定语从句来处理一些解释性成分。
如: 如果说宣布收回香港就会像夫人说的" 带来灾难性的影响" ,那我们要勇敢地面对这个灾难,做出决策。
If the announcement of the recovery of Hong Kong would bring about, as Madam put it, "disastrous effects," we will face that disaster squarelyand make a new policy decision.
9. 重组法:
指在进行英译汉时,为了使译文流畅和更符合汉语叙事论理的习惯,在捋清英语长句的结构、弄懂英语原意的基础上,彻底摆脱原文语序和句子形式,对句子进
行重新组合。
如:
Decision must be made very rapidly; physical enduranceis tested as much as perception, because an enormous amount of time must be spent making certain that the key figures act on the basis of the same information and purpose.
必须把大量时间花在确保关键人物均根据同一情报和目的行事,而这一切对身体的耐力和思维能力都是一大考验。因此,一旦考虑成熟,决策者就应迅速做出决策。
10. 综合法:
是指单用某种翻译技巧无法译出时,着眼篇章,以逻辑分析为基础,同时使用转换法、倒置法、增译法、省译法、拆句法等多种翻译技巧的方法。
如: How can the European Union contribute to the development of a European film and television program industry which is competitive in the world market, forward-looking and capable of radiatingthe influence of European culture and of creating jobs in Europe?
欧洲联盟应该怎样做才能对欧洲的电影电视工业有所贡献,使它在国际市场上具有竞争能力,使它有能力发挥欧洲文化的影响,并且能够在欧洲创造更多的就业机会呢?
范文二:英语翻译技巧 实例 文档
. Only three customers remained in the bar. 酒吧间只有三个顾客还没有走。(不译:“还留着”或“还呆在那里”)
2. I'll be here for good this time. 这一次我再也不走了。(不译:“永远在此呆下去”)
3. Please keep the fire burning when I'm out. 我不在家的时候,别让炉子灭了。(不译:“我外出时,请让炉子继续烧着”)
4. "Wait, he is serious." 等等,他不是说着玩儿的。(不译:”等等,他是认真的。“)
5. "Now, Clara, be firm with the boy!" 听我说,克拉拉,对这孩子可不能心软。(不译:”.....。对这孩子要坚定“)
(二) 删减解释词
The traveller in the south must often have remarked that peculiar air of refinement, that softness of voice and manner, which seems in many cases to be a particular gift to the quotation and mulatto women. 到南方去的人看见那些黑白混血的女郎,一定会注意到她们十之****都有那种独特的优雅风度、那种温柔的声音和文静的举止。
(三) 短句拆译
" ...on one sunshiny morning in June , ..." 在六月里的一天早上,天气晴朗..... 。
(四) 译词推陈出新
When he might well have acted with boldness, he found himself filled with doubts, scruples and equivocations, in addition to the ordinary fears of a lower. 原译:当他可以大胆行动的时候,他发现自己除了一个情人所具有的那种普通的害怕之外,心里还充满怀疑、顾虑和踌躇。 改译:等到他不妨放胆去追求的时候,他却迟疑不定,顾虑重重。至于一般堕入情网的人那种常有的提心吊胆的心理,那就更是难免的了。
(五) 解释性添词
"George, I'm ashamed of you! George, I couldn't have believed you would have done it! I always knew you to be a rolling stone that gathered no moss; but I never thought you would have taken away what little moss there was for Bagnet and the children to lie upon," said Mrs. Bagnet. ”乔治,我真替你害臊﹗乔治,想不到你会干出这种事情来﹗俗话说得好:滚着的碌碡不长苔,流浪的汉子不攒财。我早知道你就是这么一个流浪汉﹗可真没有想到你连贝格纳特和孩子们靠它过活的那一点点财也骗走“,贝格纳特太太说道。
(六) 词无定译
It is quite useless to ask whether Vanderbilt was criminally prosecuted or civilly sued by the Government. Not only was he unmolested, but two years later , he carried on another huge swindle upon the Government under peculiary heinous conditions. 我们根本不必追问政府是否根据刑法或民法对范德比尔特提出起诉。范德比尔特不仅逍遥法外,而且在两年后又以极其凶狠的手段对政府进行过一次巨大的诈骗。
(七) 精炼译词
A new dignity crept into his walk. 原译:走路的姿态不知甚么时候开始给人一种庄重的印象。 改译:走起路来,不觉平添了几分尊严。
(八) 删削"When" 字
1. When he saw me, he was startled. 他看见我,吓了一大跳,(不译:当他看见我的时候..... 。)
2. "When your gals takes on and cry, what's the use of cracking on them over the head, and knocking on them round?" ”你那些女黑奴哭得那么伤心,你还拿鞭子没头没脑的抽,把她们打得死去活来,那有什么用呢?“(不译:当你那些女黑奴哭得那么伤心的时候,你还拿鞭子..... 。)
(九) 感叹词的不同译法
1. "O, don't mother! I should like the flowers; do give them to me; I want them!" Why, Eva, your room is full now." ”妈妈,别这样﹗我喜欢这些花,把花给我吧,我要﹗ “得了吧,伊娃,你屋里的花都满了。”
2. "Well, that's odd!" said Marie. "What in the world do you want that for?" “哟,真是怪事﹗”玛利说,“你干嘛非要这个不可?”
(十) 顺拆法
His delegation agreed with the Executive Director/ that the fund should continue working/ for a better understanding of the interrelationship between economic, social and demographic factors. 原译:他的代表团同意执行主任关于该基金会应继续为更好地了解经济、社会和人口的相互关系而努力的意见。 改译:他的代表团同意执行主任的意见,认为该基金会应继续努力, 以求更好地了解经济、社会和人口这三方面的相互关系掌握十大翻译绝招,提升翻译水平
范文三:考博英语翻译技巧实例
考博英语翻译技巧实例
1。In l664 the great English diarist,John Evelyn,published,with the approval of the Royal Society of London,a book Sylva or a Discourse of Forest Trees in which one sees,perhaps for the first time,a realization that trees,then so important in the construction of ships,were indeed becoming sadly depleted and that something urgently needed to be done by way of deliberate planting to ensure enough for the future.
1664.年,英国伟大的日记作家J·Evelyn,经伦敦皇家学会批准出版了一部森林志,即《林木论》。在这本著作中,人们可以说是第一次了解到一个现实:当时,在造船业中如此重要的树木的确正在悲惨地遭到浩劫;必须采取紧急措施,通过认真植树以便确保未来有足够的树木。(with...London介词短语作条件状语修饰published,其宾语是a book。在which定语从句中,one泛指人们。a realization是谓语sees的宾语。so important in...ship是非限定性定语,用来修饰trees。句中两个that均引导同位语从句用来揭示realization的概念内涵。)
2.As a magnetic material becomes more and more magnetized,more and more of its magnetic domains line up,with their north poles a11 pointing inone direction and their south poles in the opposite direction.
随着材料的磁性变强,材料中越来越多的磁畴便会排列起来,其N极均指向一个方向, 而S极则指向相反的方向。 (介词复合结构with.一用来对主句中的谓语lineup进行补充说明。)
3.Since the earth is slightly flattened at its poles,the distance of its surface at the north pole or south pole from its center is less than that at the equator.
由于地球的两极略为扁平,所以南北两极地表面离地心的距离比赤道地表面离地心的距离要近一些。(distancefrom..,“离??的距离”。that代替distance。)
4.Solar energy seems to offer more hope than any other source of energy,particularly since those areas most in need of water lie rather close to the equator and have a relatively clear atmosphere.
太阳能似乎比任何其他能源更有希望,尤其是因为这些迫切需要水的地区离赤道很近,那里有较清洁的大气。(lie和have是两个谓语,主语是those areas。most in need of water为介词短语作定语修饰areas。)
5.For a very long time man has been seeking the possibility of combining various metals into alloys with a view to obtaining better materials for given purposes.
长期以来,人们一直在寻找把各种金属熔成合金的可能性,其目的在于为某些用途获得更好的材料。(with。viewto..,“以??为目的”,“为??起见”,是短语介词,引出的介词短语起目的状语作用。)
6.It means reorganising them on democratic lines,with governing boards made up of workers and technicians from the trade unions concerned,loyal to the concept of nationalisation as a force for social changes and operating their industry according to anational plan arrived at democratically by the community as a whole.
这意味着:要以民主的方式,由有关工会的工人和技术员所组成的管理董事会来改组各项工业。这些工人和技术员作为社会改革的一支力量要忠实于国有化这一观念,同时他们必须按照由作为整体的社会用民主方法制定的全国性计划来管理各工业。(on...1ines,“按照??方针,办法”,作状语。with...concerned介词短语作状语,用来修饰动名词reorganising。Made up of...过去分词短语作定语修饰boards。loyal...changes为形容词短语修饰workers and technicians。as force for social changes是“工人和技术员”的同位语,operating...as a whole为现
在分词短语作定语,也是用来修饰workers and technidans。它是与形容词短语loyal。。.是并列关系。arrive at作出(决定),得出(结论)等。句中arrived at...whole是过去分词短语作定语修饰plan。)
7.Thirty-five seconds into the flight,with the solid rockets pumping out maximum power,Challenger—like all its predecessors—was undergoing severe aerodynamic stress.
“挑战者”号在其固体燃料助推火箭发出最大推力的推动下,飞行了35秒后,同以前的航天飞机一样,正在承受着巨大的空气动力的压力。(with the solid...复合结构用作状语,有条件意味。)
8.A gas,such as steam (water vapor) in the cylinder of asteam engine,has neither deftnite shape nor definite volume-it changes its sshape and also its svolume with change in the shape and volume of the container.
气体,例如蒸汽机汽缸中的水蒸气,既无一定的形状,也无一定的体积。气体的形状和体积是随着容器的形状和体积的改变而变化的。(change...with,“随??而变化”。)
9.Their wide use in industry is due not only to these properties but to the fact that the common metals can be shaped into required objects by deformation and by casting into mold,and to the fact that their properties can be greatly altered by alloying with other metals.
金属在工业中之所以得到广泛的应用,不仅是由于它们具有上述这些性能,而且还由于普通的金属可以通过加工和铸造而形成所需要的制品,同时还由于金属的特性可通过与其他金属熔成合金而显著地改变。(due to,“由于”。to these properties,to the fact,and to the fact都是due所要求的。句中两个that均引出同位语从句。)
10. If an engineer applies aformula or a tabulation or a curve blindly, without knowing its history,its accuracy and the limits of its sapplicability,the results that he obtains will be neither intelligent nor practical.
如果一个工程师盲目地应用一个公式、一张图表或一条曲线,而对它的来历、精确度和应用范围却一无所知,那么他所得到的结果既不明智,也不实际。(without...applicability介词短语作谓语applies的条件状语。that引导定语从句,在句中作obtains的宾语。)
11.The neutron carries no electrical charge and in some respects acts as though it were composed of a proton and electron combined,with the positive charge of the proton neutralized by the negative charge of the electron.
中子不带电荷,并且有点像是由质子和电子结合而成的,质子的正电荷被电子的负电荷中和了。(in somerespects,“在某些方面”,“有点”。act as though,“表现得似乎”。as though引导方式方法状语从句,其谓语常用虚拟语气。句末with引出介词复合结构,对前句的谓语作补充说明。)
12.We know that the rate of cooling from above the critical range will greatly change the
structure and therefore the properties of any steel.
我们知道,从临界温度以上冷却的速率会大大改变任何一种钢的结构,从而会改变其性能。(from above..,“从??以上
13.Increasing problems of all kinds with fossil fuel power plants are turning power and utility companiesmoreandmore tOtheuseOfnuclearpoweredelectricgeneratingplants.
矿物燃料发电厂所产生的问题日益增多,这就促使电力公司和公用事业公司越来越倾向于采用核动力发电厂。(problem...with,“在??方面产生的问题”,with有表示“范围”。)
14.Ever since,people have had difficulty in deciding whether the hovercraft should be ranged among ships,planes,or land vehicles—for it is something in between a boat and anaircraft.
从那以后,人们感到很难确定把这种气垫船归为哪一类:船、飞机还是车辆,因为它是一种介于船与飞机之间的交通工具。(in between,“介于两者之间”,作定语修饰something。)
15.The electric resistance of a wire is the ratio of the potential difference between it stwo ends to the current in thewire.
导线的电阻等于该导线两端之间的电位差与导线中电流的比值。(tothecurrent..。是ratio要求的。the ratio of A to B,“A与B之比”。)
16.Pollution is caused either by man's release of completely new and often artificial substances into the environment,or by releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural substance,such as oil from oil tankers into the sea.
引起污染有两种途径:一是人们经常把全新的人造物质释放到环境中,或是把大量的天然物质譬如油轮溢出的石油释放到海里。(此句为简单句,主要是由两个by引出的短
语把这个句变得复杂了。第一个into是名词~ease要求的。第二个into是动名词releasing要求的。From oil tankers作定语修饰oil。)
17.Hardening of grey cast iron may be carried out by heating the casting to above the critical range and then cooling it,usually in oil.
灰口铸铁的淬火过程是:先把铸铁加热到临界温度以上,然后加以冷却,通常在油里冷却。(heating...to above,“把??加热到??之上”。to above是双重介词。)
18.Motion in the most general sense,conceived as the mode of existance,the inherent attribute,of matter,comprehends a11 changes and processes occurring in the universe,from mere change of place right up to thinking.
从最普遍的意义上来看,可以认为运动是物质存在的形式,是物质的固有属性,运动包括宇宙中所发生的一切变化和过程,从单纯位置的变化直到思维。(主语是motion,谓语是comprehends,被一个介词短语inthemostgeneralsense和一个分词短语conceived as...隔开了。of matter既说明existance,也说明attribute。介词短语from...用来说明a11 changes and processes。)
19.The air is heated by the flame,expands,and thus becomes less dense. Denser air flows in from below and the result is that irregular layers of air of different densities are formed above the flame.
空气受火焰加热而膨胀,于是变得比较稀薄。较密的空气从底下流人,其结果是,火焰上 方形成了密度不同的不规则的空气层。 (flow in, “流人”。from below, “自下”, “从下面”。 above the flame作地点状语。)
20. If an engineer applies aformula or a tabulation or a curve blindly, without knowing its history,its accuracy and the limits of its sapplicability,the results that he obtains will be neither intelligent nor practical.
如果一个工程师盲目地应用一个公式、一张图表或一条曲线,而对它的来历、精确度和应用范围却一无所知,那么他所得到的结果既不明智,也不实际。(without...applicability介词短语作谓语applies的条件状语。that引导定语从句,在句中作obtains的宾语。)
21.The neutron carries no electrical charge and in some respects acts as though it were composed of a proton and electron combined,with the positive charge of the proton neutralized by the negative charge of the electron.
中子不带电荷,并且有点像是由质子和电子结合而成的,质子的正电荷被电子的负电荷中和了。(in somerespects,“在某些方面”,“有点”。act as though,“表现得似乎”。as though引导方式方法状语从句,其谓语常用虚拟语气。句末with引出介词复合结构,对前句的谓语作补充说明。)
22.We know that the rate of cooling from above the critical range will greatly change the structure and therefore the properties of any steel.
我们知道,从临界温度以上冷却的速率会大大改变任何一种钢的结构,从而会改变其性能。(from above..,“从??以上
23.Increasing problems of all kinds with fossil fuel power plants are turning power and utility companiesmoreandmore tOtheuseOfnuclearpoweredelectricgeneratingplants.
矿物燃料发电厂所产生的问题日益增多,这就促使电力公司和公用事业公司越来越倾向于采用核动力发电厂。(problem...with,“在??方面产生的问题”,with有表示“范围”。)
24.Ever since,people have had difficulty in deciding whether the hovercraft should be ranged among ships,planes,or land vehicles—for it is something in between a boat and anaircraft.
从那以后,人们感到很难确定把这种气垫船归为哪一类:船、飞机还是车辆,因为它是一种介于船与飞机之间的交通工具。(in between,“介于两者之间”,作定语修饰something。)
25.The electric resistance of a wire is the ratio of the potential difference between it stwo ends to the current in thewire.
导线的电阻等于该导线两端之间的电位差与导线中电流的比值。(tothecurrent..。是ratio要求的。the ratio of A to B,“A与B之比”。)
26.Pollution is caused either by man's release of completely new and often artificial substances into the environment,or by releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural substance,such as oil from oil tankers into the sea.
引起污染有两种途径:一是人们经常把全新的人造物质释放到环境中,或是把大量的天然物质譬如油轮溢出的石油释放到海里。(此句为简单句,主要是由两个by引出的短语把这个句变得复杂了。第一个into是名词~ease要求的。第二个into是动名词releasing要求的。From oil tankers作定语修饰oil。)
27.Hardening of grey cast iron may be carried out by heating the casting to above the critical range and then cooling it,usually in oil.
灰口铸铁的淬火过程是:先把铸铁加热到临界温度以上,然后加以冷却,通常在油里冷却。(heating...to above,“把??加热到??之上”。to above是双重介词。)
28.Motion in the most general sense,conceived as the mode of existance,the inherent attribute,of matter,comprehends a11 changes and processes occurring in the universe,from mere change of place right up to thinking.
从最普遍的意义上来看,可以认为运动是物质存在的形式,是物质的固有属性,运动包括宇宙中所发生的一切变化和过程,从单纯位置的变化直到思维。(主语是motion,谓语是comprehends,被一个介词短语inthemostgeneralsense和一个分词短语conceived as...隔开了。of matter既说明existance,也说明attribute。介词短语from...用来说明a11 changes and processes。)
29.Weather is a product of many pLysical factors operating in and on the troposphere with the principal ones being the unequal heating of the earth's surface by the sun and the rather rapid rota tion of the planet on its axis.
天气是许多自然因素在对流层中起作用并对其施加影响的结果,其中太阳对地球表面加热不均等和地球自转比较快则是主要的因素。(with引导的复合结构作定语,用来修饰factors,ones代替factors。)
30.It is the village which suffers most,for it is not easy to break the traditional bonds uniting agriculturist families to families of craftsmen,nor to dispel the idea that some one who follows the traditional calling of this caste is acting in a more“suitable
乡村受害最大,因为从事农业家庭与从事手工业家庭的传统结合是很难分割的。此外,一些人认为一个人遵照等级制度的传统职业来办事要比从事不同的职业更为
31.Forging and press-production methods of shaping metal are of tremendous importance in machine-building in general,and in automobile and tractor industry in particular.
金属成形的锻压加工方法,一般在机器制造业、特别是在汽车和拖拉机工业中具有重大意义.(be of...“具有”。in general,“通常”;in particular,“特别”,这两个短语介词在句中作插入语用。)
32.In fact, in the nineteeth century people used to make gardens in the shape of aclock face,with different flowers opening at different times.
在19世纪,人们常常把花园做成钟盘形,不同的花在不同的时间开放。 (with引导的复合
结构有定语的意味,用来对the shape of a clock进行修饰。)
33.The modern scientific method Was born with Galileo in the 17th century;however,the development of the natural sciences began to gain speed only in the latter part of the 18th and the early part of the 19th centuries.
现代科学方法产生于17世纪的伽利略时代;然而,只是在18世纪后期和19世纪初期,自然科学才开始迅速发展。(with Galileo...century有表示时间与空间范围之意,这里是表示时间即伽利略时代。)
34.All of the atoms of an element contain the same number of protons in their muclei, and the atoms of one element differ from those of all other elements in the number of protons so contained.
同一种元素的所有原子的原子核中含有的质子数都是相同的,而一种元素的原子与其他一切元素的原子的不同点,就在于它们含有的质子数不同。(AdiffersfromBinC.A与B在C方面是不同的。句中in the number...是differ要求的。)
35.The kinds of evidence for the roundness of the world that led finally to its general accep tance included such data as the shape of the shadow of the earth on the moon during an eclipse of the moon,the fact that as one sails from port on a ship the building of the port gradually seem to sink below the surface of the water,and,most convincing,the fact that it is possible to sail all around the world and return to the starting point of the voyage.
最终为人们普遍接受的有关地球是圆形的种种论据,包括:月蚀时地球投在月球表面的阴影形状;当人们乘船离开港口时,港口的建筑物似乎逐渐沉入水下;而最令人信服的是,人们环绕地球航行时,有可能又回到原来的起航点。(The kinds为主句中的主语,谓语是included。
介词as引导三个并列同位语:shape,the fact,the fact,说明data。在两个fact后的that都引出同位语从句。)
36.The technological breakthrough and the lndustrial Revolution brought with them a mastery of food production and control of infectious disease that reduced the normal death-rate to below 1.5 per cent.
技术革新和工业革命促进了食品生产,控制了传染病的流行,这使人口正常死亡率降到1.5%以下。(to below是双重介词,reduce...tobelow,“降到??以下”。)
37.There are a few specially designed homes that are heated primarily by the sun but there is no practical and economic means for converting solar energy directly into that great convenience,electricity.
现在已有一些专门设计的住宅主要利用太阳能取暖,但还没有一种实用和经济的办法把太阳能直接转化为便于使用的电能。(介词短语for...electridty用来修饰means。,oonverting...into,“把??转化为??”。)
38.A balance consists of an arlTl balanced at its middle, with known weights hung on one hand and the object whose weight is to be found on the other.
天平由一个在中央平衡的臂组成,已知重量的砝码挂在平衡臂的一端,而把要称出重量的物体挂在平衡臂的另一端。 (分词短语balanced at its middle用来修饰arm。with...weights hung?是介词复合结构,用来对balance作补充说明,过去分词known作定语,修饰weights。hung是hang的过去分词。)
39.Weather is a product of many pLysical factors operating in and on the troposphere with the principal ones being the unequal heating of the earth's surface by the sun and the rather rapid rota tion of the planet on its axis.
天气是许多自然因素在对流层中起作用并对其施加影响的结果,其中太阳对地球表面加热不均等和地球自转比较快则是主要的因素。(with引导的复合结构作定语,用来修饰factors,ones代替factors。)
40.It is the village which suffers most,for it is not easy to break the traditional bonds uniting agriculturist families to families of craftsmen,nor to dispel the idea that some one who follows the traditional calling of this caste is acting in a more“suitable
乡村受害最大,因为从事农业家庭与从事手工业家庭的传统结合是很难分割的。此外,一些人认为一个人遵照等级制度的传统职业来办事要比从事不同的职业更为
41.Forging and press-production methods of shaping metal are of tremendous importance in machine-building in general,and in automobile and tractor industry in particular.
金属成形的锻压加工方法,一般在机器制造业、特别是在汽车和拖拉机工业中具有重大意义.(be of...“具有”。in general,“通常”;in particular,“特别”,这两个短语介词在句中作插入语用。)
42.In fact, in the nineteeth century people used to make gardens in the shape of aclock face,with different flowers opening at different times.
在19世纪,人们常常把花园做成钟盘形,不同的花在不同的时间开放。 (with引导的复合结构有定语的意味,用来对the shape of a clock进行修饰。)
43.The modern scientific method Was born with Galileo in the 17th century;however,the development of the natural sciences began to gain speed only in the latter part of the 18th and the early part of the 19th centuries.
现代科学方法产生于17世纪的伽利略时代;然而,只是在18世纪后期和19世纪初期,自然科学才开始迅速发展。(with Galileo...century有表示时间与空间范围之意,这里是表示时间即伽利略时代。)
44.All of the atoms of an element contain the same number of protons in their muclei, and the atoms of one element differ from those of all other elements in the number of protons so contained.
同一种元素的所有原子的原子核中含有的质子数都是相同的,而一种元素的原子与其他一切元素的原子的不同点,就在于它们含有的质子数不同。(AdiffersfromBinC.A与B在C方面是不同的。句中in the number...是differ要求的。)
45.The kinds of evidence for the roundness of the world that led finally to its general accep tance included such data as the shape of the shadow of the earth on the moon during an eclipse of the moon,the fact that as one sails from port on a ship the building of the port gradually seem to sink below the surface of the water,and,most convincing,the fact that it is possible to sail all around the world and return to the starting point of the voyage.
最终为人们普遍接受的有关地球是圆形的种种论据,包括:月蚀时地球投在月球表面的阴影形状;当人们乘船离开港口时,港口的建筑物似乎逐渐沉入水下;而最令人信服的是,人们环绕地球航行时,有可能又回到原来的起航点。(The kinds为主句中的主语,谓语是included。
介词as引导三个并列同位语:shape,the fact,the fact,说明data。在两个fact后的that都引出同位语从句。)
46.The technological breakthrough and the lndustrial Revolution brought with them a mastery of food production and control of infectious disease that reduced the normal death-rate to below 1.5 per cent.
技术革新和工业革命促进了食品生产,控制了传染病的流行,这使人口正常死亡率降到1.5%以下。(to below是双重介词,reduce...tobelow,“降到??以下”。)
47.There are a few specially designed homes that are heated primarily by the sun but there is no practical and economic means for converting solar energy directly into that great convenience,electricity.
现在已有一些专门设计的住宅主要利用太阳能取暖,但还没有一种实用和经济的办法把
太阳能直接转化为便于使用的电能。(介词短语for...electridty用来修饰means。,oonverting...into,“把??转化为??”。)
48.A balance consists of an arlTl balanced at its middle, with known weights hung on one hand and the object whose weight is to be found on the other.
天平由一个在中央平衡的臂组成,已知重量的砝码挂在平衡臂的一端,而把要称出重量的物体挂在平衡臂的另一端。 (分词短语balanced at its middle用来修饰arm。with...weights hung?是介词复合结构,用来对balance作补充说明,过去分词known作定语,修饰weights。hung是hang的过去分词。)
49.Weather is a product of many pLysical factors operating in and on the troposphere with the principal ones being the unequal heating of the earth's surface by the sun and the rather rapid rota tion of the planet on its axis.
天气是许多自然因素在对流层中起作用并对其施加影响的结果,其中太阳对地球表面加热不均等和地球自转比较快则是主要的因素。(with引导的复合结构作定语,用来修饰factors,ones代替factors。)
50.It is the village which suffers most,for it is not easy to break the traditional bonds uniting agriculturist families to families of craftsmen,nor to dispel the idea that some one who follows the traditional calling of this caste is acting in a more“suitable
乡村受害最大,因为从事农业家庭与从事手工业家庭的传统结合是很难分割的。此外,一些人认为一个人遵照等级制度的传统职业来办事要比从事不同的职业更为
51.Forging and press-production methods of shaping metal are of tremendous importance in machine-building in general,and in automobile and tractor industry in particular.
金属成形的锻压加工方法,一般在机器制造业、特别是在汽车和拖拉机工业中具有重大意义.(be of...“具有”。in general,“通常”;in particular,“特别”,这两个短语介词在句中作插入语用。)
52.In fact, in the nineteeth century people used to make gardens in the shape of aclock face,with different flowers opening at different times.
在19世纪,人们常常把花园做成钟盘形,不同的花在不同的时间开放。 (with引导的复合结构有定语的意味,用来对the shape of a clock进行修饰。)
53.The modern scientific method Was born with Galileo in the 17th century;however,the development of the natural sciences began to gain speed only in the latter part of the 18th and the early part of the 19th centuries.
现代科学方法产生于17世纪的伽利略时代;然而,只是在18世纪后期和19世纪初期,自然科学才开始迅速发展。(with Galileo...century有表示时间与空间范围之意,这里是表示时间即伽利略时代。)
54.All of the atoms of an element contain the same number of protons in their muclei, and the atoms of one element differ from those of all other elements in the number of protons so contained.
同一种元素的所有原子的原子核中含有的质子数都是相同的,而一种元素的原子与其他一切元素的原子的不同点,就在于它们含有的质子数不同。(AdiffersfromBinC.A与B在C方面是不同的。句中in the number...是differ要求的。)
55.The kinds of evidence for the roundness of the world that led finally to its general accep tance included such data as the shape of the shadow of the earth on the moon during an eclipse of the moon,the fact that as one sails from port on a ship the building of the port gradually seem to
sink below the surface of the water,and,most convincing,the fact that it is possible to sail all around the world and return to the starting point of the voyage.
最终为人们普遍接受的有关地球是圆形的种种论据,包括:月蚀时地球投在月球表面的阴影形状;当人们乘船离开港口时,港口的建筑物似乎逐渐沉入水下;而最令人信服的是,人们环绕地球航行时,有可能又回到原来的起航点。(The kinds为主句中的主语,谓语是included。
介词as引导三个并列同位语:shape,the fact,the fact,说明data。在两个fact后的that都引出同位语从句。)
56.The technological breakthrough and the lndustrial Revolution brought with them a mastery of food production and control of infectious disease that reduced the normal death-rate to below 1.5 per cent.
技术革新和工业革命促进了食品生产,控制了传染病的流行,这使人口正常死亡率降到1.5%以下。(to below是双重介词,reduce...tobelow,“降到??以下”。)
57.There are a few specially designed homes that are heated primarily by the sun but there is no practical and economic means for converting solar energy directly into that great convenience,electricity.
现在已有一些专门设计的住宅主要利用太阳能取暖,但还没有一种实用和经济的办法把太阳能直接转化为便于使用的电能。(介词短语for...electridty用来修饰means。,oonverting...into,“把??转化为??”。)
58.A balance consists of an arlTl balanced at its middle, with known weights hung on one hand and the object whose weight is to be found on the other.
天平由一个在中央平衡的臂组成,已知重量的砝码挂在平衡臂的一端,而把要称出重量的物体挂在平衡臂的另一端。 (分词短语balanced at its middle用来修饰arm。with...weights hung?是介词复合结构,用来对balance作补充说明,过去分词known作定语,修饰weights。hung是hang的过去分词。)
59You should also learn as much about chemistry as possible from your own experience in the laboramry and from your observations of chemical substances and chemical reactions in everyday life.
你们也应该从你们自己的实验室经验中,从你们日常对化学物质和化学反应的观察中学习更多的化学方面的知识(1earn...from.., “从??学??”。句中两个from均为learn要求的。)
60.You will notice that specific gravity is always the ratio of two weights,and so it is a pure number,such as 3 or 5.25,with out any unit associated with it.
你们将注意到,比重总是两个重量之比,因而它是一个纯数,譬如3或5.25,无需给它。
定义任何单位。(without..it是分词复合结构,有结果的意味。)
61.With the increased productionmade possible by the assembly line,automobiles became much cheaper,and more and more people were able to offord them.
由于装配线所带来的增产,汽车价格便宜多了,买得起汽车的人越来越多。 (介词短语with?用作原因状语。)
62.Today physicists find that light has the characteristics of both waves and particles with one aspect sometimes predominating and sometimes the other.
物理学家现在发现,光具有波粒二重性,有时波动性起主要作用,有时粒子性起主要作用。(with。..the other是分词复合结构,在句中作补充说明。)
63.It is amatter of common observation that a body A cannot exert force on a second body B without B at the same time exerting force on A.
这是我们通常都能观察到的情况:如果物体B没有同时对物体A施加作用力,那么物体A也不能对B施加作用力。 (without引导的介词复合结构为条件状语,用来说明谓语cannot exert。)
64.Without the sun's light warming the earth's surface,it would be so terribly cold that life could not exist.
如果没有阳光来加热地球的表面,地球就会变得非常寒冷,使得生命无法生存。(without引导的复合结构,在句中起条件状语作用。)
65.Just as the length and cross-section of the pipe affect the flow of water so it is with conductors of electric current.
正如管道的长度和截面会影响水流一样,导体对电流的影响也是如此。(with表示关系和范围,有“关于”,“对”,“就”之意。)
66.Water vapor may vary from almost nothing to as much as 4% and is not usually included with the other constituents which,in terms of global averages,do not vary significantly.
(大气中)水蒸气的含量是变化的,从近乎为零到多达4%,通常不与其他成分一起计算,根据总平均值来看,其他成分的含量变化不大。(句中with表示事物之间的关系。参看上句。)
67.This atom,with 92 electrons spinning about the closely packed and complex nucleus,is the element uranium,which seems to be the most complicated of the natural atoms.
这一有着92个电子围着又密集又复杂的原子核旋转的原子,就是元素铀。它似乎是天然原子中最复杂的原子了。(句中with引出的是一个介词复合结构,作定语,修饰atoms。)
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范文四:考博英语翻译技巧实例
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考博英华华技巧华例翻
。~~~1In l664 the great English diaristJohn Evelynpublishedwith the approval of the
~Royal Society of Londona book Sylva or a Discourse of Forest Trees in which one
~~~seesperhaps for the first timea realization that treesthen so important in the construction of
~shipswere indeed becoming sadly depleted and that something urgently needed to be done by
way of deliberate planting to ensure enough for the future.
,年~英华大的日华作家国~华华敦皇家批准出版了一部森林志~学会即1664J?Evelyn
《林木华》。在华本著作中~人华可以华是第一次了解到一华华,华~在造船华中如此重要的华木个当
的正在悲地遭到浩劫~必华采取华急措施~通华华植华以便保未有足华的华木。确惨真确来
,,,介华短华作件华修华条状~其华华是。在定华句中从~(withLondonpublisheda bookwhich
泛指人华。是华华的华华。是非限定性定华~用修华来。onea realizationseesso important in...shiptrees
句中两个均引华同位华句用揭示从来的念涵。概内thatrealization)
,~2As a magnetic material becomes more and more magnetizedmore and more of its
~magnetic domains line upwith their north poles a11 pointing inone direction and their south
,poles in the opposite direction
着材料的磁性华强~材料中越越多的磁便排列起~其随来畴会来极个均指向一方向~ N
而极华指向相反的方向。 介华华合华构,一用华主句中的华华来华行华充华明。S(withlineup)
,~3Since the earth is slightly flattened at its polesthe distance of its surface at the north pole
,or south pole from its center is less than that at the equator由于地球的略华扁平~所以南北地表面地心的距比赤道地表面地心的距要两极两极离离离离
近一些。,,~“……的距”。离离代替。(distancefromthatdistance)
,~4Solar energy seems to offer more hope than any other source of energyparticularly
since those areas most in need of water lie rather close to the equator and have a relatively clear
,atmosphere
太能似乎比任何其他能源更有希望~尤其是因华华些迫切需要水的地赤道近~阳区离很
那里有华华的大。清气和是华华~主华是两个。华介华短华作(liehavethose areasmost in need of water
定华修华。areas)
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,5For a very long time man has been seeking the possibility of combining various metals into
,alloys with a view to obtaining better materials for given purposes
华期以~人华一直在华把各华金熔成合金的可能性~其目的在于华某些用途华得更好来找属
的材料。。,,~“以……华目的”~“华……起华”~是短华介华~引出的介华 短华(withviewto
起目的华作用。状)
,~6It means reorganising them on democratic lineswith governing boards made up of
~workers and technicians from the trade unions concernedloyal to the concept of nationalisation as a force for social changes and operating their industry according to anational plan arrived at
,democratically by the community as a whole
华意味着,要以民主的方式~由有华工的工人和技华华所华成的管理董事改华各华工华。会会来
华些工人和技华华作华社改革的一支力量要忠华于有化华一华念~同华他华必华按照由作华整的会国体
社用民主方法制定的全性华管理各工华。会国划来,,,~“按照……方华~华法”~(on1ines
作华。状,,,介华短华作华~用修华华名华 状来。,,,华withconcernedreorganisingMade up of
去分华短华作定华修华。,,,华形容华短华修华。boardsloyalchangesworkers and techniciansas force
是“工人和技华华”的同位华~,,,华华for social changesoperatingas a whole
在分华短华作定华~也是用修华来。是形容华短华它与。。,是列华系并。workers and technidansloyal
作出决定~得出华华等。句中,,,是华去分华短华作定华修华。arrive at()()arrived atwholeplan)
,~7Thirty-five seconds into the flightwith the solid rockets pumping out maximum
~ ,powerChallenger—like all its predecessors—was undergoing severe aerodynamic stress
“挑华者”在其固燃料助推火箭华出最大推力的推华下~华行了号体秒后~同以前的航35
天华机一华~正在承受着巨大的空华力的华力。气,,,华合华用作华~有件构状条(with the solid
意味。)
,~~8A gassuch as steam (water vapor) in the cylinder of asteam enginehas neither
deftnite shape nor definite volume-it changes its sshape and also its svolume with change in the
,shape and volume of the container
华慧考博 网http://kaobo.b2cedu.com/
~例如蒸汽机汽缸中的水蒸~无一定的形~也无一定的华。的形和气体气既状体气体状
体随状体华是着容器的形和华的改华而华化的。,,,~“……而华化”。随(changewith)
,9Their wide use in industry is due not only to these properties but to the fact that the common metals can be shaped into required objects by deformation and by casting into
~,moldand to the fact that their properties can be greatly altered by alloying with other metals
金在工华中之所以得到泛的华用~不华是由于华具有上述华些性能~而且华由于普通属广它
的金可以通华加工和华造而形成所需要的制品~同华华由于金的特性可通华其他金熔成属属与属
合金而华著地改华。~“由于”。~~都是(due toto these propertiesto the factand to the factdue
所要求的。句中两个均引出同位华句。从that)
, ~ 10If an engineer applies aformula or a tabulation or a curve blindlywithout
~~knowing its historyits accuracy and the limits of its sapplicabilitythe results that he obtains
,will be neither intelligent nor practical
如果一工程华盲目地华用一公式、一华华表或一曲华~而华的华、精度和华用个个条它来确
范华却一无所知~那华他所得到的华果不明智~也不华华。既,,,介华短华作(withoutapplicability
华华的件华。条状引华定华句~在句中作从的华华。appliesthatobtains)
,11The neutron carries no electrical charge and in some respects acts as though it were
~composed of a proton and electron combinedwith the positive charge of the proton neutralized
,by the negative charge of the electron
中子不华华荷~且有点像是由华子和华子华合而成的~华子的正华荷被华子的华华荷中和并
了。~“在某些方面”~“有点”。~“表华得似乎”。(in somerespectsact as thoughas though
引华方式方法华句~其华华状从虚气常用华华华。句末引出介华华合华~华前句的华华作华充华明。构with)
,12We know that the rate of cooling from above the critical range will greatly change the
,structure and therefore the properties of any steel
我华知道~华从温会构从会界度以上冷却的速率大大改华任何一华华的华~而改华其性能。
,,~“……以上从~是重介华。双(from above")
华慧考博 网http://kaobo.b2cedu.com/
,13Increasing problems of all kinds with fossil fuel power plants are turning power and
,utility companiesmoreandmore tOtheuseOfnuclearpoweredelectricgeneratingplants
华物燃料华华所华厂来生的华华日益增多~华就促使华力公司和公用事华公司越越华向于采
用核华力华华。厂,,,~“在……方面华生的华华”~有表示“范华”。(problemwithwith)
,~14Ever sincepeople have had difficulty in deciding whether the hovercraft should
~be ranged among ships,planesor land vehicles—for it is something in between a boat and
,anaircraft
那以后~人华从很确感到华定把华华华船华华一华,船、华机华是华华~因华华是一华介于船气哪它
与华机之华的交通工具。~“介于者之华”~作定华修华两。(in betweensomething)
,15The electric resistance of a wire is the ratio of the potential difference between it
,stwo ends to the current in thewire
华华的华阻等于华华华两与端之华的华位差华华中华流的比华。,,。是要求的。(tothecurrentratio
~“与之比”。the ratio of A to BAB)
,16Pollution is caused either by man's release of completely new and often artificial
~substances into the environmentor by releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural
~,substancesuch as oil from oil tankers into the sea
引起华染有华途,一是人华华两径常把全新的人造物华华放到华境中~或是把大量的天
然物华譬如油华溢出的石油华放到海里。此句华华华句~主要是由两个引出的短华把华句华得华个(by
华了。第一个是名华要求的。第二个是华名华要求的。作into~easeintoreleasingFrom oil tankers
定华修华。oil)
,17Hardening of grey cast iron may be carried out by heating the casting to above the
~,critical range and then cooling itusually in oil
华慧考博 网http://kaobo.b2cedu.com/
灰口华华的火华程是,淬温先把华华加华到华界度以上~然后加以冷却~通常在油里冷却。
,,,~“把……加华到……之上”。是重介华。双(heatingto aboveto above)
,~~18Motion in the most general senseconceived as the mode of existancethe inherent
~~~attributeof mattercomprehends a11 changes and processes occurring in the universefrom
,mere change of place right up to thinking
最普从来运属运遍的意华上看~可以华华华是物华存在的形式~是物华的固有性~华包括宇宙中所华生的一切华化和华程~华华位从置的华化直到思华。主华是~华华是~(motioncomprehends被一介华短华个和一分华短华个 隔华了。既华明inthemostgeneralsenseconceived as...of matter
~也华明。介华短华,,,用华明来。existanceattributefroma11 changes and processes)
,~~, 19The air is heated by the flameexpandsand thus becomes less denseDenser air flows in from below and the result is that irregular layers of air of different densities are formed
,above the flame
空受火气气从焰加华而膨华~于是华得比华稀薄。华密的空底下流人~其华果是~火焰上 方形成了密度不同的不华华的空华。 气~ “流人”。~ “自下”~ (flow infrom below
“下面”。 从作地点华。状above the flame)
, ~ 20If an engineer applies aformula or a tabulation or a curve blindlywithout
~~knowing its historyits accuracy and the limits of its sapplicabilitythe results that he obtains
,will be neither intelligent nor practical
如果一工程华盲目地华用一公式、一华华表或一曲华~而华的华、精度和华用个个条它来确
范华却一无所知~那华他所得到的华果不明智~也不华华。既,,,介华短华作(withoutapplicability华华的件华。条状引华定华句~在句中作从的华华。appliesthatobtains)
,21The neutron carries no electrical charge and in some respects acts as though it were
~composed of a proton and electron combinedwith the positive charge of the proton neutralized
,by the negative charge of the electron
中子不华华荷~且有点像是由华子和华子华合而成的~华子的正华荷被华子的华华荷中和并
了。~“在某些方面”~“有点”。~“表华得似乎”。(in somerespectsact as thoughas though
华慧考博 网http://kaobo.b2cedu.com/
引华方式方法华句~其华华状从虚气常用华华华。句末引出介华华合华~华前句的华华作华充华明。构with)
,22We know that the rate of cooling from above the critical range will greatly change
,the structure and therefore the properties of any steel
我华知道~华从温会构从会界度以上冷却的速率大大改华任何一华华的华~而改华其性能。
,,~“……以上从~是重介华。双(from above")
,23Increasing problems of all kinds with fossil fuel power plants are turning power
,and utility companiesmoreandmore tOtheuseOfnuclearpoweredelectricgeneratingplants
华物燃料华华所华厂来生的华华日益增多~华就促使华力公司和公用事华公司越越华向于采
用核华力华华。厂,,,~“在……方面华生的华华”~有表示“范华”。(problemwithwith)
,~24Ever sincepeople have had difficulty in deciding whether the hovercraft should
~be ranged among ships,planesor land vehicles—for it is something in between a boat and
,anaircraft
那以后~人华从很确感到华定把华华华船华华一华,船、华机华是华华~因华华是一华介于船气哪它
与华机之华的交通工具。~“介于者之华”~作定华修华两。(in betweensomething)
,25The electric resistance of a wire is the ratio of the potential difference between it
,stwo ends to the current in thewire
华华的华阻等于华华华两与端之华的华位差华华中华流的比华。,,。是要求的。(tothecurrentratio
~“与之比”。the ratio of A to BAB)
,26Pollution is caused either by man's release of completely new and often artificial
~substances into the environmentor by releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural
华慧考博 网http://kaobo.b2cedu.com/
~,substancesuch as oil from oil tankers into the sea
引起华染有华途,一是人华华两径常把全新的人造物华华放到华境中~或是把大量的天然
物华譬如油华溢出的石油华放到海里。此句华华华句~主要是由两个引出的短华把华句华得华华个(by
了。第一个是名华要求的。第二个是华名华要求的。作定into~easeintoreleasingFrom oil tankers
华修华。oil)
,27Hardening of grey cast iron may be carried out by heating the casting to above the
~,critical range and then cooling itusually in oil
灰口华华的火华程是,淬温先把华华加华到华界度以上~然后加以冷却~通常在油里冷却。
,,,~“把……加华到……之上”。是重介华。双(heatingto aboveto above)
,~~28Motion in the most general senseconceived as the mode of existancethe
~~inherent attributeof mattercomprehends a11 changes and processes occurring in the
~,universefrom mere change of place right up to thinking
最普从来运属运遍的意华上看~可以华华华是物华存在的形式~是物华的固有性~华包括
宇宙中所华生的一切华化和华程~华华位从置的华化直到思华。主华是~华华是~(motioncomprehends
被一介华短华个和一分华短华个 隔华了。既华明inthemostgeneralsenseconceived as...of matter
~也华明。介华短华,,,用华明来。existanceattributefroma11 changes and processes)
,29Weather is a product of many pLysical factors operating in and on the troposphere with the
principal ones being the unequal heating of the earth's surface by the sun and the rather rapid rota
,tion of the planet on its axis
天是华多气并响阳自然因素在华流华中起作用华其施加影的华果~其中太华地球表面加华不均
等和地球自华比华快华是主要的因素。引华的华合华作定华~用修华构来~代替(withfactorsones
。factors)
,~30It is the village which suffers mostfor it is not easy to break the traditional bonds
~uniting agriculturist families to families of craftsmennor to dispel the idea that some one who follows the traditional calling of this caste is acting in a more“suitable" way than some one who
华慧考博 网http://kaobo.b2cedu.com/
,takes up a different occupation
华村受害最大~因华事华华家从与从很庭事手工华家庭的华华华合是华分割的。此外~一些人华华
一人个来从遵照等华制度的华华华华华事要比事不同的华华更华合适”~华华想法也华去很掉。 "
,,,华强华句型~强华主华,原句是华华句~,(hiswhichthe villageThe village suffers mostfor
是华华~“因华”。,,,~“把…………华与接”~是分华短华作定华修华。华华~unitingtobondsnor
华接两个并列成分~把,,,和,,,不定式短华华两个来接起 。to breakto dispel
,,,华同位华句~用揭示从来的念涵。概内意华“华华”~与thatoccupationideacalling
相呼华。,,,~“以……方式”。occupationinaway)
,31Forging and press-production methods of shaping metal are of tremendous importance in
~,machine-building in generaland in automobile and tractor industry in particular
金成形的华华加工方法~一属般在机器制造华、特华是在汽华和拖拉机工华中具有重大意华.(be
具有”。~“通常”~~“特华”~华短华介华在句中作 两个插入华of...“in generalin particular
用。)
,32In fact, in the nineteeth century people used to make gardens in the shape of aclock
~,facewith different flowers opening at different times在世华~人华常常把花做园成华华形~不同的花在不同的华华华放。 引华的华合华有定华的构19(with
意味~用华来华行修华。the shape of a clock)
,~~33The modern scientific method Was born with Galileo in the 17th centuryhoweverthe
development of the natural sciences began to gain speed only in the latter part of the 18th and the
,early part of the 19th centuries
华代科学方法华生于世华的伽利略华代~然而~只是在世华后期和世华初期~自然171819
科才学华始迅速华展。,,,有表示华华空华范华之意~华里是表示华华与即伽利(with Galileocentury
略华代。)
华慧考博 网http://kaobo.b2cedu.com/
,~ 34All of the atoms of an element contain the same number of protons in their mucleiand the atoms of one element differ from those of all other elements in the number of protons so
,contained
同一华元素的所有原子的原子核中含有的华子都是相同的~而一华数与元素的原子其他一
切元素的原子的不同点~就在于华它数含有的华子不同。,与在方面(AdiffersfromBinCABC
是不同的。句中,,,是要求的。in the numberdiffer)
,35The kinds of evidence for the roundness of the world that led finally to its general accep tance included such data as the shape of the shadow of the earth on the moon during an eclipse of
~the moonthe fact that as one sails from port on a ship the building of the port gradually seem to
~~~sink below the surface of the waterandmost convincingthe fact that it is possible to sail all
,around the world and return to the starting point of the voyage
最华华人华普遍接受的有华地球是华形的华华华据~包括,月华华地球投在月球表面的华影形~状
当离沉人华乘船华港口华~港口的建筑物似乎逐华入水下~而最令人信服的是~人华华华地球航行
华~有可能又回到原来的起航点。华主句中的主华~华华是。(The kindsincluded
介华引华三个并列同位华,~~~华明。在两个后的都引出asshapethe factthe factdatafactthat
同位华句。从)
,36The technological breakthrough and the lndustrial Revolution brought with them a mastery of food production and control of infectious disease that reduced the normal death-rate to
,below 1.5 per cent
技华革新和工华革命促华了食品生华~控制了华染病的流行~华使人口正常死亡率降到,以下。1.5
是重介华~双,,,~“降到……以下”。(to belowreducetobelow)
,37There are a few specially designed homes that are heated primarily by the sun but there is no practical and economic means for converting solar energy directly into that great
~ ,convenienceelectricity
华在已有一些华华华华的住宅主要利用太能取阳没阳暖~但华有一华华用和华华的华法把太能直接
华慧考博 网http://kaobo.b2cedu.com/
华化华便于使用的华能。介华短华,,,用修华来。~,,,~(forelectridtymeansoonvertinginto
“把……华化华……”。)
,~ 38A balance consists of an arlTl balanced at its middlewith known weights hung on
,one hand and the object whose weight is to be found on the other
天平由一在中个砝挂央平衡的臂华成~已知重量的华在平称衡臂的一端~而把要华出重量
的物体挂另在平衡臂的一端。 分华短华用修华来。(balanced at its middlearmwith...weights
是介华华合华~用华构来作华充华明~华去分华作定华~修华。 是hung…balanceknownweightshung
的华去分华。hang)
,39Weather is a product of many pLysical factors operating in and on the troposphere with
the principal ones being the unequal heating of the earth's surface by the sun and the rather rapid
,rota tion of the planet on its axis
天是华多气并响阳自然因素在华流华中起作用华其施加影的华果~其中太华地球表面加华不均
等和地球自华比华快华是主要的因素。引华的华合华作定华~用修华构来~代替(withfactorsones
。factors)
,~40It is the village which suffers mostfor it is not easy to break the traditional bonds
~uniting agriculturist families to families of craftsmennor to dispel the idea that some one who follows the traditional calling of this caste is acting in a more“suitable" way than some one who
,takes up a different occupation
华村受害最大~因华事华华家从与从很庭事手工华家庭的华华华合是华分割的。此外~一些人华华
一人个来从遵照等华制度的华华华华华事要比事不同的华华更华合适”~华华想法也华去很掉。 "
,,,华强华句型~强华主华,原句是华华句~,(hiswhichthe villageThe village suffers mostfor
是华华~“因华”。,,,~“把…………华与接”~是分华短华作定华 修华。华unitingtobondsnor
华~华接两个并列成分~把,,,和,,,不定式短华华两个来接起 。to breakto dispel
,,,华同位华句~用揭示从来的念涵。概内意华“华华”~与thatoccupationideacalling
相呼华。,,,~“以……方式”。occupationinaway)
,41Forging and press-production methods of shaping metal are of tremendous importance in
~,machine-building in generaland in automobile and tractor industry in particular
华慧考博 网http://kaobo.b2cedu.com/
金成形的华华加工方法~一属般在机器制造华、特华是在汽华和拖拉机工华中具有重大意华.(be
具有”。~“通常”~~“特华”~华短华介华在句中作两个插入华of...“in generalin particular
用。)
,42In fact, in the nineteeth century people used to make gardens in the shape of aclock
~,facewith different flowers opening at different times
在世华~人华常常把花做园成华华形~不同的花在不同的华华华放。 引华的华合华有定华的构19(with
意味~用华来华行修华。the shape of a clock)
,~~43The modern scientific method Was born with Galileo in the 17th centuryhoweverthe
development of the natural sciences began to gain speed only in the latter part of the 18th and the
,early part of the 19th centuries
华代科学方法华生于世华的伽利略华代~然而~只是在世华后期和世华初期~自然171819
科才学华始迅速华展。,,,有表示华华空华范华之意~华里是表示华华与即伽利(with Galileocentury
略华代。)
,~ 44All of the atoms of an element contain the same number of protons in their mucleiand the atoms of one element differ from those of all other elements in the number of protons so
,contained
同一华元素的所有原子的原子核中含有的华子都是相同的~而一华数与元素的原子其他一
切元素的原子的不同点~就在于华它数含有的华子不同。,与在方面(AdiffersfromBinCABC
是不同的。句中,,,是要求的。in the numberdiffer)
,45The kinds of evidence for the roundness of the world that led finally to its general accep tance included such data as the shape of the shadow of the earth on the moon during an eclipse of
~the moonthe fact that as one sails from port on a ship the building of the port gradually seem to
华慧考博 网http://kaobo.b2cedu.com/
~~~sink below the surface of the waterandmost convincingthe fact that it is possible to sail all
,around the world and return to the starting point of the voyage
最华华人华普遍接受的有华地球是华形的华华华据~包括,月华华地球投在月球表面的华影形~状
当离沉人华乘船华港口华~港口的建筑物似乎逐华入水下~而最令人信服的是~人华华华地球航行
华~有可能又回到原来的起航点。华主句中的主华~华华是 。(The kindsincluded
介华引华三个并列同位华,~~~华明。在两个后的都引出asshapethe factthe factdatafactthat
同位华句。从)
,46The technological breakthrough and the lndustrial Revolution brought with them a mastery of food production and control of infectious disease that reduced the normal death-rate to
,below 1.5 per cent
技华革新和工华革命促华了食品生华~控制了华染病的流行~华使人口正常死亡率降到,以下。1.5
是重介华~双,,,~“降到……以下”。(to belowreducetobelow)
,47There are a few specially designed homes that are heated primarily by the sun but there is no practical and economic means for converting solar energy directly into that great
~,convenienceelectricity
华在已有一些华华华华的住宅主要利用太能取阳没阳暖~但华有一华华用和华华的华法把太能直接
华化华便于使用的华能。介华短华,,,用修华来。~,,,~(forelectridtymeansoonvertinginto
“把……华化华……”。)
,~ 48A balance consists of an arlTl balanced at its middlewith known weights hung on
,one hand and the object whose weight is to be found on the other
天平由一在中个砝挂央平衡的臂华成~已知重量的华在平称衡臂的一端~而把要华出重量
的物体挂另在平衡臂的一端。 分华短华用修华来。(balanced at its middlearmwith...weights
是介华华合华~用华构来作华充华明~华去分华作定华~修华。 是hung…balanceknownweightshung
的华去分华。hang)
,49Weather is a product of many pLysical factors operating in and on the troposphere with the principal ones being the unequal heating of the earth's surface by the sun and the rather rapid rota
华慧考博 网http://kaobo.b2cedu.com/
,tion of the planet on its axis
天是华多气并响阳自然因素在华流华中起作用华其施加影的华果~其中太华地球表面加华不均
等和地球自华比华快华是主要的因素。引华的华合华作定华~用修华构来~代替(withfactorsones
。factors)
,~50It is the village which suffers mostfor it is not easy to break the traditional bonds
~uniting agriculturist families to families of craftsmennor to dispel the idea that some one who follows the traditional calling of this caste is acting in a more“suitable" way than some one who
,takes up a different occupation
华村受害最大~因华事华华家从与从很庭事手工华家庭的华华华合是华分割的。此外~一些人华
华一人个来从遵照等华制度的华华华华华事要比事不同的华华更华合适”~华华想法也华去很掉。 "
,,,华强华句型~强华主华,原句是华华句~,(hiswhichthe villageThe village suffers mostfor
是华华~“因华”。,,,~“把…………华与接”~是分华短华作定华修华。华华~unitingtobondsnor
华接两个并列成分~把,,,和,,,不定式短华华两个来接起 。to breakto dispel
,,,华同位华句~用揭示从来的念涵。概内意华“华华”~与thatoccupationideacalling
相呼华。,,,~“以……方式”。occupationinaway)
,51Forging and press-production methods of shaping metal are of tremendous importance in
~,machine-building in generaland in automobile and tractor industry in particular
金成形的华华加工方法~一属般在机器制造华、特华是在汽华和拖拉机工华中具有重大意华.(be
具有”。~“通常”~~“特华”~华短华介华在句中作两个插入华of...“in generalin particular
用。)
,52In fact, in the nineteeth century people used to make gardens in the shape of aclock
~,facewith different flowers opening at different times 在世华~人华常常把花做园成华华形~不同的花在不同的华华华放。 引华的华合华有定华构19(with
的意味~用华来华行修华。the shape of a clock)
华慧考博 网http://kaobo.b2cedu.com/
,~~53The modern scientific method Was born with Galileo in the 17th centuryhoweverthe
development of the natural sciences began to gain speed only in the latter part of the 18th and the
,early part of the 19th centuries
华代科学方法华生于世华的伽利略华代~然而~只是在世华后期和世华初期~自然171819
科才学华始迅速华展。,,,有表示华华空华范华之意~华里是表示华华与即伽利(with Galileocentury
略华代。)
,~ 54All of the atoms of an element contain the same number of protons in their mucleiand the atoms of one element differ from those of all other elements in the number of protons so
,contained
同一华元素的所有原子的原子核中含有的华子都是相同的~而一华数与元素的原子其他一
切元素的原子的不同点~就在于华它数含有的华子不同。,与在方面(AdiffersfromBinCABC
是不同的。句中,,,是要求的。in the numberdiffer)
,55The kinds of evidence for the roundness of the world that led finally to its general accep tance included such data as the shape of the shadow of the earth on the moon during an eclipse of
~the moonthe fact that as one sails from port on a ship the building of the port gradually seem to
~~~sink below the surface of the waterandmost convincingthe fact that it is possible to sail all
,around the world and return to the starting point of the voyage
最华华人华普遍接受的有华地球是华形的华华华据~包括,月华华地球投在月球表面的华影形~状
当离沉人华乘船华港口华~港口的建筑物似乎逐华入水下~而最令人信服的是~人华华华地球航行
华~有可能又回到原来的起航点。华主句中的主华~华华是。(The kindsincluded
介华引华三个并列同位华,~~~华明。在两个后的都引出asshapethe factthe factdatafactthat
同位华句。从)
,56The technological breakthrough and the lndustrial Revolution brought with them a mastery of food production and control of infectious disease that reduced the normal death-rate to
,below 1.5 per cent
华慧考博 网http://kaobo.b2cedu.com/
技华革新和工华革命促华了食品生华~控制了华染病的流行~华使人口正常死亡率降到,以下。1.5
是重介华~双,,,~“降到……以下”。(to belowreducetobelow)
,57There are a few specially designed homes that are heated primarily by the sun but there
is no practical and economic means for converting solar energy directly into that great
~,convenienceelectricity
华在已有一些华华华华的住宅主要利用太能取阳没阳暖~但华有一华华用和华华的华法把 太能直
接华化华便于使用的华能。介华短华,,,用修华来(forelectridty
。~,,,~“把……华化华……”。meansoonvertinginto)
,~ 58A balance consists of an arlTl balanced at its middlewith known weights hung on
,one hand and the object whose weight is to be found on the other
天平由一在中个砝挂央平衡的臂华成~已知重量的华在平称衡臂的一端~而把要华出重量
的物体挂另在平衡臂的一端。 分华短华用修华来。(balanced at its middlearmwith...weights
是介华华合华~用华构来作华充华明~华去分华作定华~修华。是hung…balanceknownweightshung
的华去分华。hang)
59You should also learn as much about chemistry as possible from your own experience in
the laboramry and from your observations of chemical substances and chemical reactions in
,everyday life
华也华华华你从你从你学学学自己的华华室华华中~华日常华化物华和化**的华察中华更多
的化方面的知华学,,,,,~ “…………”。句中从学两个均华要(1earnfromfromlearn
求的。)
,~60You will notice that specific gravity is always the ratio of two weightsand so it
~,~,is a pure numbersuch as 3 or 525with out any unit associated with it
华你将两个它个数注意到~比重华是重量之比~因而是一华华~譬如或,~无需3525
华。它
华慧考博 网http://kaobo.b2cedu.com/
定华任何华位。,,是分华华合华~有华果的意味。构(withoutit)
,~61With the increased productionmade possible by the assembly lineautomobiles
~,became much cheaperand more and more people were able to offord them
由于装来来配华所华的增华~汽华价格便宜多了~华得起汽华的人越越多。 介华短华(
用作原因华。状with…)
,62Today physicists find that light has the characteristics of both waves and particles
,with one aspect sometimes predominating and sometimes the other
物理家华在华华~学光具有波粒二重性~有华波华性起主要作用~有华粒子性起主 要作
用。。,,是分华华合华~在句中作华充华明。构(withthe other)
,63It is amatter of common observation that a body A cannot exert force on a second
,body B without B at the same time exerting force on A
华是我华通常都能华察到的情况体,如果物没体有同华华物施加作用力~那华物BA
体也不能华施加作用力。 引华的介华华合华华件华~用华华明华华构条状来。AB(withoutcannot exert)
,~64Without the sun's light warming the earth's surfaceit would be so terribly cold
,that life could not exist
如果有没阳来会光加华地球的表面~地球就华得非常寒冷~使得生命无法生存。
引华的华合华~在句中起件华作用。构条状(without)
,65Just as the length and cross-section of the pipe affect the flow of water so it is with
,conductors of electric current
正如管道的华度和截面会响体响影水流一华~华华华流的影也是如此。表示华系和(with
范华~有“华于”~“华”~“就”之意。)
华慧考博 网http://kaobo.b2cedu.com/
,, 66Water vapor may vary from almost nothing to as much as 4and is not usually
~~included with the other constituents whichin terms of global averagesdo not vary
,significantly
大中气水蒸的气从达含量是华化的~近乎华零到多,~通常不其他成分一起华与算~()4
根据华平均华来看~其他成分的含量华化不大。句中表示事物之华的华系。参看上句。(with)
,~67This atomwith 92 electrons spinning about the closely packed and complex
~~nucleusis the element uraniumwhich seems to be the most complicated of the natural ,atoms
华一有着个它华子华着又密集又华华的原子核旋华的原子~就是元素华。似乎是天然原92
子中最华华的原子了。句中引出的是一介华华合华~作定华~修华个构。(withatoms)
更多海量华料敬华登华华慧考博网,,,
华慧考博 网http://kaobo.b2cedu.com/
华慧考博 网http://kaobo.b2cedu.com/
华慧考博 网http://kaobo.b2cedu.com/
华慧考博 网http://kaobo.b2cedu.com/
华慧考博 网http://kaobo.b2cedu.com/
范文五:[精品]英语翻译技巧实例
英语翻译技巧
5.拆句法和合并法:
这是两种相对应的翻译方法。拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子,通常用于英译汉;合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句,一般用于汉译英。汉语强调意合,结构较松散,因此简单句较多;英语强调形合,结构较严密,因此长句较多。所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句;而英译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处,以及意群结束处将长句切断,译成汉语分句。这样就可以基本保留英语语序,顺译全句,顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。如:
(1) Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United
States.
同中国加强合作,符合美国的利益。 (在主谓连接处拆译)
(2)I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitalityfor which the
Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.
我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。(在定语从句前拆译)
6.倒置法:
在汉语中,定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中,许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后,因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉, 即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换,按意群或
进行全部倒置,原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。
有时倒置法也用于汉译英。如:
(1)At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world.
此时此刻,通过现代通信手段的奇迹,看到和听到我们讲话的人比整个世界历史
上任何其他这样的场合都要多。(部分倒置)
(2)I believe strongly that it is in the interest of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community.
我坚信,英国依然应该是欧共体中的一个积极的和充满活力的成员,这是符合我
国人民利益的。(部分倒置)
(3)改革开放以来,中国发生了巨大的变化。
Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.(全部倒置)
7.倒置法:
在汉语中,定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中,许多修
饰语常常位于被修饰语之后,因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法
通常用于英译汉, 即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换,按意群或
进行全部倒置,原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。
有时倒置法也用于汉译英。如:
(1)At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world.
此时此刻,通过现代通信手段的奇迹,看到和听到我们讲话的人比整个世界历史
上任何其他这样的场合都要多。(部分倒置)
(2)I believe strongly that it is in the interest of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community.
我坚信,英国依然应该是欧共体中的一个积极的和充满活力的成员,这是符合我
国人民利益的。(部分倒置)
(3)改革开放以来,中国发生了巨大的变化。
Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.(全部倒置)
8.插入法:
指把难以处理的句子成分用破折号、括号或前后逗号插入译句中。这种方法主要
用于笔译中。偶尔也用于口译中,即用同位语、插入语或定语从句来处理一些解
释性成分。
如: 如果说宣布收回香港就会像夫人说的"带来灾难性的影响",那我们要勇敢
地面对这个灾难,做出决策。
If the announcement of the recovery of Hong Kong would bring about, as Madam put it, "disastrous effects," we will face that disaster squarelyand make a new policy decision.
9.重组法:
指在进行英译汉时,为了使译文流畅和更符合汉语叙事论理的习惯,在捋清英语
长句的结构、弄懂英语原意的基础上,彻底摆脱原文语序和句子形式,对句子进
行重新组合。
如:
Decision must be made very rapidly; physical enduranceis tested as much as perception, because an enormous amount of time must be spent making certain that the key figures act on the basis of the same information and purpose.
必须把大量时间花在确保关键人物均根据同一情报和目的行事,而这一切对身体
的耐力和思维能力都是一大考验。因此,一旦考虑成熟,决策者就应迅速做出决
策。
10.综合法:
是指单用某种翻译技巧无法译出时,着眼篇章,以逻辑分析为基础,同时使用转
换法、倒置法、增译法、省译法、拆句法等多种翻译技巧的方法。
如: How can the European Union contribute to the development of a European film and television program industry which is competitive in the world market, forward-looking and capable of radiatingthe influence of European culture and of creating jobs in Europe?
欧洲联盟应该怎样做才能对欧洲的电影电视工业有所贡献,使它在国际市场上具
有竞争能力,使它有能力发挥欧洲文化的影响,并且能够在欧洲创造更多的就业
机会呢,