学术英语

UNIT 2 .......................................................................................................................... 2 UNIT 3 .......................................................................................................................... 4 UNIT 5 .......................................................................................................................... 6 UNIT 6 .......................................................................................................................... 8 UNIT 7 ........................................................................................................................ 10 UNIT 8 ........................................................................................................................ 12

UNIT 21. 厄运 2. 微生 3. 易受伤害 4. 霉素 5. 回归 6. 呼吸 7. 霍乱 8. 地点 9. 突变 10. 大流行 11. 流感 12. 抗原 13. 免疫 14. 并发

1.doom

2.microbial 3.vulnerable 4.penicillin 5.regression 6.respiratory 7.cholera 8.venue 9.mutation 10.pandemic 11. influenza 12. antigen 13. immune 14. complication 15. infrastructure 16. deteriorate 17. exotic 18. lethal 19. eradicate 20. prevalence

21. 毒 22. 入境事务处 23. 诊断 24. 病原体 25. 慢性 26. 胃 27. 溃疡 28. 农药 29. 花 30. 致病性 31. 察 32. 疫苗接种 33. 万灵药 34. 瘟 35. 射线照相 36. 屏幕 37. 参加 38. 被感染 39. 打标题 40.

21.toxicity 22. immigration 23. diagnostic 24. pathogen 25. chronic 26. gastric 27. ulcer 28. pesticide 29. Smallpox 30. pathogenic 31. surveillance 32. vaccination 33. panacea 34. plague 35. radiograph 36. screen 37. attend to 38. be infected with 39. hit the headline 40. contribute to

UNIT 31. 龙卷风 2. 肾上素 3. 居住 4. 内医生 5. 自身疫性 6. 攻击 7. 最优 8. 年痴呆 9. 生理学 10. 生物学 11. 试验 12. 脑 13. 治疗师 14. 过 15. 腹部 16.

1.tornado 2.adrenaline 3.residency 4.internist 5.autoimmune 6.assault 7.optimal 8.dementia 9.physiology 10.biochemistry 11. experimentation 12. cerebral 13. therapist 14. allergy 15. abdominal 16. mercury 17. herbicide 18. toxin 19. angina 20. intervention

21. 遗传 22. 不避免 23.secdonary 24. 证 25. 化疗 26. 肿瘤 27. 长寿 28. 复制 29. 血管 30. 认知 31. 敌意 32. 培育 33. 激素 34. 激活 35. 临关怀 36. 疗效确切 37.pharcology 38. 制药 39. 还 40. 沉浸在自

21. genetics 22. inevitable 23. secdonary 24. guarantee 25. chemotherapy 26. oncology 27. longevity 28. replicate 29. cardiovascular 30. cognitive 31. hostility 32. nurture 33. hormone 34. activate 35. hospice 36. efficacy 37. pharcology 38. pharmaceutical 39. reimbursement 40. immerse oneself in……

UNIT 51. 缓解 2. 活力 3. 欺骗 4. 直观 5. 制 6. 工具箱 7. 脆弱 8. 奋斗 9. 表现 10. 清单 11. 破坏 12. 愤怒 13. 饮料 14. 热量 15. 入量 16. 咖因 17.

21. 钙 22. 金字塔 23. 奶 24. 含糊不清 25. 统一 26. 家禽 27. 缺 28. 放弃 29. 不情 30. 决议 31. 倾角 32. 尺寸 33. 不平衡 34. 营养 35. 遏止 36. 中度 37. 来

21. calcium 22. pyramid 23. yogurt 24. vague 25. unify 26. poultry 27. deficient 28. abandon 29. reluctant 30. resolution 31. inclination 32. dimensional 33. imbalance 34. nutrient 35. curb 36. moderate 37. come to terms with 38. on a daily basis 39. strive to 40. be consistent with

UNIT 6 1. 个性化 2. 息 3. 贫血 4. 能 5. 多学科 6. 辅导员 7. 老兵 8. 资格 9. 过渡 10. 肺 11. 疗 12. 透析 13. 专栏作家 14. 阐

1.personalized 2.palliative 3.anemia 4.potentially 5.multidisciplinary 6.counselor 7.veteran 8.eligible 9.transition 10.pulmonary 11. curative 12. dialysis 13. columnist 14. articulate 15. anticipation 16. stubborn 17. stumbling 18. obstructive 19. obstruction 20. exhale

21. 在外 22. 施肥 23. 产科医生 24. 专题讨会 25. 伦理 26. 人类学 27. 生殖 28. 哄 29. 哺乳动 30. 精 31. 高配置文件 32. 不孕症 33. 不育 34. 有远见 35. 有道理 36. 久 37. 不是 38. 终端 39. 异常 40.

21. in vitro 22. fertilization 23. obstetrician 24. symposium 25. ethics 26. anthropology 27. reproductive 28. coax 29. mammal 30. sperm 31. high profile 32. infertility 33. infertile 34. visionary 35. make sense 36. permanent 37. by no means 38. terminal 39. abnormality 40. be free of

UNIT 7 1. 临床医 2. 伦学家 3. 临终关怀 4. 手术 5. 冥想 6. 自溶 7. 不道德 8. 自治 9. 精神学 10. 药物治疗 11. 理部 12. 生理学家 13. 产难的妇人 14. 指指点点 15. 职权范围 16. 长式 17. 赋予权力 18. 宗

1. clinician 2. ethicist 3. hospice 4. surgical 5. meditation 6. autolysis 7. unethical 8. autonomy 9. psychiatry 10. m edication 11. h ospitalize 12. p hysiologist 13. t ravail 14. g esticulate 15. p urview 16. p aternalistic 17. e mpowerment 18. t enet 19. t raction 20. m undane

21. 答人 22. 格斗 23. 半心半意 24. 海侵 25. 肿瘤学家 26. 转移 27. 病变 28. 后续动 29. 30. 放科医 31. 渗透 32. 苏 33. 基于证据 34. 基础 35. 意图 36.

21. r espondent 22. g rapple 23. h alfhearted 24. t ransgression 25. o ncologist 26. m etastasis 27. l esion 28. f ollow-up 29. e mbolus 30. r adiologist 31. i nfiltrate 32. s ue

33. e vidence-based 34. u nderlie 35. i ntent 36. r eferral 37. f easible 38. e xpertise 39. d enigrate 40. c onstrain

UNIT 8 1. 指定 2. 可归 3. 理由 4. 慈 5. 自主 6. 减少 7. 要挟 8. 不适当地 9. 最大限度地 10. 宣誓 11. 势在必行 12. 放弃 13. 怀孕 14. 说 15. 剥夺 16. 配方 17. 阵列 18. 虚弱 19. 儿科 20. 神经

1. designate 2. generalizable 3. justification 4. beneficence 5. autonomous 6. diminish 7. coerce 8. unduly 9. maximize 10. o ath 11. i mperative 12. f orgo 13. c onceive 14. e xplication 15. d eprivation 16. f ormulation 17. a rrayal 18. i nfirm 19. p ediatric 20. n eurosurgeon

21. 静 22. 修订 23. 密 24. 脑膜炎 25. 头骨 26. 流通 27. 管辖权 28. 主持下 29. 附属 30. 协议 31. 免 32. 责任 33. 刑事责任 34. 输

21. v ein 22. a mend 23. c onfidential 24. m eningitis 25. s kull 26. c irculation 27. j urisdiction 28. u nder the auspices 29. a ffiliated 30. p rotocol 31. e xempt 32. l iability 33. c riminal liability 34. t ransfusion 35. p athology 36. h umanity 37. h isto-compatibility 38. a utism 39. s ystematic 40. p rescription

UNIT ９ 1. bestow 2. essence 3. annals 4. eloquent 5. malady 6. inquisitive 7. civic 8. obscure 9. professionalism 10. e mbed 11. m indedness 12. b etterment 13. i nternship 14. s tethoscope 15. c hatter 16. d art 17. l ob 18. b udding 19. c ulpable 20. s urreptitiously 21. i nconspicuously

22. d iscern 23. d iploma 24. h ierarchy 25. h earsay 26. c utting-edge 27. d isparity 28. o steopathic 29. u nderserved 30. i rreducible 31. p ediatrics 32. r arefy 33. s hortfall 34. l ucrative 35. j ump-start 36. c hickenpox 37. i tchy 38. b lister 39. s cab 40. p recaution

UNIT １ 41. n euron 42. o verload 43. d iabetes 44. h ypertension 45. c holesterol 46. m edication 47. c onsultation 48. e nzyme 49. o steoporosis 50. p neumonia 51. v accine 52. . prescription 53. s imultaneous 54. r esident 55. o verwhelming 56. p rioritize 57. s imulate

58. o mniscient 59. t ablet 60. e ligibility 61. c riterion 62. p rognosis 63. w ard 64. i nfectious 65. h epatitis 66. m etabolism 67. e xacerbate 68. r elapse 69. e pidemiology 70. i ntravenous 71. a rterial 72. h umanitarian 73. m alaria 74. t uberculosis 75. i ntegral

学术英语词汇 AWL

AWL (Academic Word List)（英汉）

abandon 放弃；抛

access 接近；入口

accommodate 容纳；给…提供住宿；使适应

accompany 陪伴；伴随 accumulate 累 accurate

acknowledge

adapt 使适；改编 adequate 足够的 adjacent

advocate 拥护

aggregate 总的；总 aid 帮

alternative 替代物；替代的

ambiguous

analogy 类似；

annual 每年的；年鉴 anticipate 预料 apparent 明显的 append 附加

appreciate 欣赏；感激 approach 靠；方法 appropriate

arbitrary 任的；专断

assemble 集合；配 assess 估

assume 假设；

attach 贴；

attribute 归于；性质 author 作

benefit 利益；

bond 纽带；债券 brief 简短的 bulk 积；批 capable 能够

category

channel

chemical 化学的；化学药品

circumstance 情况 cite 引用

civil 公民的；

classic 名著；经典 clause 条款；从句 code 代码；法典 coherent 连

commission

commodity 日用品 communicate 交流 community 社区；界 compatible 兼的 compensate 补偿 compile 编纂 complement 补充 complex

component 组成部分

1

compound 化合物；复合词

comprehensive 综合

conceive 构思；怀孕 concentrate 缩；集中 concept 概念 conclude 下结论 concurrent 时的 conduct 行为；指挥 confer 授

conform 遵守；

consequent 必然的 considerable 相当大

constrain 限制；

consult 咨询；查

contemporary 当代的；同代人

context 下文；背景 contract 合同；

contribute 贡献；捐献；投稿

controversy 争议 convene 召集 converse 相反 convert 转

corporate 公司的

correspond

credit 信用；学分；功劳 criteria

cycle 骑自行车；环 data 数

decline 下倾；

define 下定义；

demonstrate 表明；演示；示威

denote 表

depress 使

design 设计；图案 despite

devote 奉

discriminate

display 展览；

distinct

domestic 国内的；

draft 草稿；通

duration 持续时间 dynamic 有活力的 economy 经济；节约 edit 编 element 元

encounter 遇到 energy 力；

enormous

environment 环境

equate 使相等；

equivalent 对等 erode 腐 error 错误 establish 建立 estate 房地产 estimate 估计 ethic 理 ethnic 种族的 evaluate 评 eventual 最后的 evident

expert 专家；熟练的 explicit

expose 暴露；揭露 external 外的 extract 取出；摘录 facilitate 容易 factor 因素 feature 特征 federal 联邦 fee 费 file 件 final 最后的 finance 财政 finite

forthcoming

foundation 建立；基础；基金会

framework 框架 function 功能；函数

2

fund 资金

fundamental 基本

generation

goal 球门；目标

grade 等级；年级；成绩 grant 拨款；

hierarchy 等级制度

highlight 精华；加亮；强调

hypothesis 假设 identical 相同的 identify 识别

ideology 思想

illustrate 举例说；图解 image 图

implement 工具；

impose 征收；

incline

income 收 incorporate 包含 index ；指

inevitable

infrastructure 基础

initial

initiate 开始 injure 受

insert 插入；

inspect 视

institute 研究所；

integral 整

intermediate 中间的；中级的

internal 内部的

interpret 解释；口译 interval

investigate 查 invoke

issue 问题；发行 item 项目 job 工作

journal 杂志；日记 justify

lecture 讲课；讲座 legal 合

liberal 自由的；开的 license

locate 使位

maintain 维持；维修 major 主要的；专业 manipulate 操作

manual 体

maximize 使最大化 mechanism 置；

medium 媒介；

method 方法 migrate 迁移 military 军事 minimal 最小的 minimize 使最小

minor 次要的；

modify 改；修饰 monitor 监视 motive 动机 mutual 相的 negate 否定 network 网络 neutral 中的 nevertheless 然而 nonetheless 然而 norm 标准 normal 正常的 notion 概念；想法 notwithstanding 虽然 nuclear 核

occupy 占领；

odd 奇数

offset 抵消

ongoing 进

orient 东方；

output 产量；产出 overall 总体

panel 专家小组；面 paradigm 范例 paragraph 段落 parallel 平行 parameter 参数 participate 参加 partner 搭档 passive

perceive 察觉；理 percent 百

perspective 角度 phase 阶段

3

phenomenon 现

physical 身体的；物

positive 积的；阳性的 potential 潜在的；潜力 practitioner 从业者 precede

predominant 主要的

preliminary 初步的；

primary 初级的；

principal 要的；校

priority 优先；

process 过

prohibit

promote 促进；促销 proportion 比例 prospect 前景

protocol 协议；礼

publication 出版；出

pursue 追赶；

radical 基本的；

rational 理性的 react 反应 recover

register 登

reject 拒绝 relax 放松 release 释 relevant 有关的 reluctance 勉 rely 依赖 remove 移走 require 要

resolve 解决；心 resource 资

revenue 收入；税收 reverse 背面；倒车 revise 修改

revolution 革；旋转rigid

scenario 剧本；方案 schedule 时间表 scheme 方案 scope 范围 section 分 sector 部门 secure 安全的 seek 试图；寻找 select 选择 sequence 顺 series 系列 sex

significant 重

so-called 所谓的

sole 唯一的；脚底；鞋底 somewhat

sphere 球体；领域 stable 稳定；

straightforward

stress 压力；音；强

submit 使

subsequent

substitute 代替者；代替 successor 继任 sufficient 足够的 sum 金额

summary 结 supplement 补充 survey 调

symbol 象

target

technical 技术的 technique 技巧 technology 技术 temporary 暂时的 tense 紧张的；时态

4

terminate 终

transfer 移；换车 transform 转变 transit 运

trigger 触发；扳机 ultimate 最终的 undergo 经受

underlie 是…的

uniform 一致

unique 独一无二的 utilize 利用 valid 有效的 vary 变化 vehicle 车辆

version

virtual 实际上的；

volume 卷；量；体积 voluntary 自愿的；志愿

AWL

安全的 secure 暗指 implicate 暗指 imply 暗指的 implicit 子 target 百

包含 incorporate 保留 retain 保证 assure 保证 ensure 保证 guarantee 暴露 expose 背景 context 背面 reverse 被动的 passive 比 ratio

比例 proportion 必然的 consequent

表明 demonstrate 表明 indicate

补偿 compensate 补充 complement 补充 supplement 补助 subsidy 不断的 constant ministry 部分 portion 部分 section

操作 manipulate 草稿 draft 策略 strategy 层 layer 插入 insert 插页 insert 查 consult 察觉 perceive 产 output 产量 output 产生 create 产生 generate 产生 generation 阐明 clarify 超过 exceed 车辆 vehicle 成绩 grade 成年人 adult 熟 mature 诚

承认 acknowledge 持续 persist

持续时

出版物 publication 出

初步的 preliminary

此外 furthermore 次要 minor

5

从句 clause 从事 undertake 从属的 subordinate 从业者 practitioner 促进 promote 促销 promote 错误 error 搭档 partner 达到 attain

大量的 enormous

代替 substitute 代替者 substitute 当代的 contemporary

等级制度 hierarchy 抵消 offset 地点 site 地

定性的 qualitative 东方 orient 动机 motive

对比 contrast 对 equivalent 对应 correspond 多样的 diverse 而 whereas 发行 issue 发

方案 scenario

分布 distribute 离的 discrete 分派 allocate 分派 assign 分析 analyze 风格 style 奉 devote negate 否认 deny 夫 couple 符号 symbol 符合 conform 福利 welfare 辅修

复合词 compound 复杂的 complex 改编 adapt 改变 alter 概念 concept 概念 notion 感激 appreciate intervene 革命 revolution 格 format 个人 individual 给…提供 accommodate 工程 project 工具 implement 工作 job 公民的 civil 公式 formula 公司的 corporate 功劳 credit 功能 function 贡

估计 estimate 估价 assess 孤立 isolate 固有的 inherent 号 register 管理 administer 归结

国内的 domestic 过程 process 过渡 transit 外 overseas 海峡 channel 函

核心的 nuclear 痕迹 trace

化合物 compound 化学的 chemical 化

环境 environment 换车 transfer 恢复 recover 恢复 restore 货币 currency 获得 acquire 获得 attain 获得 obtain

机制 mechanism 积极的 positive 积累 accumulate 基本的 fundamental 基

基础设施 infrastructure 金

即将到来 forthcoming 集合 assemble 集中 concentrate 集中 focus

6

继任 successor 加 plus

加工 process 加亮 highlight 加强 reinforce 家庭的 domestic 假设 assume 假设 hypothesis 假

兼容的 compatible 检测 detect 减少 diminish 简

建立 foundation 建造 construct

僵硬的：刻板的 rigid 讲课 lecture 讲座 lecture

交流 communicate 焦点 focus

角度 perspective 角色 role 脚底 sole 教 instruct 阶段 phase 接触 contact 接近 access 揭露 expose 节约 economy 构 structure 果 outcome 解决 resolve 解释 interpret 界 community 额 sum 津贴 benefit 紧张的 tense 尽管 despite 进行 proceed 进

近似的 approximate 禁止 prohibit 经典的 classic 经过 via

经济 economy 经受 undergo 经验的 empirical

精华 highlight 精力 energy 精确的 precise 居住 reside

举例说明 illustrate 巨大的 enormous 句号 period 拒绝 reject 体的 specific 剧本 scenario 捐

决定性的 crucial 决心 resolve 军事的 military 开明的 liberal 开始 commence 开始 initiate 靠近 approach 可得到的 available 可的 visible 客观的 objective 恳求 invoke 口 interpret 框架 framework 扩大 expand 源 source 劳动 labor 类 analogy 类推 analogy 礼仪 protocol 理解 perceive 论 theory 性的 rational 立法 legislate 利益 behalf 益 benefit 利用 exploit 利用 utilize 例

联邦的 federal 联 contact 联系人 contact 两个 couple 临时的 odd 灵

论文 thesis 逻辑 logic 马厩 stable 矛盾 contradict 媒介 medium 媒 media 每年的 annual 强 reluctance 面板 panel 积 area 名著 classic 明确 define 明的 definite 明晰的 explicit 明显的 apparent 明显的 evident

模棱两可的 ambiguous 模

目标 objective 目标 target 内部的 internal 内在的 intrinsic

浓缩 concentrate 排除 exclude 抛弃 abandon 陪伴 accompany 毗连的 adjacent 偏见 bias 偏离 deviate 频 channel 平行的 parallel 评价 assess 评价 evaluate 评论 comment 普遍的 widespread 怪的 odd 奇数

歧视 discriminate 骑自

恰当的 appropriate 迁移 migrate 前景 prospect 潜力 potential

7

潜在的 potential 强加 impose 强烈的 intense 强 emphasis 强调 highlight 强 stress 强

区别 discriminate 区分 differentiate 势 trend 取出 extract 取得 achieve

任意的 arbitrary 日记 journal

日用品 commodity 容量 capacity

容纳 accommodate

社区 community 涉及 involve 身的 physical 十年 decade 时间 schedule 时

使结合 integrate 使沮丧 depress 使忙碌 occupy 使能够 enable 平等 equate 使倾向 incline 使倾斜 incline 使屈

使适应 accommodate 使适应 adapt

使适应 orient 使伤 injure 使位于 locate 使相等 equate 使信服 convince 使自动

是…的基础 underlie 放 release 收入 income 收入 revenue 收缩 contract 手册 manual 首要的 prime 首字母 initial 授

虽然 notwithstanding 随后 subsequent 随

坦率的 straightforward 特征 feature 提交 submit 提 refine 体积 bulk 体积 volume 体力的 manual 替代的 alternative 替代物 alternative 挑战 challenge 条款 clause 调查 investigate 调查 survey 节 regulate 调停 mediate

停止 cease 通风 draft

通信 correspond

同代人 contemporary 同时的 concurrent 同事 colleague 同样

投稿 contribute 投资 invest 图 design 图表 chart 图解 illustrate 图像 image 推断 infer 歪曲 distort 外部的 external 成 achieve 完整 integrity 网 network 为…献 devote 违犯 violate 唯一 sole 维 dimension 维持 maintain 持 sustain 维修 maintain 委任 commission 委员会 commission 本 text 文化 culture 文件 document

稳定的 stable 问题 issue

无知的 ignorant 物理 physical 戏

下级的 subordinate 下降 decline 下结论 conclude 下倾 decline 先前的 previous 先于 precede 显示 display 显示 reveal

现象 phenomenon 限制 confine 限制 constrain

8

限制 restrict

相当大的 considerable 相反 converse 相反 contrary 相符 coincide 相互的 mutual 相互作用 interact 相的 similar 相的 identical 详述 specify 详述的 explicit 响应 respond 法 notion 项目 item symbol 除 eliminate 消费 consume 消耗 consume 长 principal 协商 confer 协调 coordinate 协议 protocol 斜坡 incline 鞋底 sole 谢绝 decline 心理 mental 心理学 psychology 欣

性别 gender 性别 sex

性质 attribute 修订 amend 修改 modify 修改 revise 修饰 modify 虚拟

演变 evolve

演示 demonstrate 演绎 deduce 阳性的 positive 要求 require 页边 margin 一代 generation

移民 immigrate 移置 displace 走 remove 抑制 inhibit 抑制 restrain 译文 version 意识到 aware 因此 hence 因素 factor 音量 volume 引起 induce 引 cite 引用 quote 影响 affect 影响 impact 护 advocate 拥护者 advocate 优 priority 由此 whereby 有点 somewhat 有的 relevant 有活的 dynamic 有能力的 capable 有限的 finite 有效的 valid 益 benefit 预测 predict

遇到 encounter 元素 element 原则 principle 援助 assist 运输 transit 运输 transport 杂志 journal

在先的 prior

暂时的 temporary 暂停 suspend 增强 enhance 摘录 extract 摘 abstract 债券 bond 展览 display 展览 exhibit 占领 occupy

致谢 acknowledge 中的 medium

重要的 significant

9

主要的 major

主要的 predominant 主要的 primary 主要的 principal 学金 grant 专断的 arbitrary 专

专业的 professional 专业人员 professional 转变 transform 转

装置 mechanism 追赶 pursue 追求 pursue 准确的 accurate 咨询 consult 资金 fund 资源 resource 自由的 liberal 自愿的 voluntary

综合的 comprehensive 总的 aggregate 总计 aggregate 总结 summary 总体的 overall 足够的 adequate 足够的 sufficient 组成 consist

组成部分 component 最初的 initial 最的 eventual 最后 final 最小 minimal 最小值 minimum 最

学术英语词汇

学术英语写作（一）：动及动词短的

标签： 杂谈 分类： 10学术英语写作

学术英语写作（一）：动词及动词短语的运用

Put succinctly

学术英语写作（Academic Writing) 是一个很复杂的过程。母语是语的人尚如此--美国大新生都求选修大学英语阅读与写作课程，就更不要把英语外语学的。然而，随着英语全球的广应用与学习，特别是在学术、经济、科技等领域中的国际交流地位，术英语写不仅成为在海外留学的中国学生必课，也是欲在国际期刊、会议中发表学术论文的究人员和大学师必须面

如何写好一论文？大到文章结构、容安排，小到语法、词应用，每一部分容都需一一学习、了解。而且学科领的不同，在大面的写作“俗”会有所不一样。本文所针对的是词汇、短语在写作中的具运用问题，突出学术英写作与其它类型的写作（如小说、文）及口语之间

写作也是种人与人之间的言语通。作者的用词不仅在传达意思，也反应作者本身的学术文化修养。个过程在母习中是比水到成的，然而在外语学习里，却需要学习者的额外识。学术写作中要注的问题，在商业、法律等正式文书写作里也是通

我们从动词说起... 凡是进行学写

但是如何在言中体现正式呢？动的选用就能帮结决部分问题。如：口语里，我们说：He said something. 或者，He told them something else. 么在学术作里，当你要表达同样意思时，就需要把动词换成描述性更强，更具

第二点就是要注意语气，根据语气来择具体单词。emphasize 和insist 的语

第三点尽量避免使用动短语，而是选择同样意思单个词语。固定动词短，如come up with ，是很多人英语口语学习中

语比较地道。可是到了英语学术写作，一点就要被舍弃了。所，很多美国学生在开始学术写作时，也觉得非常困难，要意把口语里的用表达方式换单个词。以下是一些对照，作为参考。但是决不能生搬套，因动词短语的一个特点就是不同语境下就有不同的意思，所以根据具体语境来进

do not have enough lack

get rid of eliminate

show up appear

come up with offer; develop

make up (组

go down decrease

look into investigate

(try to) figure out (try to) determine

run into encounter

bring up (questions) raise (questions)

这个表格可以无止境的长，

另外在学写作中，因为常常要做献回顾，引用他人的文或成果，所以"reporting verbs"（告式动词）颇常用。我在读学的写作时常常发现同一个词被多次重复使用，用或者不具体意思混合使用。区这些动词是非常重要的，它能体作者对所引文献

下面这个总结包括了常用

1. 一些

Smith (2004) describes...

Jones (1999, p 3) states...

Green (2002) defines...

2. 一些词是要

Harris (2001) argues...

O'Neill (1997) disputed...

Jackson (2003) conceded...

3. 一些词报告关

Holmes (2000) investigated...

Church (1998) evaluated...

McColl (2002) estimated...

4. 一些词是要

Brown (2001) believes...

McAllister (1996) recognized...

Smith (2004) predicted...

还有这些都是非常

analyze/analyzed；compares/compared ；comments/commented ；concludes/concluded；criticizes/criticized ；demonstrates/demonstrated ；discusses/discussed；illustrates/illustrated；indicates/indicated ；notes/noted；observes/observed ；points out/pointed out；reports/reported ；shows/showed ；suggests/suggested ；validates/validated；verifies/verified

学术英语写作（二）：

标签： 杂谈 分类： 10学术英语写作

学术英语写作（二）：连词和连词词组

学术英语写作（Academic Writing) 是一个很复杂的过程。母语是语的人尚如此--美国大新生都求选修大学英语阅读与写作课程，就更不要把英语外语学的。然而，随着英语全球的广应用与学习，特别是在学术、经济、科技等领域中的国际交流地位，术英语写不仅成为在海外留学的中国学生必课，也是欲在国际期刊、会议中发表学术论文的究人员和大学师必须面

如何写好一论文？大到文章结构、容安排，小到语法、词应用，每一部分容都需一一学习、了解。而且学科领的不同，在大面的写作“俗”会有所不一样。本文所针对的是词汇、短语在写作中的具运用问题，突出学术英写作与其它类型的写作（如小说、文）及口语之间

写作也是一种与人之间的言语通。作者的用不仅在传达意思，也在反应作本身的学术文化修养。个过程在母语学习中是比较水到渠成的，然而在外学习里，却需要学者的额外意识。术写作要注意的问题，在商业、法律等正式文书写作里也是通用的。继词之后，一篇主要讨论连词（linking words) 和连词词组（linking phrases）

连词和组用得恰当可帮助作者保持文章的逻性及流畅度，同时还以在所的意之间建立清楚的关系。这几点都是学

不一样的，即使意思类似，在句法也会有所不同。也就是说，后面应该跟词组还是句子都要看具体连词的句属性。例如，but 和however 都是但是、然而，表转折的意思。在写作时，but 后面只能跟从句，而however 则能作为句话的开始。例

1）The weather is very nice today, but I don't feel like going out.

2) The weather is very nice today. However, I prefer staying at home.

这一点很多英语学习需要注意的地方。在日常口中，这种差别很难体现，而but 比however 在口语中更加常用。所以在

以下列表把常使用连词和词组

语义 从句连接词

表增加 furthermore,...

in addition,...

moreover,...

in addition to

表相反

表转折

although

even though

but

despite the fact (that)...

however, ...

nevertheless, ...

despite

in spite of

表因果 becuase

since

as

so

therefore,...

as a result,...

consequently,...

hence,...

thus,...

because of

due to

as a result of

表澄清

解释

in other words, ...

that is (i.e.), ...

表对比

表相反

while

whereas

in contrast, ...

however, ...

on the other hand, ...

conversely, ...

unlike

表描述

举例

for example,...

for instance,...

表强调

突出意思

on the contrary, ...

as a matter of fact, ...

in fact, ...

在写作中，了词语可以用来作连接作用，标点符号也可以起此作用，别是逗号(,)、号（.) 、分号（；）、冒号（：）和折号（—）。由英语是一门句结构性强的语言，逗号和分号的使用对于中国英语学习者来就得特别意。常常会看到中国学生在语写作时，一逗逗到底，失去了句子构。下面就是一个错

*Today I went to watch the movie "Avatar" at IMAX 3D with my friends, it was very fun, we all liked it a lot, were amazed by the technology.

这种错误在语言教学中叫"run-on" 。过

Today, I went to watch the movie "Avatar" at IMAX 3D with my friends; it was very fun. We all liked it a lot, and were amazed by the technology.

分号可以来连接两个关系较紧密独立句子。如果你还未能判断句子紧密性，就直接使用句号，把不同的独立句断开。逗号通只用来隔开个句内的不同组成部分。如在上个例子中，逗号隔开"and“连接的两个从句。号也可以用来隔开句子中一个单或词组及其它部

1）As a matter of fact, I enjoyed the seminar very much.

2) Interestingly, we wore the same dress today.

标点符号从某个程度上来是人类种共

的使用，所以英语学习在写作时不能想

学术英语写作（三）：（评价性）形容

标签： 杂谈 分类： 10学术英语写作

学术英语写作（三）：（评价性）形容词

英语教与学

学术英语写作（Academic Writing) 是一个很复杂的过程。母语是语的人尚如此--美国大新生都求选修大学英语阅读与写作课程，就更不要把英语外语学的。然而，随着英语全球的广应用与学习，特别是在学术、经济、科技等领域中的国际交流地位，术英语写不仅成为在海外留学的中国学生必课，也是欲在国际期刊、会议中发表学术论文的究人员和大学师必须面

写作是一种人与之间的言语沟通。者的用词不仅在达意思，也在反应作者本身的学术文修养。这个过程在母语学习是比较水渠成的，然而在外语学习里，却需要学习者的言意识（metalinguistic awareness) 。术写作中要注意的问题，在商业、法律等正式文书写作里也通用的。继词和连词之后，这一篇主要讨论形容

评价性的形容词在学

这是因为在学术论写作中，常常都需要对有文进行回顾，称literature review。换句话，就是搜集相关课题的文章进行“批判式”分和总结（critical analysis），在个过程中就对所引研究的、数据或果进行评，评价用语然不能是单纯的good or bad，所以掌握符合自己研究领域的评价用词、恰当地行评价是研究员学术素养的一部分。除了论文外，写书评、学术期刊的reviewer 、在术会议上对演讲者进行问等情况下，都有可用到这些评

根据Ken Hyland （2000）对8个学科（i.e. 细胞生物学、电子工、机械程、物理学、市场营销、应用语言学、哲学

1) 有些评价性形容词在所有学里都是常用

2) 有些则在“软性”学科里较常用，

3) 有些则在“硬性”科里较常

更详细地，哲学和应用语言研究者常用detailed 来形，哲学和市场营销研究人员喜insightful 和significant 来赞扬书籍。工程学科的

评价不可能总是正的。在所有8个学科，常用的负面评词是difficult 。在“软性”学里的书也可能被批评为inconsisdent, retricted, 和misleading 。此研究可见，实学术写作语是相对限的，Hyland 的研则给我们提供了其中的一些规则。在目前所举的例子里，以笔者个经验而言，最常用的恐怕是interesting ，本上可以用interesting 来研究的每一步骤，设计到数据分析结果，或者总

学科个别性在评性用于上还是值得注的。比如simple/complex这一对比，在自然学和医学学科里，用simple 来形一项研究是正面的，表示此研究设计清晰、计划位，complex 示负面意思。但是当一组词用社科研究里，意恰恰想法。simple 是负面的，表示一个研究没有什理论深度，complex 则表达正面的意思: sophisticated. 在Becher （1987）的研究里，发了以下学科

Good Work

Average Work

Poor Work

人文学科

scholarly

original

sound

thin

社科

perceptive

rigorous

scholarly

anecdotal

物理

elegant

economical

accurate

sloppy

可见在写学术文章时还是要多考虑自己所学科学

___ unusual

___ limited

___ ambitious

___ modest

___ small

___ restricted

___ important

___ flawed

___ useful

___ significant

___ innovative

___ interesting

___ careful

___ competent

___ impressive

___ elegant

___ simple

___ traditional

___ complex

___ small scale

___ exploratory

___ remarkable

___ preliminary

___unsatisfactory

这些词语有些可以用来评价研究

有些可以用来评价研究设计，如：the innovative/careful/complex design of the study

有些可以用来

其它用法，表达的意思正面、中或者是负面，需要平

Argumentative Phrases for a Formal Essay

OPENING

Topic priming:

for a long time X, it has been the case that Y

it is/has been (often) asserted / believed / noted that X

most accounts of X state / claim / maintain that Y

according to , X is Y

one of the most controversial/important X’s (in the recent literature) is Y

Topic nomination (naming / identifying):

a. statement of purpose:

this paper intends / is designed to X

the Basic emphasis / purpose / goal of the paper / article is to X

*I/we / this paper intends to show / demonstrate / illustrate that X

the purpose of this study / analysis / discussion is to X

b. statement of topic:

this paper treats / discusses / claims that X

it is the case that X

*my/our / this paper’s argument is essentially that X

*I/we / this paper claims / maintains / contends that X

Statement of organization:

this paper will compare / contrast / describe / demonstrate that X (first) (by analyzing / comparing /

demonstrating) (that Y) (then by ____ing Z, and finally by ____ing A)

in what follows, X will be examined in erms of Y (and Z)

BODY

assert:

it can be claimed / said / assumed that X

it seems certain / likely / doubtful that X

*I/we / this paper maintains / claims that X

agree:

as X perceptively states

*I/we rather / somewhat / strongly agree with / support (the idea that) X

X provides / lends support to Y’s argument / claim / conclusion that Z / about Z

"

disagree:

as X would have us believe,

*I/we rather / somewhat / strongly disagree with X

as X states 9somewhat) unclearly / erroneously

X does not support Y’s argument / claim / conclusion that Z

although X contends that Y

rather, this paper argues that X

X in no way substantiates / supports Y

X repudiates / disproves / disconfirms / calls Y into question

compare:

both X and Y are (quite) similar in that Z

X resembles Y

X and Y have / share some aspects of Z

X and Y have in common that Z

X is not unlike Y in that / with respect to Z

contrast:

X is (quite) different from Y (in that Z)

X is not the case that / the same as Y

X in no way resembles Y

X contrasts with Y (in that Z)

X is unlike Y in that / with respect to Z

recommend:

it is suggested / recommended that X

this study recommends that X

*I / we recommend / suggest that X

substantiate:

as proof / evidence / an example (for this) ...

according to ______

as X says / claims / maintains / demonstrates

X provides evidence / support that Y

X substantiates Y

classify:

X can / may / might be divided / classified into Y (and Z)

X and Y are categories / divisions of Z

demonstrate:

X demonstrates / shows that Y

X is an illustration of Y

* First person, especially I , is strongly dispreferred in most formal academic writing.

Based on an excerpt from Nattinger, J. & DeCarrico, J. 1992. Lexical Phrase and Language Teaching.

Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. pp. 165-6.

Useful phrases for academic writing, but also for debating

Here are suggestions for using words and phrases which could improve your academic writing structure and style as well as your debating prowess significantly.

1. INTRODUCTION

?

? This essay will deal with the following aspects of the question... The aim of this essay is ......

_______________________________________

2. GIVING AN OVERVIEW OF THE ESSAY CONTENT ?

?

?

? In order to link.... with ...., the background to ... will be briefly outlined. The first part of the analysis will examine.... The second part of this analysis will consider... The final level of the analysis consists of...

__________________________________________

3. MAKING A POINT

?

? It is clear/ noticeable that... It is necessary/ important/ useful/ interesting/to note/point out/ highlight/ emphasise that

4. EMPHASIS MARKERS show clearly what you think is most important but allow you to avoid personal language such as 'I think'

focus, element, concept, theory, aspect, part, idea, point, argument, discussion, debate

Examples:

?

?

?

? The key aspect of this argument is The most crucial point made so far It is worth noting that Another relevant point is that

5. INTRODUCING A NEW IDEA ?

?

?

?

? Turning now to the question of Bearing in mind the previous points, Having considered (X) With regard to As far as ....... is

concerned

6. HEDGING

The group of 11 words called modals can help you avoid over-generalisation as they express degrees of certainty and possibility, thereby avoiding making statements which claim too much or suggest you know everything about a subject.

The 11 modals are:

CAN MAY COULD MIGHT WILL

WOULD SHALL SHOULD, OUGHT TO MUST NEEDN'T

By far the most useful modal verbs are CAN, MAY, COULD and MIGHT. If you say something IS true you may well be guilty of over-generalisation. If you say something MAY or MIGHT be true you avoid this problem.

?

?

? ? It could/might be said that .... It seems/appears ... It is generally thought/considered ...... Some/many people think/believe ......

7. CITING RESEARCH

?

? It has been found that Research has shown that

8. MAKING HYPOTHESES

?

? If, then Assuming that

9. STATING CONDITIONS ?

?

?

? Given that Provided that Granted that If it is the case that& then,

10. GIVING EXAMPLES

?

?

? For example/instance In this situation/case To illustrate

11. ADDING INFORMATION

? ? Again/ besides/ equally important/ in addition/ further/ furthermore/ moreover It must also be noted/ remembered that

12. DISCUSSION MARKERS ?

?

? ?

?

? On the one hand, on the other hand Although it may be true that....however Whilst it is generally agreed that There exists a contradiction between ..... and Those in favour of/ Supporters/Advocates of Those opposed to/ Critics of

13. RE-PHRASING

?

?

? In other words To put it another way That is to say

14. EVALUATIVE LANGUAGE.

This is used to show more clearly what you think about different points. Do you already use these words? Could you use them more?

: remarkable, innovative, complex, interesting, profound, comprehensive, powerful, rigorous, systematic, useful, sensitive, reliable, logical,

: flawed, modest, unsatisfactory, inadequate, limited, restricted

synthesis, survey, topic, study, review, history, concept, area, theme, overview, analysis, system

explain, discuss, study, present, describe, bring into focus, consider, explore, illuminate, introduce, analyse, constitute

Examples:

?

?

? The UNO has published an interesting survey... It presents a useful concept... However, the study is limited in that...

15. REPEATING

In general, DON'T! Try to organise your writing so that you stick to one point at a time. But if you must, you can use phrases such as:

?

? To return to an earlier point As noted before/above

16. SUMMING UP

?

?

?

?

?

? Briefly, we can say/ it can be said that To sum up Hence/therefore/accordingly/ consequently The evidence suggests, therefore In general what this means/ suggests/ indicates is It is clear from the above that

17. CONCLUSION

To conclude/In conclusion, i t is not always straightforward for L2 teachers and researchers to 做。。。不是

英语词汇学术语翻译

Terminology Translations

英语词汇

A

acronym 首字母拼音词

acronymy 首字母拼音法

addition 增词

adjective compound 复合形容词

affective meaning 感情意义

affix 词缀

affixation 词缀法

Albanian 阿巴尼

alliteration 头韵（法）

allomorph 素（

amelioration of meamng 词义的升华 analogy 类推

analytic language 分析性语言

antithsis 对偶

antonym 反义词

antonymy 反义关系

appreciative term 褒义词

archaic word 古词

archaism 古词语

argot 隐语（黑话）

Armenian 亚美亚语（族） Associated transfer

associative meanings 关联意义 B

back－formation 逆生法

back clipping 词尾截短

Balto－Slavic 罗斯

basic word stock 基本词汇

blend 拼缀词

blending 拼缀法

borrowed word 借词

bound form粘着形式

bound morpheme 着语（

C

casual style 随便文体

catchPhrase 时髦语

Celtic 凯尔特语（族）

central meaning 中心意义

Clipping 截短法

collocability 搭配能力

collocation 搭配

collocative meaning 搭配意义 colloquialism 口语词（口语体） complete synonym 完全同义词

complex word 复杂词

composition 复合法

compound 复合词

compounding 复合法

concatenation 连锁型

concept 概念

conceptual meaning 概念意义

connotation 内涵

connotative meanins 内涵意义

constituent 要素．成分

consultative style 交体（

context 语境

contradictory term矛盾反义词

contrary terms 对立反义词

conversion 转类法

couplet 成对词

D

de－adjective 由形词转

degradation of meaning

denizen 同化同

denominal 由名词转化的

denotation外延

denotative meaning 外延意义

derivation 派生法

derivational affiX 派生词缀

derivative 派生词

derived meaning 派生意义

derogatory sense 贬义

desk dictionary 案头词典

deverbal noun 由动词

dialectal word 方言词

discipline 学科

dismembering 肢解

distribution分布

doublet 成对词

duplication of synonyms 同义词并举 F

formal 正式的

free form 自由形式

free morpheme 由语（

frontclipping 首部截短

front and back clipping 首尾部截短 frozen style 拘谨体

full conversion 完全转换

functional shift 功能转换

G generalisation of meaning 词义的扩大 Germanic 日耳曼语族

grammatical meaning 语法意义

gradable adjective 等容

grammatical feature 语法特征

graphology 书写法；图解法

H

Hellenic 希腊语族

heterogeneous 多质的

highly－inflected 度屈

homonym 同形同音异义词

homonymy 同形同音异义关系

homphone 同音异义词

hyperonym 上义（位）词

hyponym 下义（位）词

hyponymy 上下义（位）关系 I

idiom 习语

idiomatic expression 习惯表达

idiomaticity 习语程度

Indo-European Language Family 印欧语系 Indo-Iranian 印伊语族

inflection 屈折变化

inflectional affix 屈折词缀 intensity of meaning 意义强度 initialism 首字母缩略词

intermediate member 中间成分

intimate style 亲昵语体

Italic 意大利语族

J

juxtaposition of antonyms 反义

1exical context 词汇语境

lexical item 词汇项目

lexicography 词典学

lexicology 词汇学

lexis 词汇

linguistic context 语言语境

literary 书面的

loan word 借词

lexical meaning 词汇意义 M

marked term有标记项

metaphor 暗喻

metonymy 换喻

monolingual 单语的

morph 形素

monomorphemic 单语素的

monosemic 单义的

morpheme 词素（形位）

morphological structure 形态结构 morphology 形态学

motivation 理据

motivated 有理据的

N

native word 本族语词

neoclassical 新典

notional word 实义词

O

objective meaning 客

onomatopoeic motivation 声

Partial conversion 部

Perpect homonym

phonology 音位学

phrasal verb 短语动词

phrase clipping 短语截短 pocket dictionary 袖珍词典 polysemic 多义的

polysemous 多义的

polysemant 多义词

polysemantic 多义的

polysemy 多义关系

pormanteau word 拼

prefix 前缀

prefixation 前缀法

primary meaning 始

pun 双关语

R

radiation 辐射

range of meaning 义

referent 所指物

reference 所指关系

referential meaning 所指意义 regional variety 地域变体 register 语域

reiteration（意义）重复。

relational opposites 关系对词 relative terms 关系

root word 根词

S

Scandinavian 斯堪的内维亚语 secondary meaning 次要义 semantic contrast 语义对立 semantic feature 语

semantic loan 借义词

semantic motivation 语义理据 semantics 语义学

semantic unity 语义的整体 sense relation 语义系 sentence idiom 句式习语 shades of meaning

simple word 简单词

slang 俚语

specialization of meaning 词义

structural stability 结构的稳定 subjective meaning

suffix后缀

suffixation 后缀法

superordinate 上义词

symbolic connection 象征性联系。 synchronic approach 共

synonymy 同义关系

synthetic language 综合性语言

T

technical term 术语

transfer of meaning 词义的转移 transer 转移

translation loan 译借词

triplet 三词词组

V

variation 变体

verbal context 语言语境

Vocal cords 声带

U

unabridged dictionary

w

word class 词类；

word building 构词法

word formation 构词法

高考英语词汇综合练系列05（冲刺段）（原卷版）Word版缺答案

2016届高考英语

一、单项填空

1.(江苏省某四星高中2016高考英语词汇复专

—This is really _______! Someone actually thinks your painting fantastic. A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something 2.(江苏省某四星高中2016届高考

the lecturer to give us the report tomorrow.

—Yes. But how can I pick him out _______ I’m in the dark about his appearances?

A. while B. though C. once D. when

3.(湖北2015届高三4仿真月供

A. situation B. purpose C. intention D. tendency

4.(湖北省2015届高三4仿真月

science and technology will free man free the labour of complicated measurement and computation.

A. approach B. appreciation C. application D.

appointment

5.(江苏省某四星高中2016届考英语词汇复专题

without finishing his research in a certain field, Xiao Jun determined to follow his _______ to complete it.

A. trial B. track C. remarks D. trap 6.(江苏省某四星高中2016届高考英

caught in the flood quickly, the rescuers have got a busy _______. A. settlement B. identity C. schedule D. security 7.(江苏省某四星高中2016届高考

to testify truth, while learning of theory eventually serves practical application. A. evidence B. element C. criterion D. contrast

8.(江苏省某四星高中2016届高考英语汇复专

parents about your willingness to attend 2016 Peking University Summer Camp? —I tried _______ to get them to listen to me.

A. in time B. in vain C. in need D. in case

9.(江苏省某四星高中2016届高考英词汇习

participation in class activities, teachers may call on students _______ whether they have raised their hands.

A. regardless of B. instead of C. in terms of D. on top

of

10.(江苏省清江中学2016届高三前一周双练冲刺模

_______ good habits, are good memories.

A. far from B. next to C. but for D.

except for

11.(江苏省某四星高中2016届高考英语词汇习

America to fully understand each other ______ economic, political and cultural differences.

A. in terms of B. in spite of C. regardless of D. on account of

12.(江苏省某四星高中2016高考英语词汇习专

whenever I buy a book there, they will offer me a book cover _______. A. for good measure B. at any cost C. beyond my reach D. on their own

13.(湖北省七市州2015届考教科研协作4月合考

that if waste electronic devices like phones are not recycled, they can _______ fall into someone's hands, leading to personal data being stolen.

A. logically B. illegally C. normally D. regularly

14.(湖北省2015届高三4仿真月

gene or acquired it, if you have one normal gene, that gene will still work to control cell growth and prevent cancer.

A. abstract B. abnormal C. abundant D. absurd

15.(湖北省2015届高三4仿

everyone in the organization because no special talent or knowledge is required to use them.

A. capable B. alternative C. apparent D.

accessible

16.(江苏省清江中学2016届高三考前周练冲

about Jasmine Westland’s victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed. A. awful B. essential C. impressive D. obvious

17.(江苏省某四星高中2016届高考英词汇习

_______ means diving water, refers to someone who only views the postings across the website but never makes any comments.

A. deliberately B. originally C. accidentally D. ridiculously 18.(江苏省某四星高中2016届高

understanding the message of traditional festivals if told in a way they can grasp. A. capable B. convinced C. positive D. tired

19.(江苏省某四星高中2016届高考英语汇习专

Chinese, I still can’t understand something, particularly in the rural areas. This is my most _______ moment—when I can’t understand what people say.

A. skeptical B. awesome C. optional D. awkward

20.(江苏省某四星高中2016届高考英语词复习题

traffic accidents recently, China’s traffic police launched _______ breath tests among

all drivers.

A. authentic B. random C. vague D. absurd

21.(湖北2015届高

A. increased B. directed C. declined D. boomed

22.(湖北省2015届高三仿真月

students may even _______ more unhealthy food in their leisure time. A. take in B. take on C. take over D. take up

23.(湖北2015届高

A. paid off B. showed off C. put off D. let

off

24.(湖北省七市州2015届考教科研协作4月合考

occur wherever you go, it’s a good idea to go to a firm of consultants to learn how to

_______ before moving to another country.

A. fit in B. rely on C. bring up D. stand out

25.(江苏省某四星高中2016届高考英词复习

assistant if it was possible to _______ the investment plan within a week. A. work out B. put out C. make out D. set out

26.(江苏省某四星高中2016高考英语词汇习专

many people are

_______ the use of alternative energy sources.

A. applying to B. compensating for C. catering to D. pushing for 27.(江苏省某四星高中2016届高考英语词汇复习专

the unavoidable rise of digital photography, its culture was so rooted in the previous success that it failed to fully hug the future, eventually leading to its closing. A. foresaw B. achieved C. postponed D.

demanded

28.(江苏省某四星高中2016届高考英语汇复专

can make us _______, but it can also motivate us to adjust our learning strategy, largely depending on our attitude towards it.

A. refresh B. withdraw C. accustom D. accelerate 29.(江苏省某四星高中2016高考英语词汇复习专

secret to happiness _______ your achievements in your work and your contributions to others’ happiness.

A. brings about B. results in C. consists in D. lights up

30.(江苏省某四星高中2016届高考英语词复习题

and doubt, Jack Ma, the founder of Alibaba, achieved great success with his unique business ideas and distinct view on the market.

A. Putting aside B. Putting up C. Putting forward D. Putting away

二、短文填词

(改编自2016届湖北省黄冈市高三3

to our health.

Their ___1___(nature) colors help protect our bodies from disease. Think about the colors of fruits and vegetables---the red of tomatoes, the orange of carrots, the green of apples and the purple of grapes.

You can enjoy ___2___ (eat) fruits and vegetables of all colors—green, yellow, blue, purple,

and white. Each color ___3___ (be) important to our health. These colors work together to protect___4___ (we) bodies. Scientists have studied them and discovered ___5___ good of colorful fruits and vegetables. The list below shows some benefits of some colors in fruits and vegetables:

Red gives us a healthy heart. It can ___6___ (possible) reduce heart disease. Red helps improve

our memory. Yellow is good ___7___ our eyes. White can reduce cholesterol(胆固醇). Green is

helpful to eyes. It also gives us strong bones and ___8___ (tooth).Blue helps us keep a good memory as we grow old. It also helps fight heart disease. So, ___9___ you are buying or eating fruits and vegetables, remember ___10___ ( try)different colors of them.

三、完形填空

(改编自江苏省某四星高中2016届高考英语词汇习

can be seen as a social phenomenon and people can experience loneliness for many reasons. It is a very common, ___1___ normally temporary, consequence of a breakup, divorce, or loss of any important ___2___ relationship. In these cases, loneliness may ___3___ both from the loss of a specific person or from dropping ___4___ of social circles. The loss of a significant person in one's life will ___5___ lead to a grief response; in this situation, one might feel lonely, even while in the ___6___ of others.

There are many different ways used to treat loneliness. The first step that most doctors ___7___ to patients is treatment. Short term treatment typically ___8___ over a period of ten to twenty weeks. During treatment, emphasis is put ___9___ understanding the cause of the problem, thoroughly changing the ___10___ thoughts, feelings, and attitudes resulting from the problem, and exploring ways to help the patient feel ___11___. Some doctors also recommend group treatment a means to connect with other sufferers and establish a support system.

___12___ treatment is animal-assisted treatment. Studies and surveys indicate that the ___13___ of animal companions such as dogs, cats, rabbits, and guinea pigs can ___14___ feelings of loneliness or depression among some sufferers. ___15___ the companionship the animal itself provides there may also be increased opportunities for ___16___ with other pet owners. Results of a study also suggest

that ___17___ improper socialcognition (

___18___, loneliness can sometimes play an important role in the creative process. In some people, temporary or prolonged loneliness can lead to remarkable artistic and creative expression, for example, as was the ___19___ with poet Emily Dickinson, and many musicians. This is not to

imply that loneliness itself ensures this creativity, ___20___, it may have an influence on the subject

matter of the artist and more likely be present in individuals engaged in creative activities. 1.A. however B. or C. but D. though

2.A. short-term B. long-term C. abstract D. concrete

3.A. break B. suffer C. result D. benefit

4. A. turning out B. dropping out C. falling out D. putting out

5. A. occasionally B. intentionally C. typically D. casually 6. A. charge B. company C. face D. absence 7.A. commit B. submit C. recommend D. resign 8.A. hits B. occurs C. strikes D. turns 9.A. in B. to C. for D. on 10.A. negative B. explicit C. positive D. original 11.A. affected B. touched C. disconnected D. connected 12. A. One B. Other C. Another D. The other 13. A. presence B. switch C. control D. management 14.A. speed B. save C. ease D. solve 15.A. Beyond B. Except C. Without D. With 16.A. wrestling B. training C. popularizing D. socializing 17.A. calculating B. correcting C. assessing D. transmitting 18.A. However B. But C. Therefore D. Though 19.A. turn B. case C. way D. return 20.A. yet B. still C. just D. rather

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