针对多年以来托福考试的写作考试，在准备考试的过程中，大家可以从以下几个方面来搜集素材：学习、娱乐、网络、健康、环境和科技传媒。

当然这几方面还可以下分很多子方向。例如学习还可以细分为：学一科还是学多科、兴趣的重要性、读书的重要性等。

独立写作题型有以下几种：绝对词（最高级）、比较类、隐藏绝对词、三选一、四选一以及今昔对比类。其中比较类和绝对词（最高级）这两类写作题型出现得频率最高。

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　　1. engage: project-based learning
students go beyond the textbook to study complex topics based on real-world issues, such as the water quality in their communities or the history of their town, analyzing information from multiple sources, including the internet and interviews with experts. project-based class work is more demanding than traditional book-based instruction, where students may just memorize facts from a single source. instead, students utilize original documents and data, mastering principles covered in traditional courses but learning them in more meaningful ways. projects can last weeks; multiple projects can cover entire courses. student work is presented to audiences beyond the teacher, including parents and community groups.
reality check: at the clear view charter school, in chula vista, california, fourth- and fifth-grade students collected insect specimens, studied them under an electron microscope via a fiber-optic link to a nearby university, used internet resources for their reports, and discussed their findings with university entomologists.
重点搭配摘抄:
go beyond the textbook :超越课本
real-world issues ：现实世界的问题
presented s/th to the audiences ：向观众展示
traditional book-based instruction :传统书本教学
is more demanding than ：比另外一件事情更费力
memorize facts from a single source ：从单一的源头记忆事实
细节罗列：
the history of their town ：他们家乡的历史
water quality in their communities ：他们社区的水质量
analyzing information from multiple sources ：分析不同源头的信息
discussed their findings ：讨论他们的发现
collected insect specimens, studied them ：收集昆虫样本、研究他们
适用题目：
2011.7.23 ml
do you agree or disagree with the following statement: it is more effective for students to work in groups than by themselves.
the best way to improve the quality of education is to increase teacher's salaries.
2. connect: integrated studies
studies should enable students to reach across traditional disciplines and explore their relationships, like james burke described in his book connections. history, literature, and art can be interwoven and studied together. integrated studies enable subjects to be investigated using many forms of knowledge and expression, as literacy skills are expanded beyond the traditional focus on words and numbers to include graphics, color, music, and motion.
reality check: through a national project called nature mapping, fourth-grade students in rural washington learn reading, writing, mathematics, science, and technology use while searching for rare lizards.
重点搭配摘抄：
reach across traditional disciplines ：连接不同的学科
using many forms of knowledge and expression ：使用多种形式的知识和表达
graphics, color, music, and motion： 图标、颜色、音乐和手势
learn reading, writing, mathematics, science, and technology use ：
学习阅读、写作、数学、科学和科技的使用
适用题目：
should university students take classes in many subjects or specialize in one subject?
3. share: cooperative learning
working together on project teams and guided by trained teachers, students learn the skills of collaborating, managing emotions, and resolving conflicts in groups. each member of the team is responsible for learning the subject matter as well as helping teammates to learn. cooperative learning develops social and emotional skills, providing a valuable foundation for their lives as workers, family members, and citizens.
reality check: in eeva reeder's tenth-grade geometry class at mountlake terrace high school, near seattle, student teams design "schools of the future" while mentoring with local architects. they manage deadlines and resolve differences to produce models, budgets, and reports far beyond what an individual student could accomplish.
重点搭配摘抄:
learn the skills of collaborating, managing emotions, and resolving conflicts ：
学习合作、控制情绪、解决分歧等技能
is responsible for ：对xx负责
learning the subject matter ：学习主题；
helping teammates to learn ：帮助同伴学习
develops social and emotional skills ：朋友社交和控制情绪技能
providing a valuable foundation for their lives as workers, family members, and citizens：
为将来做员工、家庭成员和市民提供有价值的基础；
manage deadlines and resolve differences ：
掌控截止日期和解决分歧
far beyond what an individual student could accomplish：远远超越单个学生所有能成就的；
适用题目：
2011.7.23 ml
do you agree or disagree with the following statement: it is more effective for students to work in groups than by themselves.
some people think that it is an important part of a child's education to go on a field trip (for example, museums) while other people think a child's time is better spent learning in a classroom at school. what is your opinion?
4. expand: comprehensive assessment
assessment should be expanded beyond simple test scores to instead provide a detailed, continuous profile of student strengths and weaknesses. teachers, parents, and individual students can closely monitor academic progress and use the assessment to focus on areas that need improvement. tests should be an opportunity for students to learn from their mistakes, retake the test, and improve their scores.
reality check: at the key learning community, in indianapolis, teachers employ written rubrics to assess students' strengths and weaknesses using categories based on howard gardner's concept of multiple intelligences, including spatial, musical, and interpersonal skills.
重点搭配摘抄:
student strengths and weaknesses ：学生的优缺点
monitor academic progress ：监控成绩进展
be an opportunity for students ：对学生来是是个好机会
learn from their mistakes, retake the test, and improve their scores ：从犯下的错误中学习、重新考试同时提高成绩
适用题目：
some people prefer to write many short assignments for a semester, other prefer to write one or two long assignments for a semester. which do you prefer? explain why.
teachers
5. coach: intellectual and emotional guide
the most important role for teachers is to coach and guide students through the learning process, giving special attention to nurturing a student's interests and self-confidence. as technology provides more curricula, teachers can spend less time lecturing entire classes and more time mentoring students as individuals and tutoring them in areas in which they need help or seek additional challenges.
reality check: brooklyn fifth-grade teacher sarah button uses exercises and simulations from the resolving conflict creatively program with her students, helping them learn empathy, cooperation, positive expression of feelings, and appreciation of diversity.
重点搭配摘抄:
coach and guide students ：培训引导学生
giving special attention to ：对xx给予特别的关照；
nurturing a student's interests and self-confidence：培养学生兴趣和自信
seek additional challenges：寻求额外的挑战
learn empathy, cooperation, positive expression of feelings, and appreciation of diversity ：学习同理心、合作、正向情感表达和感激多元化；
适用题目：
2012-05-26 ml ? 2012-05-26 na? 2012.8.4na
in the past, teachers have a greater impact on students than nowadays.