马桥红柳
考研英语写作——议论文三大高分句式
考研英语作文在考研英语考试中占据了30分的比例，是不容忽视的重要部分。根据《考研英语大纲》对英语作文这一部分的要求，对于“语言”的要求放在了第一位，即：语言第一，内容第二，思想第三。各位考研勇士要想在这一部分胜出，就必须在语言的“精美度”上下功夫，用高质量的语言吸引阅卷人的眼球，获得高分。建议大家时刻培养“亮点设置”意识，在考研作文中设置“语言亮点”，从而为斩获高分打下坚实的基础。本文将为广大考研同学介绍考研写作的三大高分句式——短句拉长，插入语和并列修辞。
高分句式一 —— 短句拉长
在考研英语作文中，任何短句都可以拉长为长句，而且，从理论上讲，一个句子的长度可以是无限的，但是出于实际情况，大家要学会写有限度的长句。
虽然《考试大纲》没有明确规定考研作文中长句的长度和数量，但2014考研是基于考研作文实战的需要，考生需要有一种“长句设置”意识，即通过在文中设置若干个长句，向阅卷者展示考生对于复杂语言的掌握能力，从而征服阅卷者的心，获得满意的分数。
短句拉长的写作要领：
名词：+形容词，+同位语，+定语从句
动词：+状语(时间、地点、目的、方式)
例句实战：
例1、Officials have built highways.(4个单词)
In recent years, the responsible, hard-working and warm-hearted officials have built a great number of highways which have brought much convenience to the local citizens. (拉长后25单词)
例1中短句拉长的步骤：
1)在句首，加上时间状语in recent yeas
2)在名词officials前面加上responsible, hard-working, warm-hearted 三个形容词修饰它
3)在名词highways 后面加上定语从句which have brought much convenience to the local citizens.
例2、Factories have discharged gas and liquid.(6个单词)
In the developed areas, the newly-built chemical factories have discharged harmful and even poisonous gas and liquid which had a seriously negatively impact on the surrounding environment.(拉长后31个单词)
例2中短句拉长的步骤：
1) 在句首，加上地点状语in the developed areas
2) 在名词factories前面加上两个修饰形容词newly-built和chemical
3) 在名词gas and liquid 后面上加上一教育学考研个定语从句which had a seriously negatively impact on the surrounding environment.
高分句式二——插入语
增加句式复杂性的另外一种方法就是使用插入语。中国学生写的英语句子喜欢一通到底，没有任何语气的间歇，像一根笔直的竹竿，因此笔者称之为“竹竿句”。而英美人士写的句子则不同，他们偏爱插入语，通过插入语表现出作者语气的间歇和停顿。有了插入语，读者眼中的句子有一种跌宕起伏的感觉，这种句子像海浪一起忽起忽落，笔者称这种句子为“海浪句”。试比较：
Ancient men made tools of stone. For instance, they always used flint because it is easier to shape than other kinds. (不使用插入语)
Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because it is easier to shape than other kinds. (使用插入语)
我们用图形表示这两个句子，如下：
第一句： 竹竿句
however especial
第二句： 海浪句
由此我们看出：地道的英语句子要写得跌宕起伏。
考研的同学要在语言上下功夫，就必须学会写作“海浪句”，从而使得自己的作文“波涛汹涌，错落有致”。
插入语的写作要领：
1)插入语可以是一个词，一个短语，或者一个句子。
2)插入语两边分别用逗号，跟其他成分隔开。
3)插入语最好放在主语之后，便于掌握。
例1：副词插入——frankly, especially, fortunately, indeed, however
“坦率地说，旅游可以促进国家之间的相互了解。”
Tourism, frankly, may promote the mutual understanding among nations.
例2：短语插入语 ——generally speaking(总的来说), to tell the truth(老实说), in a sense(在某种意义上讲)，in a word (总而言之), strange to say(说来奇怪)
“总而言之，家长不该无视电脑游戏对小孩的副作用。”
Parents, in a word, should never lose sight of the side-effects of computer games on their children.
例3：短句插入语——I suppose, as I see it, I believe, what is important(重要的是).
“重要的是，环境对人的性格有深远影响。”
Personality, what is important, has a far-reaching influence on one’s personality.
高分句式三——并列修辞
请大家欣赏历史上最精彩的三个并列修辞句式：
凯撒：I came, I saw, I conquered.
(我来了，我看到了，我征服了。)
培根：Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.
(学习可以怡情，可以博采，可以长才)考研英语写作名师之作
林肯的政治抱负：a government of the people, by the people and for the people.
(民有，民治，民享的政府)
历史上，名人使用并列修辞写出了千古名句，流芳百世；今天，我们也可以使用并列修辞写出精彩句式，创造作文高分奇迹。
并列修辞的写作要领：
用and或者or 连接两个词性相同，意思相近的单词，就构成了并列修辞。
比如：give support and assistance to…
…benefit from the education and instruction.
…develop and promote the economic growth.
并列修辞实战举例：
1)The American girl，dressed in traditional Chinese costume and ornaments，indicates and symbolizes the multinational communication of cultures and customs.(选自2002年考研作文真题，一句话包含三处并列修辞)
2)It goes without saying that the drawings aim at revealing a common and serious problem in China: how to educate and cultivate the young. Let’s take a closer look at the drawings. In an ideal condition, the flower blooms. But when moved out of the green house, it perishes under the rain and storm. It is obvious that the flower in greenhouse can’t withstand wind and rains.(选自2003年考研作文真题，一个段落包含四处并列修辞)
“亮点句式”是考研阅卷人定档次，给分数的主要凭据，所以同学们应该有意识的多训练自己“亮点句式”的写作。如果能将本文介绍的“三大亮点句式”天衣无缝地设置在考研作文当中，整篇作文就会看起来“星光闪闪”“炫人眼目”，教育学考研那么，获得高分也就是水到渠成事情了。预祝同学们金榜题名！
二、热点句型
1.If you want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one of your ambitions, you must work hard, exert efforts and get prepared. Otherwise, you will take no advantage of opportunities when they come to visit you.
如果你想取得成就或实现你的雄心壮志，就必须努力工作，艰苦奋斗，作好准备。负责，即使机遇来临你也无法利用。
2.Today an increasing number of people have realized that legal education is of great importance. In order to keep public order, everyone of us is supposed to get legal education.
现在，愈来愈多的人认识到了法制教育的重要性。为了维护公共考研 钻石卡秩序，我们每个人都应接受法制教育。
3.Many things contribute to success. Of all these factors, willpower, courage, and confidence are the most important.
能否获得成功取决于许多因素，最重要的是坚强的意志、勇气和自信。
4.The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.
最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。
5.To survive and succeed in the 21st century, the cross-century talents should have good education backgrounds. 要在21世纪里不被淘汰且有所成就，垮世纪人才应该是受过良好教育的人。
6. Computers are playing a very important role in our life. With the help of computers, workers can produce more products, scientists can do research work more efficiently, and students can get information more quickly.
计算机在我们生活的各个方面都起着重要作用。有了计算机的帮助，工人可以生产更多的产品，科学家可以更高效地做研究，学生可以更快的查到信息。
7.An investigation shows that female workers tend to have favorable attitude toward retirement.
一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。
8.At the same time, young people should be encouraged to communicate with their peers and develop their interpersonal skills, which may help them greatly to reduce dependence on their parents and are essential in maintenance of healthy mental condition.
同时，应鼓励年轻人和他们的同龄人交往，发展他们的交际能力，这将帮助他们极大地减少对父母的依赖并且保持健康的精神状态。
9.常用的写作句型套路：
1）定义法
Honesty refers to the quality of a person who tells the truth and works without cheating. Honesty is regarded as the most important virtue admired everywhere.
诚实指人们讲真话、在工作中不欺诈的品质。诚实被认为是无时无地万学海文都受到尊敬的美德。
2）对比法
Those who oppose this phenomenon argue that it brings a great burden and pressure to the family, and for students they cannot adapt to the new culture very quickly. But people who are in favor of such behavior maintain that children will be more competitive and well repaid in the future life. 反对这一现象的人认为它给家庭带来了巨大的负担和压力，对学生而言他们不能很快地适应新文化。但是赞成这一行为的人认为孩子在未来会更具有竞争力并得到回报。
3）There be 结构
There is no sense in leaving important decisions to inexperienced people.
把重要的决定留给没经验的人去做作是毫无道理的。
4）It结构
It is certain that fresh air and exercises are more valuable than medicine.
毫无疑问的是呼吸新鲜的空气和锻炼比吃药很可贵。
5）表示结果
Too much work and too little rest may lead to loss of heath.
过度工作，极少休息会损害健康。
6）表条件
Without a degree and with no experience in teaching, her chance of getting the job is slim.
没有文凭，没有教学经验，她得到这份工作的机会微乎其微。
10.Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in the job market.
成千上万的人们不得不花费更多的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识，以使自己在就业考研英语市场保持优势。
范文：Generation gap between parents and children
Nowadays , there are more and more
misunderstanding between parents and children which is so- called generation
gap . It is estimated that (75 percentages of parents often complain their
children’s unreasonable behavior while children usually think their parents too
old fashioned).
Why have there been so much misunderstanding
between parents and children? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows .
The first one is that ( the two generations,
having grown up at different times, have different likes and dislikes , thus
the disagreement often rises between them) . Besides (due to having little in
common to talk about , they are not willing to sit face to face ) . The third
reason is (with the pace of modern life becoming faster and faster , both of
them are so busy with their work or study that they don’t spare enough time to
exchange ideas ).To sum up ,the main cause of XX is due to ( lake of
communication and understanding each other) .
It is high time that something were done upon
it. For one thing (children should respect their parents ). On the other hand ,
( parents also should show solicitude for their children). All these measures
will certainly bridge the generation gap .
