作文一:《《上海的弄堂》说课稿》2600字
《上海的弄堂》说课稿
《上海的弄堂》说课稿
一、教材分析:
1、教材的地位和作用:
《上海的弄堂》是选自高中语文第一册读本的一篇写景散文,供学生在必修课文后的拓展阅读。高中语文散文单元的主要教学任务是在整体把握的基础上,品味其语言,体会其情感。高中语文阅读的主要目的是培养学生的审美情趣,增强文学素养文学品味,提高学生的审美能力。
《上海的弄堂》是一篇带着浓郁人文气息的优美写景散文,作者从静态的呆板的上海弄堂着笔,展现了其生活化,人情化的一面。作者用人情化的笔触,展现了上海弄堂丰富的声色,动人的情态,沧桑的历史。文章脉络清晰,语言生动形象。这应该也是本文的特色所在,所以我放弃了面面俱到,而是用一节课的教学着重引导学生抓住上海弄堂的主要特色,并通过对语言人性化、生动形象特色的欣赏体味来感受作者对上海弄堂的深情。
2、教学目标的确立:
高中阅读中筛选信息能力的培养是很重要的一个要求,且本文脉络条理较清晰;同时高中散文阅读中要求学生能欣赏语言美,感悟作者情感。高一学生散文阅读的能力有待逐步提高,因此我较基础地将课堂教学目标定为以下三点:
① 通过学习本文,了解上海弄堂的特点,培养学生筛选信息的能力。
② 学习本文赋予弄堂人性化,语言生动形象的特点。
③ 体会品味文中作者对上海弄堂的深情。
3、教学重点、难点:
根据学习目标及学生散文学习的能力状况,我确定了以下教学重难点:
教学重点:筛选主要信息,了解上海弄堂的特点。
教学难点:引导学生通过对本文生动形象的语言,及作者对上海弄堂人性化的描写进行欣赏,感受弄堂特色,进而体会作者对弄堂的深情。
二、教学方法:
1、朗读法:
本文篇幅较长,不宜全篇诵读。但语言生动形象且感情深浓,又必须通过诵读来体味感受;同时筛选主要信息也需要阅读,所以我设计运用自读、速读,带感情地片段朗读等多种朗读形式进行有目的的、重点的朗读。
2、欣赏交流法:
散文的语言往往渗透作者情感,本文也是一样,且语言生动、形象,充满人性化,因此对语言的赏析就必不可少。学生可以通过赏析语言把文章中丰富的语言成分充分运用到自己的作文中去,又可以深入体会作者情感,一举两得。据此,我在课堂教学中设置了一个对语言进行赏析交流的环节。
三、课时安排:
一课时
四、教学过程:
本课的教学流程设计为五个环节。
(一) 导语设计:
由旗袍和晚礼服的形象比喻导入,既能提起学生学习的兴趣,又能引发学生对陈旧旗袍价
值的思考。由此引导学生对上海弄堂这件旧旗袍的欣赏兴趣。由形象思维导入,符合学生认知规律。
(二) 整体感知,抓住景物特点:
这个环节主要是通过快速阅读课文,培养学生筛选重要信息的能力。由于本文脉络清晰,因此学生应该可以较轻松把握。
首先,请学生快速浏览课文,粗线条的把握内容,抓住文中所描述的上海弄堂几方面的特点。
然后,细读课文,找出这些特点的具体体现。
通过以上两个步骤,让学生对上海弄堂有了一个较全面较细致较感性的认识,接下来解决对文章景物描写后体现的情感的感悟就顺利成章了。
(三) 通过欣赏语言体味深情:
在这一环节我设计了由景到语言再到情感,步步深入、环环相扣的4个步骤:
1、找一找文中哪些描写让我们发现了上海弄堂的可亲可爱。这一环节充分调动学生的自动性,体会本文生动形象,人性化的语言。
2、交流欣赏后,选择某些典型句子或段落进行有感情的朗读。这一环节的设计主要通过朗读引导学生对作者情感进行把握、体会。
3、归纳文中作者对上海弄堂所寄予的赞许、宠爱、宽容的深情。
(四) 课堂小结:
由作者展现的独具风情的上海弄堂世界,启发我们对历史痕迹弃存的思考。
(五) 布置作业:
1、做个生活的有心人,找一找我们生活中这样看似格格不入,却有历史价值的所在,并用300字左右来谈一谈你的独特感受。
该题的设计一方面引发学生对历史痕迹的深思,另一方面也可以引导学生将课堂所学,如人性化的语言等,运用到自己平时的写作中去。
2、推荐阅读:王安忆《长恨歌》。
这一题的设计主要是拓展学生课外阅读,加深学生对王安忆的了解,对其手笔的了解。 附板书设计:
壮观:深渊一般的暗
上海的弄堂 形形种种,声色各异:美丽 赞许、宠爱、宽容
性感:噬骨的感动
涌动着的流言:真情 人性化
《假如给我三天光明》教案
教学目标:
1、调动多种朗读手段,品味本文洗练、流畅、优美的语言。
2、深入思考和领悟文章中的名言警句所蕴含的人生哲理,从中获得有益的启迪。
3、体会作者对光明的渴望之情和对待生命的积极态度,感受海伦凯勒的精神世界,进而热爱生活、珍惜生命。
教学重难点:
1、正确理解作者对“明眼人”等健康人的“批评”言辞。
2、领会文中关键句反复出现的作用。
教学课时:2课时
课前预习:疏通字词;熟读课文;读《一个伟大的女性》了解作者
教学时间:4月2、3日
教学过程:
一、导入
1、你知道海伦凯勒吗?
2、请你用几个形容词来评价一下海伦凯勒。(坚强、好学等)
3、海伦凯勒的故事给你感受最深的是什么?为什么?
二、朗读课文,整体感知
1、多形式朗读课文
2、圈划语句,感知课文
A文中作者列举了大多数人的生活态度是怎样的?
圈划文中的句子:饱食终日、无所事事、怠倦、视而不见听而不闻、无鉴赏之心、熟视无睹、淡漠、平庸、麻木、呆滞
B作者认为大多数人产生这种悲剧性的人生态度的原因是什么?
a对时间的错觉,总觉得未来的日子还很多
b对自身拥有的天赋及器官的怠倦,只有等到生命快要失去,等到天赋快要丧失,器官快要退化或损坏,才知道它的可贵。
C海伦凯勒在文中表达了怎样的生活态度?从中可以看出作者怎样的内心世界?
明确:生活态度是:珍惜活着的每一天,享受生命的美好,不虚度光阴,不浪费天赋
内心世界:有一颗火热的心,她一直都在用心地生活,一直都在用心地感知。很珍惜自己活着的每一天。
3、再读课文,深化拓展
A海伦凯勒为什么要提出“假如给我三天光明”这个问题?
目的在于警醒人们珍爱时光、珍爱生命,珍惜已经拥有的一切
B海伦凯勒精神力量的源泉是什么?
源泉是渴求光明、珍爱生命、战胜困苦、善待生命
C再读课文,选择最能引发思考的警句,并说说你从中得到了哪些感悟和启示?
4、练一练
文章结尾处,海伦提出了三个问题,你将如何作答?
请将答案写在课堂作业本上
5、作业布置
A完成《点击》;
B海伦凯勒说:“一旦失去了的东西,人们才会留恋它。”请以此为话题,写一篇作文,题目自拟;
C推荐阅读海伦凯勒的作品:《我生命的故事》、《我所生活的世界》、《从黑暗中出来》、《我的信仰》等。
作文二:《上海的弄堂》1200字
上海,中国大陆第一大城市;上海,四个中央直辖市之一;上海,是中国大陆的经济、金融、贸易和航运中心;上海,创造和打破了中国世界纪录协会多项世界之最、中国之最;上海,位于我国大陆海岸线中部的长江口,拥有中国最大的外贸港口、最大的工业基地……? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? 这就是外人印象,是外人心目中至高无上的上海。但是,我,一个上海人,一直记得:上海——我的家乡。? ? 无论它有多么繁华,无论它的经济怎么昌盛,它是终始是我们上海人的家乡,我最熟悉的地方,能带给我亲切的城市。因为,它是我的家乡。? ? 不少人以为,上海,是一座快节奏的城市,这点,无容置疑。但是,我想说的是,上海,最起码不是机械化的城市。? ? 要问上海的标志是什么,只有真正的上海人才能回答你。是豪华壮丽的洋房,还是人流如潮的商场?不,这些只是躯壳。上海的标志,没有仍何的富丽堂皇,只不过是那一条条弄堂。? ? 的确,上海没有小城流水,也不是风景宜人,但是,它拥有的,不仅仅是繁华商业,还有那朴实的弄堂。? ?? ? 那一条条铺满大街小巷的弄堂,能唤醒老一辈人最真挚的记忆,能使我回忆起最美好的童年。弄堂,带给我们的——是无尽的联想。? ?徘徊在这弄堂中,我依稀记得小时候在外婆家老房子里的生活,一草一木,一点一滴。? ? 弄堂口,那棵白玉兰树,很美。每逢三月,白色的花瓣纷纷扬扬地飘落下来,给大地铺上了一层白地毯。晨曦中,玉兰披上一袭轻纱,霞光轻抹,像是雪花缀满枝头,这般的晶莹洁白;像是白云在此逗留,如此的婀娜多姿。喔,她比雪花更圣洁,比白云更端庄-----美丽的小花。那时的我喜欢在树下散步,让思绪沉淀,抑是在绿荫下奔跑,挥洒自己的汗水,白色的裙子与白茫茫的枝头相融合,我喜欢树枝摇曳的旋律。玉兰树——弄堂口最靓丽的风景。? ?? ? 那时,我和姐姐很顽皮,背着外婆两个人出去玩。夕阳西下,我们早已满头大汗,坐在只比我大两岁的姐姐的自行车后面,准备回家。可是,在一条条错综复杂的弄堂中,七八岁的姐姐难免头昏眼花,我们无法找到回家的路,于是,只好在原地哭泣。邻家哥哥下班回来,看见在原地啜泣的我们,笑着刮了刮我们的鼻梁,柔声说:“小家伙们,找不到路了吧,走,我带你们回去!”说着,递给我和姐姐两块糖吃,我们只是傻傻地点头,紧握着阿姨的手,跟在她后面走着,终于找到了回家的路。回家后,当然会遭外婆训斥,但是仍然是快乐的。平淡的生活——弄堂里最深的感情。? ?? ? 这只是关于弄堂的一段记忆,还有很多很多,回想时依旧甜蜜,我会微笑。? ? 城市的霓虹灯是多么多而杂乱,水泥高墙是多么拥挤不堪,人群快速地穿梭在头顶红绿灯交替的空隙处,日复一日,年复一年,都是忙忙碌碌。弄堂,同样城市的一角,它带给我的气氛,没有了世俗的喧闹,即使有几声自行车铃声,也是如此的动听。典雅,可以说是弄堂的特征。? ? 朦胧中,弄堂的影子又在我脑海中浮现……? ??? ? ?——End
作文三:《上海的弄堂》23300字
上海弄堂
罗小未
“薏米杏仁莲心粥!”
“玫瑰白糖伦教糕!”
“虾肉馄饨面!”
“五香茶叶蛋!”
这是鲁迅先生在《弄堂生意古今谈》中怀念20年代他初到上海时闸北一带弄堂内外叫卖零食的声音。他认为那些口号既漂亮又具艺术性,使人“一听到就有谗涎欲滴之慨”。
“弄堂”是上海人对里弄的俗称,“里弄房子”就是弄堂建筑。在弄堂里除了有叫卖零食点心之外,还有叫卖青菜、豆腐、瓜菜、鸡蛋的,时而还有活鸡活鸭;每隔几天还有把服务送上门的修理棕棚、补皮鞋与弹棉花胎之类。他们各行业有各自的呼唤声调,使人一听便知道是什么行业的人来了。此外,还有算命的、化缘的;晚上,当夜深人静时还有声调凄凉的卖炒白果与卖长锭的,更有使人毛骨悚然的为家中病孩招魂的长嚎声。由于弄堂房子家家户户紧挨着,共同分享屋前屋后的弄堂,平时出入照面时常会打个招呼或寒暄几句。一有叫卖声,抱有共同兴趣的主妇就会应声而出,于是对货色评头论足、讨价还价、交流观点之声不绝。更有借此机会交头接耳,交换东家或西家的最新信息,把本来要卖东西的原意也忘掉了。它的优点是这里的生活富于邻里感,邻居相互帮助,亲如一家特别是所谓上海人其实多为外来人,“远亲不如近邻”在这里最能体现。缺点是,“对于靠笔墨为生的人们,却有一点害处,假如你还没有练到?心如古井?,就可以被闹得整天整夜写不出什么东西来”(鲁迅,同上文)。此外,在大型的弄堂里,居民鱼龙混杂、人各有志,接近了就难免会生是非,一不小心就会惹出各种各样的弄堂风波来。人们常说上海人善于处世、门槛精,可能与从小就处在这个微妙的小社会里,接受这个小社会关于人际关系的教育有关。
弄堂与弄堂房子是上海开埠后的土产。起初英国人只许中国人在租界工作,不同意居住。后来发现要发挥上海可能成为都市的潜力,仅仅靠那些为数不多的外侨(1865年在法租界的外侨为460人,英租界可能多一些)是不行的。那时恰逢太平天国运动进入江南(1853年),大量富有与中产阶级的中国难民要求移入,于是租界当局顺水推舟,公开向中国居民开放。为了便于管理,便在指定的地块上兴建大批集体住宅。房子为立帖式结构,像兵营一样联立成行,并由行列组成网络,对内交通自如,对外只有总弄才能到达马路,弄口设铁门,可以随时启闭。没有想到,这种原本始于方便管理、统一建造的集体住宅很快便发展成为综合有东西方居住特色的上海弄堂,并在随后的几十年中成为上海经济活动中最活跃与规模最大的房地产业的中坚。大规模建造的弄堂房子不仅租界有,华界亦有。至于它们的类型与各类型
的特色,这里就不赘述了,但从解放前上海418.94万的居民来看,除了少数的外侨胞与中国富人(约占5%)住的花园住宅,与100余万贫民住在城市边沿用草、竹、芦苇搭成的棚屋之外,绝大多数居民,包括中国与外侨的白领阶层均住在各式弄堂中,总面积达两千余万平方米。无怪只要居高临下,尽目所及是一片片栉比鳞次、
此起彼伏、像波浪似的各式弄堂的屋面。
建筑是社会生活的镜子,居住建筑尤其这样。在上海能住得上弄堂的,至少也得是有固定收入者,否则无法交付每月到期必须缴纳的房租与房捐(或称巡捕捐、绿衣捐)。在旧上海,不交房钿就要迁出,这是天经
地义的事。
既然社会是分层次的,弄堂也有高、中、低之分。不同级别的弄堂房子在质量上虽有差别,但更重要的是地段。一般来说,位于闸北、南市的较差,虹口稍微好些,静安寺路(今南京西路)与霞飞路(今淮海路)一带最好。故上海有“上只角”、“下只角”之称谓,“上只角”指城市西区的高级住宅,两“角”的房租可以差三四倍以上。南京路中心地段的弄堂在早期时曾因其商业的价值而兴旺,它们是上海最早的“商住楼”。当时无论是广邦或宁邦的“字号”(进出口行)均集中于此。这些房子常为“三上三下”或“五上五下”,开间较大,前店后屋或下店上屋,前面的天井可作临时货栈之用,后来还有可供职工居住的“后楼”。30年代,随着进出口业体制的更新与新型办公楼的兴建,这些弄堂逐渐沦为居住条件较差之列。
弄堂的级别还反映在弄堂里的生活与文化中。“倘若走进住家的弄堂里去,就看见便溺器、吃食担,苍蝇成群的在飞,孩子成队的在闹,有剧烈的捣乱,有发达的骂詈,真是一个乱哄哄的小世界。”(《上海儿童》)这无疑是鲁迅先生对低级弄堂的写照。在这样的弄堂里,居民为了减轻房租负担或干脆想通过房子来赚钱,总是把多余的房间分租出去,自己当起“二房东”来。也有索性把房子横七竖八地划分为小间,上面还要搭上阁楼,出租给外地到上海来谋生或逃难的人。因而这里人口密度高、成份杂、居住条件恶劣、是非多。讽刺剧《七十二家房客》就出于此。另外,本文之初谈及的邻里感特强的弄堂可能属于中级或低级。这里也有“二房东”和“三房客”,但房东对房客是有所选择的。有趣的是,当时许多为了逃避内地白色恐怖而躲到上海来的进步文人大多落脚在此类弄堂中的亭子间,于是出现了我国近代文学史中的一个小派别“亭子间文学”。“亭子间文学”并非描写亭子间,而是这些住在朝北的、看不到阳光的、东冷夏热的亭子间中的文人,在苛刻的生活条件下写出来的现实主义进步文学。今天当人们怀念邻里感时,常常会把上海的弄堂同邻里感捆在一起,其实并不尽然。看来越是高级的弄堂,其人际关系也就越是淡漠。在那些寂静而优雅的高级弄堂里,除了有三五个男孩在那里玩耍外,很少有人在此停步。偶尔有三两个人聚在一起低声谈话则大多为某家的“娘姨”(保姆)或“大师傅”(厨师)。假如哪能一扇门忽然开了在迎宾或送客,甚至有些不寻常的活动时,人们也只是装成漫不经心地遥望着,不会去围观。
有些大型的,拥有数百户甚至成千户的弄堂,俨然就像一个城中之城。里面有杂货店、小吃店、理发店、裁缝店,甚至还有工厂。上海的“弄堂工厂”是上海工业与文化的一大特色。这些厂长大多为技术工人出身,带着几个徒弟,运用大厂扔下的边脚料或下脚货,经过因材施用,精心设计,认真制作。竟造出许多人们生活的必需品,并在小商品市场中占着重要席位。解放后的上钢八厂便是以几个“弄堂工厂”为基础发展起来的。
上海弄堂还有一个特产,就是“弄堂公馆”。过去在鱼龙混杂、尔虞我诈的旧上海中, 人们必须学会一套自我保护的方法,“弄堂公馆”就是其一。当时,有些富人在为自己建造大公馆时,不是堂而皇之把公馆建在大街上而是先在基地沿马路一带建一个弄堂,用以出租;自己的公馆则建在弄堂末端,隐蔽起来。这些公馆规模不小,内部考究,但在外型上却同周围的弄堂房子差不多。这说明上海人在住房问题上是同西方人与内地富绅不同的。
弄堂是上海的特产,是属于上海人的。它记载了上海的故事,反映了上海人的文化、生活方式与心态。上海有各式弄堂房子,每种是上海作为一个整体的一个部分。阅读上海弄堂,就如阅读上海与上海人的社会历史。
目前,尽管上海近几年的住宅建设年达1000余万平方米,但尚有45%左右的人住在旧社会遗留下来的弄堂中。当今,在上海正在进行着的大规模的城市改造中,有些质量较佳的弄堂将予保留或在保留中进行改造,有些危房简屋或居住条件恶劣的将予拆除改造。在此大发展与大变化的时刻,检讨一下上海弄堂同上海人与上海文化的关系是很有意思的。
Longtangs in Shanghai
Luo Xiaowei
" Jobs tears seed, almond and lotus seed congee!"
" Rose chip and white sugared rice cake!"
" Shrimp meat wun-tun (dumpling) with noodle! "
Fragrantly spiced egg boiled in tea 1eaf!" These were the hawking of snacks in longtangs around Zhabei district. that Lu Xun, the great writer, recalled in his essay "Business in Longtangs of the Past and Present", at the time of his first arrival at Shanghai by the 1920s. The great writer remarked that this kind of hawking was both attractive and artistic, which made people's mouth feel watery while hearing it.
Longtang is the local term used by Shanghai people for lilong. As "long" means a lane and "tang" means an important build1ng or the front room of a house, "longtang" either means a 1ane that connects houses or a group of houses connected by lanes. According to elucidation, "longtang" might not so explicit as "Lilong"is, for the "Li" in "lilong" means neighbourhood , and people living in a longtang are actually living in a neighbourhood , but it is understandable.
In longtangs, besides hawkings of snack there were hawkings of vegetable , fruit ,bean curd ,melon and egg, even live chicken and duck; sometimes. Once or twice in a week ,there would be hawking or rendering services, such as repairing shoes, mending coir ropes stretched on wooden bed frames or flicking of cotton quilt to make it fluffy .Every sort of trades would
have their own melodic tune in hawking, people could identify them without stepping out to see, Apart from them, there were fortune-tellers and those begged for alms. Sometimes, in the still of the night. There were shrill hawkings of selling fried ginkgo or selling tin foils for the use of burning to the dead, occasionally there even were melancholy howlings for calling back the soul of a sick child. The houses in 1ongtangs, generally two storied, are proximately attached to each other in rows, sharing the same front and back lanes. People living along the same lane had the habit of nodding or greeting each other when passing by, some even had the mood to chat a little while. Once a hawking was heard, housewives of the same interest would e out, they mented and exchanged opinions on the quality of the goods and bargained or help their neighbour to bargain with the peddler, some of them also took this opportunity to gossip and exchange heresays
of the neighbourhood forgetting what they intended to buy, The advantages of the longtang life lie in the good neighbourhood relationship, "good neighbours are more helpful than far away relatives" proved to be true in Shanghai. For most of the Shanghai peop1e at that time actually came from other places or cities. However the shorting was, as cited by Lu Xun in ditto essay,"...... for those who make a living on writing, if they fail in training themselves to be as calm as an ancient well, owing to the noise outside. They can write nothing." Moreover, in large longtangs different sorts of people and people with different interest mixed together
,frequent contacts occasionally wou1d result in trouble and disputes. Shanghai people are often considered to be ones who are keen on conducting business. smooth in social contact and good in dealing with money. This probably due to the fact that many people of this city lived in such a delicate
society of langtang since their childhood and consistently receiving education of handling relationship among different people.
Longtang and the longtang houses were native products of Shanghai soon after the city was forced to be opened to the West as a treaty port. At
the beginning. Chinese were not allowed to live in the foreign concessions. Later on the British found that relying on the small sum of Western residents at that time would not be able to tap the big potentiality of Shanghai being a metropolis. At the same time, incessant civil wars in China made a large number of wealthy Chinese refugees request to move into the foreign concessions. Then the authorities agreed to have them opened to the Chinese. But for the sake of management, large amount of collective dwellings were built in designate lots of land enclosed by walls .The house, similar in design as the English terrace house, but to suit the Chinese
way of living are surrounded by house-walls including a courtyard at front. They were arranged in line like barracks, row after row and could easily
be accessed by sub-lanes connected to the main-lane, while only the main-lane could lead to the city road outside through an iron grille gate. Nobody had the idea at that time that such a type of housing built at first for
the convenience of management, had later became the main and typical type of housing in Shanghai, and finally turned to be the most active and important part of real estate business which had been the leading business of all
of Shanghai's economic activities for the following decades of years. Large numbers of longtangs were built not only in the foreign concessions but also in the Chinese quarter around the concessions ,their tota1 appearance made up the general physiognomy of the city of Shanghai, During the 1940s, out of 4.1894 millions of population in Shanghai. except those very rich (accounting 5% ) and those very poor (about one million), the majority of population. Nearly three millions, including white--collar Western and Chinese residents, lived in various types of longtangs. Even now although
many of them are demolished when one stands high up looking over from above,
what he can see are waves of the roof of longtang one after the other.
Architecture, especially residential architecture, is the mirror of social life. In old Shanghai those who could live in a longtang house could only be people with fixed ine. They had to be able to pay the monthly rent and tax for the house, in this case called the police tax. In the foreign concession ,if one falled in payment, he must move out right away. Since the society was dividedinto different strata. the longtang houses were also classified into high, medium and low. Different ranks of longtang houses were indeed different in construction quality. but more ever were different in location, The longtang houses in Zhabei and Nanshi Districts were the lowest in rank, while those in Hongkou District were better, but
those located along Bubbling well Road (Now Nanjing Road West) and Avenue Joffre (now Huihai Road)were the highest. There used to be what so called the 'Upper Corner' and the "Lower Corner- of Shanghai, the "Upper" was referred to the best of location denoted above. and the "Lower" to the
lower and lowest rank of location, The rent of houses in the two "Corners" could differ as much as to four or more than ten times .At the early stage, even the Chinese mercial buildings. such as banks, shops or the import and export firms managed by traders from Guangdong and Ningbo also took the form of longtang but on a larger scale. They usually had three or five front rooms on both first and second floors with a courtyard in the middle and back rooms behind. While the lower floor was for business, the upper floor for living, the back rooms in the first floor used as dormitories
for employees and the courtyard a makeshift storage. It was up to the 1930s, improvement of business systems and many new buildings for office use were huilt then this sort of longtang gradual1y turned into residential use.
The difierence of ranks of longtang cou1d also be reflected in the life-style and culture in them. If you enter a longtang you will find urinals, snack stalls, flies flying in hordes, children fighting in groups, fierce turbulences and sharp curses. What a disorderly small world!" This was what Lu Xun wrote in his essay, "Children in Shanghai" to depict a longtang of the lowest class. Residents of such sort of longtang , in order to lessen the burden of ' rents or to earn some extra money, usually lot out their surplus rooms to others and became an "ni vang dong" (literary a second landlord--a sublessors). Some even divided their houses into many small rooms, or built attics above and had them let to people who came to Shanghai to make a living or to take refuge. Thus the longtang became very crowded, bad ill living condition and frequent disputes occurred. A satirical play entltled
"72 Tenants"did give a vivid description of this sort of longtong. ln longtangs of the middle and middle-lower classes, there were also some "ni vang dong" and "san vang ke" (those who rented their rooms from the sublessor), but the 'ni fang dong" here would choose their tenants. It is interesting to
what he can see are waves of the roof of longtang one after the other.
Architecture, especially residential architecture, is the mirror of social
life. In old Shanghai those who could live in a longtang house could only be people with fixed ine. They had to be able to pay the monthly rent and tax for the house, in this case called the police tax. In the foreign
concession ,if one falled in payment, he must move out right away. Since the society was dividedinto different strata. the longtang houses were
also classified into high, medium and low. Different ranks of longtang
houses were indeed different in construction quality. but more ever were
different in location, The longtang houses in Zhabei and Nanshi Districts were the lowest in rank, while those in Hongkou District were better, but
those located along Bubbling well Road (Now Nanjing Road West) and Avenue Joffre (now Huihai Road)were the highest. There used to be what so called the 'Upper Corner' and the "Lower Corner- of Shanghai, the "Upper" was referred to the best of location denoted above. and the "Lower" to the
lower and lowest rank of location, The rent of houses in the two "Corners" could differ as much as to four or more than ten times .At the early stage, even the Chinese mercial buildings. such as banks, shops or the import and export firms managed by traders from Guangdong and Ningbo also took the form of longtang but on a larger scale. They usually had three or five front rooms on both first and second floors with a courtyard in the middle and back rooms behind. While the lower floor was for business, the upper floor for living, the back rooms in the first floor used as dormitories
for employees and the courtyard a makeshift storage. It was up to the 1930s, improvement of business systems and many new buildings for office use were huilt then this sort of longtang gradual1y turned into residential use.
The difierence of ranks of longtang cou1d also be reflected in the life-style and culture in them. If you enter a longtang you will find urinals, snack
stalls, flies flying in hordes, children fighting in groups, fierce turbulences and sharp curses. What a disorderly small world!" This was what Lu Xun wrote in his essay, "Children in Shanghai" to depict a longtang of the
lowest class. Residents of such sort of longtang , in order to lessen the
burden of ' rents or to earn some extra money, usually lot out their surplus rooms to others and became an "ni vang dong" (literary a second landlord--a sublessors). Some even divided their houses into many small rooms, or built attics above and had them let to people who came to Shanghai to make a living or to take refuge. Thus the longtang became very crowded, bad ill
living condition and frequent disputes occurred. A satirical play entltled
"72 Tenants"did give a vivid description of this sort of longtong. ln longtangs of the middle and middle-lower classes, there were also some "ni vang dong" and "san vang ke" (those who rented their rooms from the sublessor), but the 'ni fang dong" here would choose their tenants. It is interesting to
note that many progressive literary men from interior China at that time
lived in the "tingzijian", a small back room ill a 1ongtang house, which
is old in the winter and hot in the summer.This evolved the so ca1led "Tingzijian Literature" in the history of modern 1iterature of China. "Tingzijian Literature" is not anything that depicted tingzijian. But a term referred to a category
of progressive literature written by some young writers who could only
afford to live and work in the tough condition of a tingzijian but looked
at the world with a new and realistic view. People nowadays when criticise the indifference of human relationship would like to ta1k about the good neighbourhood relationship of the past longtang as a universal model. In
fact it was only partially true, for it seemed the higher the c1ass of
the 1ongtang, the colder the relationship among residents. In those high-class 1ongtang. Only a few children could be found playing around, and even fewer people passing by. occasionally two or three maid servants or cooks chatting in low voices by one side, or the gate of One house opened and a host bidding farewells to his guests, those who were passing economic activities for
the following decades of years. Large numbers of longtangs were built not only in the foreign concessions but also in the Chinese quarter around
the concessions ,their tota1 appearance made up the general physiognomy of the city of Shanghai, During the 1940s, out of 4.1894 millions of population in Shanghai. except those very rich (accounting 59b ) and those very poor (about one million), the majority of population. nearly three millions,
including white--collar Western and Chinese residents, lived in various
types of longtangs. Even now although many of them are demolished when one stands high up looking over from above, what he can see are waves of the roof of longtang one after the other. Architecture, especially residential architecture. is the mirror of social life. In old Shanghai those who could live in a 1ongtang house could only be peop1e with fixed ine. They had to be able to pay the monthly rent and tax for the house, in this case
called the police tax. In the foreign concession,if one falled in payment,
he must move out right away. Since the society was dividedinto different strata. The longtang houses were also c1assified into high, medium and
low. Different ranks of 1ongtang houses were indeed different in construction quality. but more ever were different in location, The longtang houses
in Zhabei and Nanshi Districts were the lowest in rank, while those in
Hongkou District were better, but those located along Bubbling well Road
(Now Nanjing Road West) and Avenue Joffre (now Huihai Road) were the highest. There used to be what so called the 'Upper Corner' and the "Lower Corner- of Shanghai, the "Upper" was referred to the best of location denoted above. And the "Lower" to the lower and lowest rank of location, The rent of houses in the two "Corners" could differ as much as to four or more than ten times .At the early stage, even the Chinese mercial buildings. such as banks, shops or the import and export firms managed by traders from Guangdong and Ningbo also took the form of longtang but on a 1arger scale. They usually
had three or five front rooms on both first and second floors with a courtyard in the middle and back rooms behind. Wh1le the lower floor was for business, the upper floor for living, the back rooms in the first floor used as dormitories for employees and the courtyard a makeshift storage. It was up to the 1930s, improvement of business systems and many new buildings for office use were built then this sort of longtang gradual1y turned into residential use.
The diference of ranks of longtang cou1d a1so be reflected in the life-style and culture in them. If you enter a longtang you will find urinals, snack
stalls, flies flying in hordes, children fighting in groups, fierce turbulences and sharp curses. What a disorderly small world!" This was what Lu Xun wrote in his essay, "Children in Shanghai" to depict a longtang of the
lowest class. Residents of such sort of longtang , in order to lessen the
burden of ' rents or to earn some extra money, usually lot out their surplus rooms to others and became an "ni vang dong" (literary a second 1and1ord--a sublessors). Some even divided their houses into many small rooms, or bui1t attics above and had them let to people who came to Shanghai to make a living or to take refuge. Thus the longtang became very crowded, bad in
living condition and frequent disputes occurred. A satirical play entitled
"72 Tenants"did give a vivid description of this sort of longtong. ln longtangs of the middle and middle-lower c1asses, there were a1so some "ni vang dong" and "san vang ke" (those who rented their rooms from the sublessor), but the 'ni fang dong" here would choose their tenants. It is interesting to
note that many progressive literary men from interior China at that time
lived in the "tingzijian", a small back room ill a longtang house, which
is old in the winter and hot in the summer.This evolved the so ca1led "Tingzijian Literature" in the history of modern 1iterature of China. "Tlngzijian Literature" is not anything that depicted tingzijian. But a term referred to a category
of progressive literature written by some young writers who could only
afford to live and work in the tough condition of a tingzijian but looked
at the world with a new and realistic view. People nowadays when criticise the indifference of human relationship would like to ta1k about the good neighbourhood relationship of the past longtang as a universal model. In
fact it was only partially true, for it seemed the higher the class of
the longtang, the colder the relationship among residents. In those high-class longtang. Only a few children could be found playing around, and even fewer people passing by. occasionally two or three maid servants or cooks chatting in low voices by one side, or the gate of One house opened and a host bidding farewells to his guests, those who were passing by might cast a glance
but tried not to pay attention.
In some large longtangs there inhabited nearly a hundreds or hundreds of households, they were like cities in a city. Within them there were groceries, snack shops. barbershops, hot water sellers, tai1ors and even small industries,
"Longtang factory" was one special feature of Shanghai. The owners of these factories were mostly' technical workers themselves, through the help of
three or four apprentices, by careful design and fine workmanship, they
could produce some very good and useful utensils and s for daily
use out from scraps cast away by the big factories. Their production had
once played an important role in the small goods market in Shanghai. The present No. 8 Steel Works of Shanghai was actually set up on the basis
of several longtang factories after 1949.
The "longtang mansion" was another special feature of Shanghai. In old
Shanghai where public order was not good, Robbery, kidnap seemed not unmon, thus some of the wealthy men were afraid to show their wealth, they did
not like to build their mansion along the street, but built a longtang
in front to conceal their mansion. The mansion usually was big in size,
beautifully decorated inside but the outward appearance was made similar to the other houses. Such peculiarity seemed very different from the West as well as from people in interior China.
Longtang was a product of Shanghai and belongs to the Shanghai people. It tells the story of Shanghai and reflects the culture, life-style and
philosophy of Shanghai people, There were many types of lontang houses, and every one was a part of the whole. Reading the Shanghai lontangs is like reading the social history of Shanghai and the Shanghai people.
In the recent years, Shanghai has been pleting a floor area of l0 million square meters of new housing per year,but there are still 45% of the city
popu1ation living in longtangs. As the city is now undergoing a large-scale reconstruction , those longtangs of parative good quality will be conserved and equipped with modern amenities, those of very poor condition will be demolished and those in between will be reformed in different ways, such as preserving their appearance and at the same time making them suitable to modern living. In this period of great development and drastic change, it is meaningful and important to recall and discuss the relations between the Shanghai longtang. Shanghai people and Shanghai culture
作文四:《上海的弄堂游戏》2400字
上海的弄堂游戏
弄堂,这一上海特有的民居形式,曾经与千千万万上海市民的生活密不可分。 多少个故事,多少个典故,多少个名人,多少个记忆,与石库门,与亭子间紧紧地联系在一起。可以说,没有弄堂,就没有上海,更没有上海人。弄堂,构成了近代上海城市最重要的建筑特色;弄堂构成了千万普通上海人最常见的生活空间;弄堂,构成了近代上海地方文化的最重要的组成部份。
它最能代表近代上海城市文化的特征,它也是近代上海历史的最直接产物。 弄堂更是上海的小孩子们嬉戏玩耍,从事各种游戏活动的主要场所。生活在19世纪中叶至20世纪后期的上海人在童年时代几乎都有与弄堂中的小朋友一起玩游戏的经历。男孩子们玩的大多是一些较为粗犷的游戏,如打弹子、钉橄榄核、刮香烟牌子、滚铁环、扯响铃等等;而女孩子们玩的则大多是一些较为细腻文雅的游戏,如跳橡皮筋、造房子、踢毽子、挑绷绷等等。但是,随着家庭住房条件的改善和家庭娱乐活动的发展,现在弄堂中做游戏的孩子已经越来越少,延续百年以上的上海弄堂游戏习俗也正在逐渐走向衰落,这是上海人的生活方式不断走向都市化、现代化过程中所出现的必然结果。
老游戏有:
掼结子
缝起一个小沙包,捡上几颗称手的石子,这大概是除翻香烟牌子外最受欢迎的游戏了。规矩多的还会搬个台子,玩点花式;大多数时候也就是席地而坐,把自己玩成只“泥猴子”。
规则玩法
台子1张,骨牌6只,结子1只。持6只骨牌掷向台面,随后将结子甩手抛向空中,接在手心,抛接之间将桌上6只骨牌相继翻成白色(正面)、横式、竖式、最后翻成黑色(反面)为比赛终止。上抛结子需在10次内完成1式,超过10次的加次数10次后进入下式。结子、骨牌每落地一次(出台面)判作二次抛结子。抛结子次数少者名次列前。
扯铃子
这是个需要苦练和技巧性的项目,常常是一群小鬼傻愣愣地看着大人们把个茶壶盖子耍得呼呼生风。
规则玩法
在5平方米的场地内放1只铃子,1副连绳的扯柃棒。运动员两手各握一根扯柃棒,设法将场内的铃子在扯柃棒绳子上转动起来,并变换各种动作,时间为3分钟。铃子转动为比赛开始,记1分;3分钟内铃子连续转动,不出现落地记5分;铃子在绳上、棒上、空中、地上每变换一种动作加1分,每落地一次扣1分。得分多者获胜。
抽陀子
大概是弄堂游戏里最宣泄情绪的一项了,不少大人在教育小孩时也会搬出“贱骨头”作范本。
规则玩法
一般老上海人管它叫抽“贱骨头”。一根棍子上绑一条牛皮筋,抽在地上转的陀螺。陀螺有大有小,有木的有铁的,还可以比赛,2个陀螺对撞,谁的被撞停就输了。
套圈子
游乐园里的保留节目,一角钱换上十个圈圈,可每次总是眼看着要套中就被弹开。爸爸们往往是个中高手,一边教育孩子不要上当受骗,一边大显身手。 规则玩法 在6米×2米的长方形场地内,从起套线1.8米处起放20个瓶子,间隔距离为纵向0.4米、横向0.3米。准备直径为11厘米的套圈10个。比赛时每人持10个圈,投10次。从起套线直线向前的瓶子分值依次为1、2、3、4、5分。未投中计0分。运动员脚踏或超过起套线为犯规,投中无效。根据运动员套中分值的总和计算,分数高者名次列前,如总成绩相等,按单次分值最高者列前。 顶核子
花个几分钱买包橄榄,吃完之后再小心翼翼地把核洗得干干净净就是现成的道具。1.5的视力就是这么操练的吧。
规则玩法
在场地内画直径10厘米、20厘米、40厘米三个同心圆圈,每圈线宽3厘米。核子(橄榄核)2个,一个放在圆心,一个由运动员手持。运动员身体须直立,用两手指持核子,顶中圈心核子。每名运动员可进行5次顶核子,如未顶中圈心核子为0分,如顶中,以核子最后所落的位置计算得分。10厘米圈为1分、20厘米圈为3分、40厘米圈为5分、40厘米圈外为10分。顶核子时,颈部倾斜角
度不得超过8.5度,手持核子不得低于颈部。根据运动员5轮得分总和计算成绩,分数高者名次列前。
滚轮子
把废旧钢丝绕个圆,在天井里一个人也可以玩上半天。用一些玩家高手的话说,这可是既有助于开发动手能力,又能提高平衡能力的项目。
规则玩法
在一个20米×4米的长方形场地内,放置3根圆柱。准备滚圈和铁钩各一个。听到出发信号后,从起点用铁钩钩住轮子向前滚动,在滚动中绕每根圆柱一圈后返回。不得用手接触滚圈,如果轮子倒地,可在倒地处扶起重来,但需加时5秒。最终所用时间少者为胜,若成绩相等,则按轮子倒地次数少者列前。 打弹子
几乎每个孩子兜里都少不了几颗花花绿绿的玻璃弹珠,除了从小伙伴那赢的,最直接的来源,就是家里的水仙花盆。
规则玩法
最简单的玩法是“互弹法”。一人将弹子弹出,另一人用弹子击发,击中者赢对方一枚,未击中,对方击发。另一种玩法是在地上挖六个拳头大小的坑,前五个坑间隔一米,最后一个坑间隔两米,为“主坑”。从第一个坑外一米处开始弹球,球不入坑则轮换。同一球连进五坑再进“主坑”后成为“主球”,“主球”可射杀任意其他弹球,被弹中的球算作失败。其他球可通过连续击中“主球”3次成为“新主球”。最后剩下的弹球为赢。
造房子
这应该是女孩子们的最爱了,拾块红砖,画上房子,就可以拿“画笔”当道具开始游戏了。大多数时候还会在最顶端写上“大前门”三个字,那可是决定胜负的最高目标。
规则玩法
在长4米宽2米的平坦长方形地面上画上四层楼房,依次将小方砖踢入每层楼房,按照楼房格子的安排进行单脚或双脚跳跃,回到起点为完成。砖必须踢入指定楼层方才作数,跳跃时单双脚不得踩线,跳错楼层必须重跳。胜负依据运动员完成建造各层楼的时间进行比较,用时少者列前;用时相当以重跳、重踢次数少者为胜。
跳筋子
“马兰花,马兰花,风吹雨打都不怕??”哼着童谣,和着节奏,这应该是“弄堂九子”中流传最长久的项目了。人多的时候总会由两个高手分别率领两队比赛;人少的时候一跟橡皮筋加两个小板凳,一个人也可以玩得热火朝天。 规则玩法
依从膝盖、垂手、腰部、肩胛、头顶再依次往还的次序分9级进行比赛。每队三人,将橡皮筋拉开成等边三角形,对手三人须在标志物处按同一节奏、统一规定动作进行比赛。在任一高度未按同一节奏、统一动作和换位即为失败,停止比赛。最终按完成规定动作级数高者为胜。
作文五:《一五 上海的弄堂》800字
一五 上海的弄堂
要是一个人到了上海而没有去上海的弄堂走一走,应该 要觉得很遗憾。下午时候,趁上班上学的人都没有回来,随意从上海的商业大街上走进小马路,马上就可以看到梧桐树下有一个个宽敞的入口,门楣上写着什么“里”,有的在骑楼的下面写着“1902”,里面是一排排两三层楼的房子,毗邻的小阳台里暖暖的全是阳光,深处人家的玻璃窗反射着马路上过去的车子。那就是上海的弄堂了。
整个上海,有超过一半的住地,是弄堂,绝大多数上海人,是住在各种各样的弄堂里。 常常在弄堂的出口,开着一家小烟纸店,小的不能让人置信的店面里,错落有致的陈放着各种日用品,小孩子吃得零食,老太太用的针线,邮政用的邮票,各种居家日子里容易突然高缺的东西,应有尽有。人们穿着家常的衣服鞋子,在弄堂里人们不见怪的。小店里的人,常常很警惕,也很热心。他开着一个收音机,整天听主持人说话,也希望来个什么人,听他说说。他日日望着小街上来往的人,弄堂里进出的人,只要有一点点想象力,就能算得上阅人多矣。精彩内容,尽在百度攻略:s://gl.baidu.
走进上海人的弄堂里,才算得上是开始看上海的生活,商业的大街,灯红酒绿,人人体面背后的生活。上海人爱面子,走在商店里,饭店里,酒吧里,公园里,个个看上去丰衣足食,可弄堂里就不一样了。
平平静静的音乐开着,后门的公共厨房里飘出来炖鸡的香气,有阳光的地方,底楼人家拉出了麻绳,清洗的衣服散发着香气,花花绿绿的在风里飘,仔细的看,就认出来这是今年大街上时髦的式样,你看见路上头发如瀑布的小姐正在后门的水斗上,穿了一件缩水的旧毛衣,用诗芬在洗头发,太阳下面那湿湿的头发冒出热起来,还有修鞋师傅,坐在弄口,乒乒的敲着一个高跟鞋的细跟,补上一块新橡皮,旁边的小登上坐这一个穿得挺周正的女人,光着一只等着修鞋,他们一起骂如今鞋子的质量和哪买次品鞋子的奸商。
精彩内容,尽在百度攻略:s://gl.baidu.
作文六:《上海的弄堂》400字
上海的弄堂
一、课内练习
1、字词积累、加点字注音
(1)不卑不亢( ) 五味俱全( )飞黄腾达( ) 弄堂( ) ....毗邻( ) .
2、阅读品味
(1)作者陈丹燕主要在给我们读者介绍什么?
(2)为什么只有“走进上海人的弄堂里,才算得上是开始看上海的生活?”
二、课后练习
巩固练习
1、指出下面句字使用的修辞手法,并说出作用上海是一个大都市,大到就像饭店里大厨子用的桌布一样,五味俱全。
2、上海的弄堂生活给你印象最深的是什么?从中你感受到了上海人怎样的一种生活态度?
3、文中第9节中说:“上海是一个大都市,??就看出了德国人的板,法国人的媚,波兰人的苦,住在上海不同地域的人,也有着不同的脸相。”你们能否也用一个字来概括一下:住在弄堂里的上海人的 ?
拓展练习:
1、上海的弄堂到底是否要保留呢?
2、在2010年世博会来临之际,请你就刚才的问题,给我们上海市的市长兼书记韩正写一封信来谈谈你的看法。
作文七:《上海的弄堂》3900字
33 上海的弄堂
上海市青云中学 李娜
教学目标:
1、品读重点段落,通过细节描写理解作者笔下的上海弄堂生活的特点; 2、体会并把握作者流露在字里行间的思想感情,渗透给学生阅读文化散文的方法; 3、了解上海弄堂的有关知识,可以对作者的谋篇布局进行初步探究。
说明:
这是一篇集知识、趣味和情感于一体的文化散文。近年来~这些类似于20世纪二、三十年代散文的文章日渐见诸报端~也大量进入中学课本~这类文章知识性趣味性显著~但又不滞留在历史、建筑、艺术等文化知识上~而是以或丰富细腻或幽默风趣的语言表达自己的认识和感情~与一般的抒情散文和叙事散文不同~因此~可以渗透给学生阅读此类随笔散文的一些方法。
《上海的弄堂》叙述了上海弄堂中众多生活情景~许多细节描写就像特写镜头一样~生动而风趣地揭示出弄堂日常生活的“安详实用”“实实在在”的特点~流露出作者对弄堂生活的喜爱赞赏之情。同时~作为文化散文~作者以比较严肃的态度~探寻了上海弄堂的形成演变历史对上海人的生存方式、生活观念的影响。
但作为预备班教材~要充分挖掘文化散文中蕴涵着的思想感情和作者的写作深意~难度很大。所以可以指导学生在阅读时从叙述文字到议论文字~再到说明文字~由浅入深地引导学生归纳作者力求表现的弄堂生活特点~进而品味字里行间中作者的思想感情倾向~最后还可以探究一下文章内容与形式的关系——“弄堂的发展演变历史”这一内容对作者的谋篇布局的影响。因此设置了上面三个教学目标。 教学重点:
紧紧扣住3、5、6、12、13等重点段落对上海弄堂生活的细节描写,分析弄堂生活的情趣和特点,并结合第11节交流讨论上海人的生活观念,从而去把握作者对弄堂生活和弄堂文化的感情倾向。
说明:
这类散文作者往往将感情和观点隐藏于叙述中娓娓道来~所以~理解文章的内涵就要由表及里学习文章~而入口就是文章中大量的生活细节描写。对于预备班的学生来说~读懂读透叙述文字更有利于体会把握作者的思想感情~再结合文章中的议论文字~想必可以顺利完成教学目标。可以分两课时。 教学难点:
通过观看短片,结合文章第7、8、9、10节,引导学生理解作者的谋篇布局特点:为什么把上海弄堂的形成演变历史放在文章的中间来写,
说明:
这篇文章从表面看~首尾都是对弄堂生活场景的叙述和描写~洋溢着浓郁的生活气息~但中间却插入了几段对弄堂形成演变历史的介绍~在划分层次中必然会引起同学们的关注。而这也正是作者的良苦用心~既写作用意的另一层面:试图以历史的、发展的、辨证的态度和方法~探寻上海人的生存方式、生活观念。作为教学难点~可讲可不讲~看课堂上同学们探究的兴趣和程度而定。
教学过程:
教学环节 教师活动预设 学生活动预设 设计意图
1
让学生自己用简导入新课,利用学生拍摄的上海弄堂录像使同学们对弄堂
洁的话概括上海了解上海弄短片,使学生在感性认识中进建筑、环境的认
弄堂及其生活的
堂的建筑知入课堂教学,以便更好感受、识,由课前从文特点;
识。 理解作者的叙述和描写。 字中得到的模糊
观看短片,更直观
认识,深化到在
地理解上海弄堂
观看短片后的具
的建筑,激发阅读
体认识。
兴趣。
阅读有关细1、学生边读边分引导学生在寻找、分析细节描使学生能针对文中节描写的重析课文中的细节写的过程中,体会作者传达出的细节描写,表达点段落,讨描写语句,体会作
来的“安详实用、实实在在”自己对弄堂生活特论交流: 者所表现的弄堂
的弄堂生活特点;结合第11节点及观念的认识,1、对文中上生活情趣、生活氛
深入认识弄堂人的“精明实惠、培养阅读分析、综海弄堂生活围、生活特点,并
合归纳能力。 特点的理解不卑不亢,不过分地崇尚新对上海人的生活
认识;2、 观念进行探讨。 派”的生活观念。
对弄堂人的2、结合第11节,问题:1、勾画出你认为能够
生活观念的理解作者对弄堂体现上海人弄堂生活特点的
理解认识。 人的认识评价及语句,并分析它们体现了怎样
感情倾向。 的弄堂生活特点,2、上海人
有怎样的生活观念,
引导学生把握第7、8、9、10阅读文章中朗读7、8、9、10通过探讨谋篇布局
节重要语句,并辅以短片,了弄堂发展演节,观看短片,探上的特点,引导学
解上海弄堂建筑的发展史,从
变的段落,讨弄堂建筑在发生理解作者写作深而理解上海弄堂人为什么会形
初步理解作展演变中西结合意:弄堂发展演变成“不卑不亢、不过分崇尚新
者的谋篇布的特点,从而理解历史对上海弄堂人派”的生活观念。
局。 弄堂人在复杂的生活方式及生活观问题:作者为什么要把弄堂演
历史背景中求生念的影响深刻。 变历史放在中间部分写,
存而逐渐形成的
“中庸”“务实”
等思想观念。
2
总结归纳阅和学生一起回顾学习过程,总归纳文化散文的阅学习一点读书方读文化散文结“阅读细节——分析特点—读方法。 法。 的方法。 —体会感情”三步阅读方法。
作业布置,出示作业:?课外探访上海的弄选择一项自己比较文化散文可以让学拓展延伸。 堂,或查资料了解弄堂文化,写喜欢的作业完成,生透过生活和社会
一段300字左右的概括说明;?并写一段500字左表象,来思考历史、
课外阅读陈丹燕的《上海的风花右的文字,谈谈自思考文化,从而引
雪月》《上海的金枝玉叶》《上海己在探访或阅读后发对自己生存环境
的红颜遗事》。 的收获。 与生存状态的深刻
认知。 思路点拨:
基于以上对重点难点的理解,我们还可通过多媒体课件的辅助来完成教学目标。通过欣赏“上海弄堂”的录像,来感性认识本文的写作对象及其历史,从而为课堂的重点——讨论交流上海的弄堂生活特点及上海人的生活观念——做铺垫;将课堂的主要时间放在阅读、讨论和交流上,从而准确把握作者的思想感情;解决难点时,通过制作的介绍“弄堂演变历史”的短片来引导学生;最后通过对这篇文章的学习,总结阅读方法。
练习举隅:
1、找几句对弄堂生活的细节描写加以品味。
2、阅读第5、6节,分析作者在描写生活细节时有什么特点。
听 平静的音乐
嗅 炖鸡的香味 安
晒被褥衣服——时髦式样 详崇爱后门洗头发——发如瀑布 实尚面
用新子视 (穿)旧毛衣 派 (用)诗芬
修鞋的女人——穿着周正
晒太阳的老人 3、选择你能回忆出的弄堂生活细节,用50字左右表述一下,要求突出细节,典型生动。 附资料:
一、弄堂的历史
课文《上海的弄堂》就是选自散文集《上海的风花雪月》,原名《弄堂里的春光》。
北京有胡同,姑苏有小巷子,上海则有弄堂。“弄堂”古时写作“弄唐” , "唐"是古代朝堂前或宗庙门内的大路;及至近现代,代之以"堂" ,这样"弄唐"就演化成了"弄堂"。
3
其实,称"弄堂"的不只是上海人,中国江南地区都这样称呼。但是弄堂能与北京的胡同一样著称于世,却主要是因为近代上海大批里弄住宅的兴起。上海的弄堂最早出现于19世纪五六十年代,20世纪三十年代成为上海最具标志性的民居。由上百个单元组成的石库门一排排紧密地联体而立,组成一个庞大的房屋群体。石库门建筑的间隙,形成了一条条狭窄阴暗的通道,这种通道便是上海人所谓的“弄堂”。
上海弄堂的出现和一个世纪前上海的殖民地历史背景有着深切的关联。从1845起,英、美、法、日相继在上海划定自己的势力范围,先后建立了英租界、公共租界和法租界、日租界,而老城厢一带则为华界,这些界地互不干扰。但1853年上海小刀会起义和1863年的太平天国运动,致使人们纷纷迁居租界,租界的人口剧增,住房问题日益突出。房地产商乘机大肆建造低价位的住宅,设计师将欧洲的联立式住宅和中国传统的三合院和四合院相结合,创造出这种中西合璧的新建筑样式的里弄住宅。
自1872年建造兴仁里起,从石库门弄堂到上世纪20年代中期新式里弄住宅,到30年代后的花园里弄、公寓里弄,弄堂,构成了近代上海城市最重要的建筑特色;弄堂,构成了千万普通上海人最常见的生活空间;弄堂,构成了近代上海地方文化的最重要的组成部份。1949年以后,人民政府建造了大量的新工房,上海弄堂开始成片消失。
统计数字显示,目前上海尚存有约3000万平方米的弄堂建筑,居住着200多万上海市民。上海各式弄堂房子,记载了上海的故事,反映了上海人的文化、生活方式与心态。阅读《上海的弄堂》,就如阅读上海与上海人的社会历史。前联合国教科文组织特派中国的专员拉奎尔教授曾说,上海的弄堂是上海最迷人的部分,“一看到它们,我的心里就一阵温暖。”
二、作者介绍:
世纪末的上海,忽然掀起一阵怀旧的风尚,老照片重新印刷,老建筑重新装修,而打着怀旧旗号的酒吧、饭店更数不胜数。各种报纸杂志出版物中也都弥漫着怀旧气息,而把对上海的怀旧做得最彻底、最地道、最优雅的,无疑是“海派作家”的代表人物陈丹燕。
陈丹燕,1958年12月18日生于北京;1966年移居上海;1972年开始写作并开始发表少年习作; 1982年毕业于华东师范大学中文系,任《儿童时代》小说编辑,同时开始小说和散文创作和儿童文学翻译。1990年之前的创作以儿童文学和少女题材小说为主,有《女中学生三部曲》等作品;后来开始成人文学写作,有长篇《心动如水》《纽约假日》等。
然而真正使她在上海家喻户晓的却是她1998年出版的散文集《上海的风花雪月》,已印刷了10多万册。陈丹燕穿梭于上海的昨日与今天,寻访散落在上海街头的遗迹风情,以独特的视角和敏感的笔触重塑上海的百年沧桑。不久又出版了系列图书《上海的金枝玉叶》和《上海的红颜遗事》,前者是写永安公司的创办者郭家的小姐戴西的,后者是写著名影星上官云珠的女儿,都是写的上海女人的人生经历,写她们坚韧而从容的一生。
陈丹燕就用笔和照片构筑着她心里的早已逝去的旧上海。
(附课件)
4
作文八:《弄堂的上海风情》1000字
弄堂的上海风情
有人说,房子是记忆的容器,北京的胡同记录了皇城根下的岁月,而上海的里弄则储藏了太多关于上海的浮华记忆。
“弄堂”是对上海里弄的俗称,“里弄房子”就是弄堂建筑。上海的弄堂是由上百个一排排紧密联体而立的石库门单元组成的庞大房屋群体。“里”指的是居民聚集的地方,“弄”指的是建筑物间夹缝通道,里弄是由相连小弄组成的住宅群。华北地区称胡同,上海则称之为“弄堂”。“弄堂”原作“弄唐”,“唐”在古代是庭中通道之意,“堂”原本是对房间的称谓,如
最早的弄堂住宅大多分布在黄浦江以西,泥城浜(近西藏路)以东,苏州河以南,旧城厢以北,即今黄浦江范围内。如建于1872年,位于北京东路之南,宁波路以北,河海中路之东的兴仁里;位于广东路的公顺里等等。到20世纪初,仍有大量石库门弄堂在建造。如位于浙江中路,厦门路的洪德里;位于汉口路,河南中路的兆福里等等。
弄堂可以说是上海所特有的,这与上海的历史密切相关。上海开埠通商之后不久,各国列强相继在此划定市里范围,这就是租界。起初,租界里华人与洋人分开居住,但“太平天国”运动期间,随着华人难民进入租界,为了用最少的土地解决他们的住房问题,设计师采用中式建筑,欧式联排的方式,在一条纵轴上依次展开,前后排排伸展,形成中西合璧的里弄建筑。早起里弄的居民多为“石库门”建筑,后来有发展出新式里弄和公寓里弄,后两者的居住条件已明显优于早期的老式石库门,配有欧式壁炉,屋顶烟筒,通风口,大卫生间等,且建筑风格倾向于西式,降低了石库门里弄高大,封闭的围墙,并建有小花园或其他美化环境的设施。上海作家王安忆在小说《长恨歌》的开头这样描写各式里弄:
“那种石库门里弄是上海弄堂里最有权势之气的一种,它们带有一些深宅大院的遗传,有一种官邸的脸面?..上海东区的新式里弄是放下架子的,门是镂空雕花的矮铁门,楼上有探身的窗还不够,还要做出站脚的阳台,为的是好看街上的风景??西区的公寓里弄是严加防范的,房间都是成套的,一扇门关死,一夫当关万夫莫开的架式,墙是隔音的墙,鸡犬声不相闻的,房子和房子是隔着宽阔地,老死不相见的。但这防范也是民主的防范,欧美风的。”
这段文字恰切地写出了20世纪三四十年代里弄的特色和百姓的生活状态。但是随着人口密度的增加,当前的弄堂拥挤,喧嚣,但仍保持着旧上海的生活方式,仿佛时光不曾流逝,年华不曾老去。20世纪90年代以来,上海那些建筑年代久,结构、设施、环境差的旧里弄建筑已经逐渐被拆除。但“记忆的容器”不能完全被丢弃,现在我们在日新月异的城市里已然可以找到经过整合改造的里弄建筑。
作文九:《上海的弄堂》1200字
上海的弄堂
教学目标:
1、通过品读课文,了解作者笔下的上海的弄堂的生活的特点。
2、体会作者蕴涵在文章细致的描写之中的对于弄堂的情感,尝试感悟上海人的处世态度、生活理念和精神特征。
3、引导学生培养细致观察生活写作的能力,学习课文细腻的描绘手法。
教学重点、难点:
通过细致的品读课文,使学生感受文中洋溢出的上海弄堂的生活气息,培养学生感悟生活中蕴涵的真实美感。
教学过程:
一、 设置情境,导入课文
多媒体出示一些上海的弄堂的照片,给予学生直观感受,引入课文学习。
二、 初读课文,整体感知
提问:作者描写的弄堂有怎样的生活特点?
(课堂活动:学生默读全文,进行概括。)
三、 品读课文,感悟细节
思考:
1、作者又是通过怎样的细节描写来体现出这种弄堂的特点的?
2、在弄堂里生活的人们有什么特点?哪些语句反映出的这种特点?
3、为什么说去过上海的弄堂再到上海的别处去,会看懂更多的东西?
(课堂活动:品读的过程中给予学生充分的时间自由的圈划,发表感想,并将这个过程和朗读结合起来,通过朗读感悟文章那种自然、真实的语言风格。)
四、 能力迁移,习作练习
提问:如果你是一名导演,来拍摄最具有上海特色的记录片,会选取什么场景?为什么? (课堂活动:学生发言,提出自己的感想,引导学生观察生活)
五、 作业布置:
以 “上海的 ” 为题,重写你的片段,体现你对于上海的热爱之情。
上海的弄堂
教学目标:
1.通过品读重点词句,理解作者笔下上海弄堂生活的特点及上海人的特点。
2.了解上海人的生存方式和生活观念以及弄堂生活所代表的上海城市文化。
教学重点与难点:
1.重点:借助文中描写弄堂的词句品读,理解弄堂生活的特点,归纳上海人特点。
2.难点:理解弄堂生活的所代表的上海城市文化。
教学过程:
1.导入新课,创设情境。
(1)阐述本课的教学内容是了解上海的一个途径。
(2)通过欣赏一组图片直观了解上海的弄堂。
2.合作探究,理解课文。
(1)分组合作:圈划文中描写弄堂生活的句子,概括弄堂生活的特点。
(2)深入探究:
总结归纳弄堂里的上海人的特点。
3.总结全文,归纳主题。
弄堂文化就是上海城市文化的一种象征、一个缩影。
5.课外延伸,拓展主题。
(1)说说你眼中的上海有什么样的特点,你对上海人的想法。(针对外地学生)
(2)谈谈你认为现今上海人的生活是否还是和作者笔下以前那些生活在弄堂中的上海人区别。(针对上海本地学生)
归纳:
一样的土地,不一样的人。时代在变,人也在变,如今的上海人早已不再只是生活在 弄堂里的那群人了。新上海人正在以一种全新的面貌迎接四方来客。他们锐意进取、开 拓创新、海纳百川、兼容并蓄。在他们的努力下,相信上海的明天会更加美好!
4.布置作业
(1)谈一谈你心目中的上海人的形象,写一篇300字左右的短文。
(2)探访或查阅资料,写一篇关于上海的弄堂的说明性文字,300字左右。
附:板书设计(参考)
弄堂生活的特点:安详实用
弄堂人的特点: 既注重面子、又讲究实惠
作文十:《上海的弄堂房子》1500字
老木匠 发表于 2005-3-17 13:50:00
弄堂房子算是上海最具代表性的民居,上世纪80年代出一套中国民居的邮票,上海就是一个石库门图样。尽管现在上海人只有三分之一不到的人住在弄堂房子里,可是“新天地”仍然是将原来的石库门壳子来包装。
倒回去150年,上海没有弄堂房子,尽管当时有很多的“巷”、“弄”,但却是没有弄堂房子。城里的房子都是独栋的,有钱人住的大宅院,小户人家住江南没有围墙的小栋房子,租界里洋人住殖民地式样的住宅。感谢忠王李秀成扫荡江南,把江南富庶人家赶到上海租界避难,人口暴涨几十倍,等到战争平息,这些有钱人“此间乐,不思蜀”,开始在上海的租界定居下来。
由于租界的土地面积有限,不可能建造独立住宅。于是从当时的英国引进联排式住宅(原来倒是荷兰的)概念,将安徽山区的“一颗印式”的高墙大门住宅连接起来(这是我的个人看法,并以为是在上海发展起来的淮军的影响),形成长排的房子。又因为中国人建房讲究朝向,不愿意随街道平行,于是就为了朝南,有的长排房子与街道垂直,有的则以通道连接,形成“弄堂”。
最早的弄堂房子早就拆光了,现在能看到的只有20世纪初的,那已经是第二代的了。有石库门,有中国式的轴对称布局,房间可以用木板墙任意分割,没有固定的房间。但是在石库门上已经有了西洋式的山花,结构已经是砖木的,而不是原来的木结构,大多已经盖了西洋式的大瓦片。有的前楼前面的栏杆也已经是铁制的了。有了自来水,但没有煤气和卫生设备。我们现在称为“老式石库门”。
20年代后出现的弄堂房子已经是百花齐放,老式石库门已沦为穷人的住宅。新式的,有挑出的西洋式阳台、有卫生设备、有煤气的石库门弄堂已成为中产阶级的新宠。这种房子除了前面的石库门还保留一点点中国式样外,其实已经完全西洋化。这种房子在越界筑路地区最多。
更多的弄堂索性抛弃那令人气闷的石库门,完全西洋化。只是比欧洲的连排住宅开间小,尤其是几乎没有半地下室式样的。不过仍然保留中国人喜欢的朝向,前面敞开有个小院子,半截高的矮墙配上铁栏杆,进了前门有的是上二楼的楼梯过道,旁边有客厅(叫做一间半);也有的直接就是房间(一开间),比如鲁迅住的大陆新村。这种弄堂房子统称为“新式里弄”,当年建造的时候往往不用“里”、“弄”、“坊”命名,而是“新村”、“别墅”、“花园”。这是当年有身份的中产阶级的住宅。
所有的弄堂房子从原来的设计角度来说都是一户一单元,从上到下一家人家。30年代后在公寓大楼的影响下又出现了“公寓式里弄”,外表是新式里弄式样,但每一个大门进去,有总的楼梯,每一层为单独的一个居住单元,或者一层有几个居住单元。一般都是高级职员的住宅。
总的来说弄堂都比较狭窄,总弄一般只有3米多,支弄有的只有2米,甚至可以从后窗口伸出竹竿搭到对面的窗台或院墙顶来晾衣服。新式里弄比较宽一点,但依旧不能走汽车。于是不是第一等的官僚、买办就要住一种最高级的弄堂房子:花园式里弄。这种房子前面有花园,看上去是有点连接的独幢洋房,后面则还是弄堂,汽车间、灶间连排建造。这种房子在虹口的长春、溧阳、山阴路一带最集中。
所以“弄堂房子”实际上有很多等级,天差地别,最高级的和最低级的都有。老式石库门到了30年代两次战争(128与813),成为大量涌入租界的难民窟。而到1949年后,绝大多数弄堂房子都被收归国有,也几乎全部变成了多户杂居一个单元的立体大杂院。
————这是在10多年前应上海电台写的一篇有关上海民居的广播稿。当年广播后,由于风波而陷于停业的某旅行社的经理打来电话,说是正好借机会培训导游,委托我组织了一个有关上海衣食住行风俗的系列讲座。为此曾补充材料。检拾旧稿,敝帚自珍,输入电脑,发在本站,以符合有关方面的BBS导向。