作文一:《倒装句》16200字
倒装句就是将正常的陈述语序加以变化,主要作用是强调被提前的部分
倒装句可分为全部倒装和部分倒装两种:
一? 、全部倒装
谓语动词提前至主语之前为全部倒装,如:
Out came his guest.
On the hill stood a little cottage that contained heaps of hay.
There lived an elderly lady whose husband died long ago.
二、部分倒装
助动词或情态动词提至主语之前,谓语动词位置不变,即为部分倒装,如:
Neither could he see through your plan.
So little did I know about him that I was easily taken in by his words.
Doesn't her invitation appeal to you?
第一节 否定词提前倒装
否定词用于句首时,句子应进行部分倒装
否定词常用的有:
Not only?(but also), Not until(直到?..才),
No sooner?.(than)(一?..就) Never/ Rarely/Seldom
Hardly/Scarcely? (when) Few/Little
Neither/Nor (也不) Nwhere
At no time Under no circumstances(决不)
On no account (决不) In no way
其中not only, no sooner, hardly, scarcely 分别和but (also), than, when搭配使用,需注意:后一组词之后的部分不进行倒装,只有否定词之后的部分倒装
如:Hardly had I arrived home when it began to rain.
Not only was he able to enter the final round of the contest, but he came out first as well.
No sooner had I got any chance to speak than the clerk slammed the door in my face. Seldom does he travel about.
Under no circumstances should you betray your own country.
此类倒装句一般出现在填空题中,需填入的是倒装部分,只要在句首见到上述的词,就应条件反射的想到用倒装句
例题:
(1)
---- was the first fully successful transatlantic cable finally laid.
(A) Not until 1866
(B) Until 1866, just
(C) Until 1866
(D) In 1866, not until
答案:A
解释:由被动式was laid 被名词短语分割开可知, 此句是个部分倒装句, 选项中只有A 否定词提前可引导倒装句, 1866应是until 的宾语, 故D 不对; 此句正常语序应为: The first fully successful transatlantic cable was not finally laid until 1866.
(2)
Not until 1931 ---- the official anthem of the United States.
(A) “The Star-spangled Banner” did bee
(B) when “The Star-spangled Banner” became
(C) did “The Star-spangled Banner” bee
(D) became “The Star-spangled Banner”
答案:C
解释:否定词not 放在句首引起部分倒装,只有C 符合倒装语序
第二节 介词、分词词组提前倒装
当句子没有宾语,且主语偏长时,往往将句中作状语的介词短语或作表语的形容词短语或作表语的分词短语提至句首,引起主谓的全部倒装
如:In the middle of the river floated the cluster of plants that she had cast. Characteristic of an anarchist was her strong opposition to the government, which she had blamed for all the social injustices.
Lying on the grassland is a pretty girl in her early tties.
例题:
(1)
Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent ----, or pronghorn.
(A) it is the American antelope
(B) the American antelope is
(C) is the American antelope
(D) the American antelope
答案:C
解释:此句为形容词短语be typical of作表语前置引起的完全倒装句, 空白处缺少的实为倒装的主语和谓语动词, A B 未倒装, 可首先排除; D 无动词, 也可排除. 此句正常语序应为: The American antelope, or pronghorn, is typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent.
(2)
The glaciers that reached the Pacific Coast were valley glaciers, and between those tongues of ice ----that allowed the original forests to survive.
(A) that many sanctuaries were
(B) were many sanctuaries
(C) were there many sanctuaries
(D) there the many sanctuaries
答案:B
解释:and 是并列句的连接词,逗号前是分句一,and 后是分句二. 因分句二中between 引导的介词短语提前,空格处需要分句二倒装的主谓语,D 无谓语,可先排除;A 使原句只有从句无主句; C中there 是多余的,只能选B
第三节 副词提前倒装
副词提至句首引起倒装,可分以下几种情况:
1. only + 副词(when, before, if, after等)
或only+介词状语(由in, under, by, on, after等引导) 提前,必须部分倒装
如:Only then did he realize how stupid he had been.
Only after entering the store did Arthur realize that there was danger. Only in the library can she concentrate on her study.
2. often, such, so等副词提前,部分倒装
如: So diligently did he work that he got hight scores on the final exam. =He worked so diligently that he got hight scores on the final exam. Such was his wish that the world would stay away from war forever.
Often did we go on a holiday in hot summer.
注意,so 的另一种倒装是表示“也?”
California relies heavily on ine from crops, and so does Florida. 加利福尼亚过多的依赖于来自农作物的收入,佛罗里达也是这样
同理,体会一下neither, nor的倒装
He can't dance, neither/nor can I.= I can't, either.
他不会跳舞,我也不会。
3. in, out, down, up, away, off, here, there, over等副词提前,全部倒装
如:Off got the staggering gentlemen.
Here are the photos I took at the seaside.
例题:
(1)
As inevitably as human culture has changed with the passing of time, so does the
A B C D
environment.
答案:D
应改为:has
解释:逗号后是副词so 引起的倒装句,表示同前者相同,倒装的助动词应与前一句一致,也用has
(2)
Only outside the Earth's atmosphere ---- to attain extremely high velocities.
(A) to be safe for a space vessel
(B) is it safe for a space vessel
(C) for a space vessel to be safe
(D) a space vessel to be safe
答案:B
解释:副词only 引导状语放在句首时,句子需要部分倒装,只有B 符合题意
第四节 疑问倒装
疑问句需部分倒装语序,由于经常用到不会成为考试的难点。
如:What part did he play in Hamlet?
Do you prefer tea or coffee?
例题:
(1)
Of the millions who saw Haley's et in 1986, how many people----long enough to see it return in the tty-first century.
(A) will they live
(B) they will be living
(C) will live
(D) living
答案:C
解释:此句是how many 引导的疑问句, 缺少倒装的谓语部分, 但因主语people 已出现在句首疑问词之后, 不需要再进行主谓倒装. A B 中的they 是people 的重复, 没有必要; D 不能单独作谓语
倒装句讲解与练习
英语的基本句型是主语 + 谓语。如果将主语与谓语调换, 称倒装句。
装句分全倒装句和半倒装句。
一、 全倒装: 主语与谓语交换位置不需任何助动词, 叫全倒装。全倒装有以下三种情况:
1、当here, there, out, in, up, down等副词放在句首时, 句子需全倒装:
There goes the bell! 铃响了! There lived an old man. Here es the bus.注意: ①在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be 动词, 像go, e, mush 等。 ②主语如果是代词时不需倒装如Away he t. 他走远了。
2、方位状语在句首, 如:
In front of the house stopped a police car.
Nearby were two canoes in which they had e to the island.
Under the tree sat a boy.
3 、直接引语在句首, 这种情况可倒装也可不倒装
"What does it mean?" asked the boy或the boy asked.
二、半倒装: 主语与谓语的助动词交换位置称半倒装, 有以下数种情况:
1, 否定意义的词在句首, 句子半倒装, 例如: little, never, not, no, hardly, rarely,seldom
Never shall I forget you. At no time was the man aware of what was happening.
Little did I understand what he said to me at that time.
2、 几对并列连词如not only?but also, hardly? when 等连接两个并列句, 连词在句首, 前句半倒装, 后句不倒装:
Not only was everything he had taker away from him, but also his German citizenship was taken away.
No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.
注意: ①not only?but also连接两个并列主语时不需倒装, 如:Not only you but also I like playing chess.
②neither?nor在句首时, 前后两句都需倒装,Neither do I have a sister nor does my husband.
3、only 在句首强调状语, 主句半倒装:
Only then did I realize that I was wrong.Only in this way can I learn from my fault.
Only when the war was over in 1918, was he able to get back to work.
注意: only强调主语不倒装:Only the teachers can use the room.
4、so?that句型, so在句首时, 主句倒装, that从句不倒装:
So easy is it that a clild can learn it.So hard did he work that he finally won the fame.
I saw the film, so did he.
5. 省略了if 的虚拟条件句
Had I been informed earlier, I could have done something.Were she here, she would support the motion.
1.His mother had talked to him for many minutes while he was watching TV,but ____.
A.a little did he hear B.little did he hear C.little heard he D.a little heard he
2. —— Hello,Zhu Hua.I’ll have to return to Canada because I’ve worked here for a year.—— _____!
A.What tim?flies B.How time flies C.What does time fly D.How does time fly
3.During the war, ____but also he lost his wife and his child.
A.not was his job in the lab taken away B.not only was his job in the lab taken away
C.not merely his job in the lab was taken away D.not just was taken away his job in the lab
4. —— We have to stop talking here outside.Listen,_____! —— Hurry up, or we’ll be late.
A.There goes the bell B.There does the bell go C.There the bell goes D.Goes the bell there
5.I think this is the first time that we have met.___anywhere.
A.Before have we never seen each other B.Never before we have seen each other
C.Each other have we seen never before D.Never before have we seen each other
6. ___! You should take this chance to attend it.
A.How important conference is it B.How an important conference it is
C.What an important conference is it D.What an important conference it is
7.She didn’t e to the party last Sunday.___,she must have made the party more exciting.
A.If she came B.Would she e C.Had she e D.Did she e
8.They finally managed to climb to the top,but __then.
A.t the children down the hill B.down the hill did the children go
C.down the hill t the children D.down the hill the children t
9.I received his mother’s telephone call at eleven.__that he was badly hurt in an accident yesterday.
A.Then did I know B.Only then I knew C.Only then did I know D.Only then knew I
10. —— What sport do you like best? —— Springboard diving(跳板跳水). ___ to dive into water from high board!
A.What a fun is it B.How fun it is C.How a fun is it D.What fun it is
11. —— The old man wouldn’t stay at home for a rest even if it rained.
—— ____.He would feel sick if he stayed home for one day.
A.So would my grandpa B.So wouldn’t my grandpa
C.Neither would my grandpa D.Nor wouldn’t my grandpa
12. ___for us to surf(冲浪) on the sea in summer!
A.What exciting is it B.How exciting is it C.What exciting it is D.How exciting it is
13.By no means ___ to our plan for the trip.
A.will she agree B.she will agree C.agrees she D.will agree she
14.The child tiptoed(翘起脚尖走) quietly to the bird.___into the forest when he was about to catch it.
A.Flew it away B.Away flew it C.Away it flew D.Flew away it
15.Little Tom is an orphan._____,he has to make a living by himself.
A.A child as he is B.Child as he is C.Child as is he D.A child though he is
16. ___he gave that we should take more exercise in our spare time!
A.What a good advice B.How a good advice C.What good advice D.How good advice
17.Hardly had she walked out of the woods ___ she heard the strange scream ing from behind a tree.
A.than B.until C.since D.when
18. ___that we couldn’t catch up with him.
A.So fast he ran B.So fast did he run C.So fast ran he D.Such fast did he run
19.We have been on duty for four hours and ____.
A.now es your turn B.now does your turn e C.now your turn es D.es now your turn
20.We haven’t seen each other for many months.__!
A.What I missed you B.What did I miss you C.How I missed you D.How did I miss you
21. __can you find out how many chickens there are!
A.Counting them B.By counting them C.Only by counting them D.Only have you counted them
22.Between the two mounts___and they decide to build a ropeway(索道).
A.lies a very deep valley B.does a very deep valley lie
C.a very deep valley lies D.a very deep valley lays
23.They t into a small house but ___.
A.no persons did they find B.not a person found they
C.not a person did they find D.not a person they found
24. —— My mother does a lot of housework before going to work,but she has never been late. —— _____.
A.So does my mother B.Neither does my mother C.Nor has my mother D.So it is with my mother
25.Everyone has arrived at eight and ____.A.then does the meeting begin B.then begins the meeting
C.begins the meeting then D.does the meeting begin then
26. __it is for us to see that he does his work so well!
A.What surprise B.How surprise C.What a surprise D.How a surprise
27.Look over there.___!
A.Around the corner is walking a policeman B.Around the corner is a policeman walking
C.Around the corner a policeman is walking D.Is around the corner walking a policeman
28. ___,we could forgive him for his mistakes!
A.Were he still a child B.If he is still a child C.Is he still a child D.He were still a child
29.Henry often helps look after Granny Wang,but___.
A.seldom is George B.seldom George does
C.seldom does George D.seldom looks George after Granny Wang
30. —— The water changes into thick ice covering rivers and lakes in winter in Harbin.
—— ____ in Urumqi and children go skating on it then.
A.So is it B.So it does C.So it is D.So does it
31.I remember that ____ an old church on the top of the hill many years ago.
A.used to be there B.there used to be C.there used to have D.there had
32.Could you write me a letter ___?
A.when will you get home B.when do you get home C.when you will get home D.when you get home
33.Mother told Rose to buy some sugar in the supermarket and ___.
A.she did so B.so she did C.so did she D.she did such
34. ___shortly after it stopped raining.
A.There appeared a colorful rainbow in the sky B.In the sky did a colorful rainbow appear
C.There a colorful rainbow appeared in the sky D.There in the sky a colorful rainbow appeared
35.After the patients t into the office,__working.
A.only a doctor did they see B.only a doctor saw they
C.only a doctor they saw D.only a doctor had they seen
36.We have looked for the lost sheep almost everywhere,but nowhere _____.
A.we can find it B.can we find it C.can find we it D.we can it find
37.Only since they gave up that good chance___ to show their invention again.
A.have they had no chance B.they have had no chance
C.they have no chance D.have they no chance
38.You can see a large signal on the wall: ____!
A.Long lives the PRC B.Long live the PRC C.Long does the PRC live D.Long do the PRC live
39. _____,she may not catch up with her sister Lisa.
A.Hard though she works B.Hard although she works C.Hard works she D.Hard even if she works
40. ___these ancient buildings in this city are!
A.What perfectly protected B.How perfect protected
C.How perfectly protected D.What perfect protected
41.Nothing but two ancient Chinese coins ____ after they took out the jar.
A.did they find in it B.they found in it C.in it did they find D.in it found they
42.He is strict in everything and strict with everyone._____.
A.My father is always such B.My father is always so a strict man
C.Such is my father D.So a strict man is my father
43.If you don’t go to his birthday party next Friday,_____.
A.so do I B.so will I C.nor do I D.nor will I
44.Since everyone has e back here,___.
A.on goes our discussion B.goes on our discussion
C.on does our discussion go D.does on our discussion go
45. __when we passed by its nest.
A.Up into the blue sky did the bird fly B.Up into the blue sky the bird flew
C.Up into the blue sky flew the bird D.Flew up into the blue sky the bird
1.B 。具有否定意义的副词如:little,seldom,never,hardly,scarcely,rarely 等位于句首时,句子的主谓部分倒装。
2.B 。how time flies=how fast time flies“时间过得真快”。因为被感叹的部分是副词fast ,因此感叹词用how ,感叹句需用陈述语序。
3.B 。not only...but also连接两个并列分句,且not only位于句首时,该分句主谓部分倒装。
4.A 。在以here,there,up,down,in,on,out,away,off 等副词开头的句子里,主语是名词时,句子主谓全部倒装,以示强调。但主语是人称代词时,不倒装。
5.D 。否定副词never before提前到句首时,句子用部分倒装。
6.D 。由于被感叹的部分是可数名词单数conference ,所以感叹词用what ,感叹句需用陈述语序。
7.C 。Had she e=If she had e。if 引导虚拟语气条件状语从句,在口语中或非正式场合可以把if 省略掉而改用部分倒装。
8.C 。介词短语位于句首,且谓语为不及物动词的句子,句子的主谓全部倒装。
9.C 。only 修饰句子的状语(副词、介词短语、状语从句)位于句首时,句子的主谓部分倒装。
10.D 。句子中fun 是不可数名词,感叹词需要用what 。
11.C 。Neither would my grandpa =My grandpa wouldn’t stay at home for a rest,either. 否定副词neither,nor 提前到句首,句子用部分倒装。
12.D 。形容词exciting 前用感叹词how, 感叹句用陈述语序。
13.A 。表示否定意义的介词短语在句中作状语置于句首时,句子的主谓部分倒装。这样的介词短语有:by no means,at no time,in no way,not in the least等。
14.C 。参见注4。
15.B 。Child as he is=Although he is a child。as 引导让步状语从句时,通常要把作表语的形容词或名词、作状语的副词或动词原形提前到句首,同时注意,作表语的单数名词前无形容词时要把不定冠词去掉。
16.C 。名词advice 用感叹词what,advice 是一个不可数名词。
17.D 。hardly...when... 表示“一??就”。注意,主句主谓要用部分倒装。
18.B 。在so...that 的句型中“so+形容词或副词”提前到句首时,主句主谓部分倒装。19.A 。时间副词now /then 置于句首,其谓语又是e,go,begin 等,这时应该用全部倒装语序。
20.C 。how 修饰句子的谓语动词,句子表示“我是多么想念你啊!”
21.C 。参见注9。
22.A 。参见注8。
23.C 。“not a (an)+可数名词的单数形式”提前到句首时,句子要用部分倒装。
24.D 。如果前面提及不止一件事情,说明另一个人也是如此要用so it is/was with sb.。
25.B 。参见注19。
26.C 。surprise 是一个抽象名词,通常作不可数名词,但这里说明某次具体情况,surprise 可以用作可数名词,前面加不定冠词a (surprise没有复数形式)。类似词有shame,pity 等。
27.A 。参见注8。
28.A 。Were he still a child=If he were still a child。
29.C 。参见注1。
30.D 。so does it =the water also changes into thick ice covering the rivers and lakes in winter in Urumqi.说明乌鲁木齐的天气也是如此。
31.B 。there used to be构成倒装句式,表示过去曾出现过的情况。
32.D 。when you get home时间状语从句用陈述语序,一般现在时表示将来。
33.A 。so 替代前面提到的要求所作的事情,此时不用倒装。
34.A 。there 后面可以跟不及物动词appear /live /stand /lie 等,说明某处出现/存在某现象或某事物,此时句子主语必须是名词。 35.C。only 修饰句子的宾语位于句首时,句子不倒装。
36.B 。具有否定意义的副词nowhere 提前到句首时,句子用部分倒装。
37.A 。句子中only 修饰since 引导的时间状语从句置于句首,主句用部分倒装形式。
38.B 。口语中一些祝福语可以用倒装语序。“Long live(动词原形) +主语”表示“祝某人或某事物万岁”。
39.A 。though 引导让步状语从句时,有时把句子的表语或状语提前到句首。
40.C 。句子中perfectly protected相当于形容词作表语,因此感叹词用how 。
41.B 。表示否定意义的不定代词nothing 在句中用作宾语置于句首,句子不需要用倒装语序。
42.C 。当such 作句子的表语,位于句首代替上文情况时,句子通常用倒装语序。
43.D 。nor will I=I will not go to his birthday party next Friday, either.if 引导说明将来情况的条件状语从句,主句的时态应该是将来时态。
44.A 。参见注4。 45.C。表示方位的副词及介词短语置于句首,名词作句子的主语时,句子的主谓用全部倒装。
作文二:《倒装句》17900字
倒装是一种语法手段,用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种:完全倒装和部分倒装。
完全倒装
1) 完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前(是整个谓语动词,而非助动词)。
例如:The teacher came in and the class began.(没有倒装)
In came the teacher and the class began. (老师走了进来,然后开始上课。)
2) there引出的完全倒装句:除了最常见的there be句型以外,there 还可以接
appear,exist,lie,remain,seem to be,stand等,一般都译成" 有" 的含义,构成完全倒装句。
例如:There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.(远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。)
3) 由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句:以地点副词here,there 和时间副词now,then 开头,后面的动词是be,e,exist,fall,follow,go,lie,remain,seem,stand (表移动或动态的不及物动词)等,而主语又是名词时,构成完全倒装句。Up climbed the boy when his mother came.
4)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词且主语是名词时使用完全倒装
5)在强调状语时1)当句首状语为方位词或拟声词,谓语动词为go,e 等表示位置转移的动词时句子须倒装。例如:
1 Up t the plane.
2 In came the chairman and the meeting began.
注:如果主语是代词则不发生倒装。例如:
1 Out they rushed!
2 Lower and lower he bent.
(2) 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时,句子须倒装。例如:
1 Round the corner walked a large policeman.
2Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man.
3 当句首状语由“only +副词”,“only +介词词组”,“only +状语从句”构成时,句子须倒装。例如:
1 Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. (不属于完全倒装) 2 Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end.
(6)当句首状语为here,there,now,then 等时,句子须倒装,主语是代词时,句子不用倒装。例如:
1)Here is a ticket for you.
2)Now es your turn.
3)Here he es.
(7)以关联词so (…that)开头的句子中,句子须倒装。例如:
1)So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.
2)So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus.
3)So much does he worry about his financial position that he can’t sleep at night. 注:在该结构中,“so +形容词”是表语的前置;“so +副词”是状语的前置。
.在直接引语之后
在叙事性书面语中,直接引语后常跟asked Mary,answered John,said the old
lady,grunted Peter之类的词语。在这些
词语中,动词常的主语之前,主语是代词时,不用倒装。例如:
1)“What do you mean?” asked Henry.
2)“What do you mean?” he asked.
. often,many a time等表示频度的状语置于句首时
例如:Often did they think of going there,but they never had a chance.
12.在as,though 引导的让步状语从句中
在as,though 引导的让步状语从句中,一般将形容词、副词或名词等置于句首。例如:
1)Small as the atom is,we can smash it.
2)Big as the workpiece is,it is turned out with
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。
Out he rushed.
注意:
1) 在here,there 引出的倒装句中,当主语是普通名词时用完全倒装句,但当主语是代词时,就要用部分倒装句。
例:Here es the postman!(邮递员终于来了!注意实意谓语动词位于主语之前。)
Here we are.(我们到了。注意系动词位于主语代词之后。)
部分倒装
1) 部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分(如助动词、情态动词等)放到主语前,或把句子的强调成分提前。
Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt about (疾病没有使他放弃过上梦想中的生活)
2) 以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装。注意下列句子中助动词或情态动词提前、甚至补充助动词的用法: 例:Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.(小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。) In no country other than Britain,it had been said,can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.(据说除了英国世界上没有哪个国家能让人在一天中感受到四季变化)
3) 以否定副词开头并加状语放在句首的句子要求部分倒装。这些否定副词有
barely,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely…… when,never,no sooner…… than,rarely,no
more,not nearly,not only等以及only 。 Only in the country can you learn the “true English”.
4)一些如scarcely……when,no sooner ……than,hardly……when引导的主从复合句主句要求使用过去完成式。 注意:在部分倒装句中,只有助动词、情态动词或连系动词to be可以置于主语之前,其它部分都要置于主语之后。
5)此外,一些介词+no+名词的结构中需要用部分倒装,这些结构包括at no time; by no means; by no manner of means; for no reason; in no case; in/under no circumstances; in no sense; in no way; on no account; on no consideration; at no point 例如Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money. 注意:
a) 如果含有从句时,只要求主句倒装: 例:Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.(只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。)
b) 如果上述否定副词出现在强调句型中的前半部分,不用倒装:
例:It was not until he t abroad that he knew the truth of the fact.(直到他出国以后才了解到事实真相。)
c) 如果hardly,scarcely 后面接的是any,ever,at all时,意义类似almost no/ not/ never (几乎不、从不),则无须倒装。
例:Hardly any people invited t there.(几乎没有什么受到邀请的人去那里了。)
6) 由no matter how,however和how 引导的状语从句要求部分倒装,因为形容词或副词通常紧跟在这三个引导词后面,然后才是主语和谓语,形成形式上的部分倒装句: 例:I know nothing about this river,neither how long,how wide nor how deep it is.(我一点也不了解这条河,不知道它有多长,多宽或多深。)
7) 由as 引导的部分倒装句:
a) 当as 作为比较意义时,即用于as + adj./ adv. + as结构中时,如果把第一个as 省略掉,就形成部分倒装句。
例:Cautious as the rest of her family (was),she didn't seem willing to give an
immediate reply to my question.(正如她家里人一样谨慎小心,她似乎不愿意立即回答我的问题。)
She charged the stairs,quick as a rabbit (ran).(她跑上楼去,跑得象兔子那么快!) b) 当 as引导让步状语时,和although,though 一样,当用作“尽管”之义时,可以用于部分倒装句。
Hard as he worked,he did not pass the exam.(虽然他很用功,但他还是没及格) c) 表示原因时,为了强调起见,也可以倒装。
例:Tired as he was,we decided not to disturb him.(因为他太累了,我们决定不打扰他。)
d) 等于so 时,意义是“也,也是”
例:She worked hard,so/ as did her husband. (她工作很努力,她的丈夫工作也很努力。)
so,neither,nor 倒装
除了构成上述倒装句以外,还可以取代上文出现的名词、形容词甚至整句话,构成完全倒装句或部分倒装句。但这两种倒装的意义不同。
a) 当so 表示“也,相同,那样”时,通常表示对前一句肯定句的赞同、一致内容,要求使用完全倒装句:
He promised to finish my homework,so did I.
b) so /such ……that句型可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that 之间的部分: 例:So selfish was she that everyone avoid talking with her.
c )也存在such+be+主语的情况用以强调,例如Such was Albert Einstein,a simple man of great achievements.(阿尔伯特? 爱因斯坦是一个有伟大成就的普通人) d) neither和nor 共有4种倒装形式,其含义分别为:
1) 完全倒装时:表示" 也不" ,和上文a )用法正好相反,表示对前一句否定句的赞同或一致内容。
例:You don't know what to do now,neither/ nor do I .(你不知道现在该做什么,我也不知道。)
2) 和其它否定副词连用,表示" 也(不)" ,也要求用完全倒装句:
例:The besieged enemy could not advance,nor / neither retreat could they .(被包围的敌人既不能进,也不能退。)
注意:若把这句话改成:"The besieged enemy could neither advance nor retreat.(被包围的敌人既不能进,也不能退。)" 就不必倒装。
She never laughed,nor did she ever lose her temper.
3) 用在肯定句里,构成一般否定倒装:
例:All that is true,nor must we forget it.(那全都是真的,我们可不能忘记。) 部分倒装作用
有承上启下作用,表示同意和赞同:
例:A: I couldn't do anything for her.(我帮不了她。)
B: Nor you could,but you might have got somebody to help her.(你是不能帮她,但你本可以找人帮她的。)
2) 在进行比较的句子里,如果主语不是代词时,可以倒装:
例:America consumes more energy than did our country.(美国消耗的能源比我们国家多。)
3)在某些表示祝愿的句型中要求倒装。如May you happy.
4)在文学作品中常出现倒装,有些是由于语法习惯,有些是为了简单的修辞,如Not even one cloud will I bring away(不带走一片云彩).
不用倒装的地方
注:如果only 后面的词组不是状语,则不用倒装.
Only Wang Ling knows this .
如果直接引语后注明引语是什么人说的,而且主语是名词时,用倒装结构;主语是代词时,一般不用倒装。
" Let's go," said the man .
3分类编辑
there be结构
在“there be”(或there + appear to be,e ,exist,happen to
be,lie,live,occur,remain,seem,seem to be,stand,used to be) 雪结构中,倒装形式为完全倒装。如:
There were many students in the reading room in this evening.
今晚阅览室里有许多学生。
There is a TV set,a stereo system and a number of chairs in the sitting room. 客厅里有一台电视机,一套组合音响和一些椅子。
here ,there ,now ,then 等引起的倒装
在以here,there,now,then 等简短副词引起的句子中(前三个须用一般现在时),动词往往是be,e,go 等时, 这类句子大多带有引起注意的含义。如:
Here es the bus.
公共汽车来了。
Here is the letter you have been looking forward to.
你久盼的信在这儿。
但要注意:如果主语是人称代词,则不用倒装。如:
Here they are. 他们在这儿。
省略if 的非真实条件状语从句中的倒装
虚拟结构中的条件从句省去if 时,were,had,should 须移至主语之前。如:
Had you worked harder at college,you would have got better job.
如果你在大学期间读书用功些,现在就会找到一份更好的工作。
Were he better qualified,he would apply for the position.
要是他的条件再好些,他就申请这个职位。
what ,how 引起的倒装
以What,how 开头的感叹句(表语或宾语提前)。如:
What beautiful weather (it is)!
多好的天气啊!(表语提前)
What a lovely picture he painted!
他画了一张多好的画啊!(宾语提前)
疑问词或连接词引起的倒装
在疑问词或连接词whether 等引起的从句中。如:
Whatever you may say,I won’t go there.
无论你怎样说,我都不会去那儿。(状语从句中宾语提前)
What book he wants is not clear.
他要什么书还不清楚。(主语从句中宾语提前)
否定词位于句首时引起的倒装
(1). never,seldom ,hardly ,little ,few 等引起的倒装
否定词never ,seldom ,rarely ,hardly ,barely ,scarcely ,little ,few 等位于句首时所引起的倒装句通常为部分倒装形式,如果谓语动词为be 的一般现在时或一般过去时,则为完全倒装形式。如:
Never shall I forget the days when you were with us.
我绝对不会忘记你和我们在一起的日子。。
(2). nowhere,no longer,no more等引起的倒装
nowhere (无处),no longer(不再),no more(也不)等否定词位于句首时所引起的倒装句通常为部分倒装形式,如果谓语动词为be 的一般现在时或一般过去时,则为完全倒装形式:
No longer was he in charge of this work.
他不再负责这项工作了。
(3). not until,not a,not in the least等引起的倒装
not until (直到……才),not a (一个……也没有),not in the least (一点儿也不),not for a minute/moment(一点儿也不)等位于句首时,通常引起倒装(not a之后的名词作主语时除外),其形式通常为部分倒装形式,如果谓语动词为be 的一般现在时或一般过去时,则为完全倒装形式。如:
Not until all the demands had been turned down did the workers decide to go on strike.
一直到所有的要求遭到拒绝之后,工人们才决定罢工。
Not once did he talk to me.
他一次也没有和我谈过。
(4). under no circumstances,by no means,in no way等引起的倒装
in/under no circumstances(无论如何不),by no means (决不),in no case (无论如何不),in no way (决不),on no account (决不可),on no condition(决不)等短语位于句首时所引起的倒装句通常为部分倒装形式,如果谓语动词为be 的一般现在时或一般过去时,则为完全倒装形式。如:
In no case must force be resorted to.
决不准许诉诸武力。
By no means is it true that all English people know their own language well.
并非所有的英国人都通晓该国语。
关联连词位于句首时引起的倒装
(1). not only...but also引起的倒装
not only...but also位于句首所引起的倒装句为部分倒装形式,如果谓语动词为be 的一般现在时形式或一般过去时形式,则为完全倒装形式。如:Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties,but also we should try our best to overe them.
我们不仅应该不怕困难,而且应该尽最大努力去克服它们。
(2). neither...nor引起的倒装
neither...nor 位于句首引起的倒装句为部分倒装形式,如果谓语动词为be 的一般现在时或一般过去时,则为完全倒装形式。如:
Neither Peter wanted the responsibility,nor did his wife.
彼得不想担此责任,他妻子也不想担此责任。
(3). hardly...when/no sooner...than引起的倒装
hardly/scarcely/barely...when或no
sooner...than 位于句首所引起的倒装句为部分倒装形式,如果谓语动词为be 的一般现在时或一般过去时,则为完全倒装形式。如:
Hardly had he arrived when/No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave again.
他刚到就又被请走了。
(4). so...that引起的倒装
so...that 位于句首所引起的倒装句为部分倒装形式,如果谓语动词为be 的一般现在时或一般过去时,则为完全倒装形式。如:
So angry was he (He so angry) that he couldn’t speak.
他如此愤怒,以致说不出话来。
(5). such...that引起的倒装
such...that 位于句首所引起的倒装句为部分倒装形式,如果谓语动词为be 的一般现在时或一般过去时,则为完全倒装形式。如:
Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.
爆炸的威力如此之大,以致所有的窗户都被震破了。
only 引起的倒装
当副词only 位于句首并修饰状语或宾语时,引起句子的倒装,其形式通常为部分倒装,如果谓语动词为be 的一般现在时或一般过去时,则为完全倒装。如:
Only in this way can you solve this problem.
只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。
Only yesterday did I finish this the book.
到昨天我才读完那本书。
表语位于句首时所引起的倒装
当作表语的形容词、副词、介词短语等位于句首时,常常引起倒装,其形式为完全倒装:
Aristotle says,“Plato is dear to me,but dearer still is truth.”
亚里斯多德说,“吾爱柏拉图,但更爱真理。”
Present at the meeting were Professor Smith,Professor Brown,Sir Hugh and many other celebrities.
到会的有史密斯教授、勃朗教授、休爵士以及许多其他知名人士。
状语位于句首时所引起的倒装
(1). 当位于句首的状语是一些表示地点的介词短语或表示运动方向的副词(如away ,back ,down ,in ,off ,out ,up )时,常常引起倒装,其形式为全部倒装。如: Away t the runners.
赛跑手们刷地跑开了。
Down came the rain.
雨哗地落下来了。
(2).介词短语作地点状语,放在句首,后面跟的是不及物动词be,e,sit
live,stand,lie,exist 等时常常引起倒装,其形式为全部倒装。如:
Next to the table is a chair.
桌旁有把椅子。
At the South Pole lies Antarctica,the coldest and most desolate region on earth. 南极洲位于南极,它是地球上最寒冷和最荒凉的地区。
状语从句中的倒装
(1). 让步状语从句中的倒装
as 引导的让步状语从句中的倒装:
在as 引导的让步状语从句中,位于句首的可以是形容词、名词、副词,还可以是谓语动词的一部分,从而形成从句的部分倒装。如:
Tires as he was,he continued the work.
虽然他累了,但是仍然继续工作。
(2).方式状语从句中的倒装
as 引导的方式状语从句一般为正常语序,但是,如果主语比谓语长,可将谓语动词置于主语之前,形成完全倒装。如:
He believed,as did all his family,that the king was the supreme lord.
他和他全家人一样,都认为国王是至高无上的君主。
(3).比较状语从句的倒装
than 引导的比较状语从句中的倒装:
由than 引导的比较状语从句一般为正常语序。但是,如果主语较长,可将谓语动词置于主语之前,形成完全倒装:
Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than does eastern Nebraska. 内布拉斯加西部地区的降雪通常比东部地区少。
the more...,the more...结构中的倒装
在以the more..., the more...引导的倒装结构中,采用部分倒装;如果主句的主语较长,可将谓语动词置于主语之前,形成完全倒装。如:
The more books you read(宾语提前),the wider your knowledge is(表语提前). 书读得越多,知识就越渊博。
4特殊句型编辑
用于有直接引语的句型中
在直接引语之后,“主语+ say/ ask之类的动词”可以用正语序,也可以倒装,在书面语中常用全部倒装。如:
--“What do you mean?” asked Henry. (or :…Henry asked.)
--“Perhaps he isn’t a bad sort of chap after all,” remarked Dave.
--“I am aware of that,” replied the Englishman.
--“Please go away,” said one child. “ And don't e back,” pleaded another. 但是,主语是代词时不用倒装。请比较:
--“What do you mean?” he asked.
--“Who’s paying?” shouted the fat man at the corner. “You are,” I answered. 用于表示祝愿/意愿的句型
这种祈求性虚拟语气一般只用于几种相当固定的说法中。如:
--Long live the People’s Republic of China!
--Far be it from me to spoil the fun.
“may +主语+谓语”这种结构表示一种愿望或诅咒。
--May you live a long and happy life!
--May the best man win!
--May he never set foot in this house again!
--May you break your neck!
用于 “so…that…”句型中
把so 置于句首的情形下,需要部分倒装。如:
--So absurd did he look that everyone stared at him.
--So suspicious did he bee that…
--So vigorously did he protest that the authorities reconsidered his case.
用于as 之后,表示状态和相似
倒装在文学体裁中有时出现在as 之后,例如:
--She traveled a great deal,as did most of her friends.
--The present owner is a keen art collector,as were several of her ancestors. --She looks forward,as does her secretary,to the pletion of the building.
在条件和让步分句中
a. 用于条件句中
表达虚拟的if 从句(非真实条件从句)中的if 可以省略,句子呈现倒装。例如: --Were I Tom I would refuse. (=If I were Tom…)
--Had I known what was going to happen,I would never have left her alone. (=If I had known …)
--Should you change your mind,no one would blame you. (= If you should change…) b. 用于以as,though 引导的表达让步的从句中
在这样的分句中,句子部分倒装。如果是though 作引导词,句子可以用倒装也可以不用倒装,而如果是as 为引导词,则一定要用倒装。如:
--Eloquent though/as she was,she could not persuade them. (or: Though she was eloquent…)
--Child though Tom was then,he had to earn his living. (= Though Tom was a child then…)
--Change your mind as you will,you will gain no additional support.
另外,that 也可以象as,though 一样用于倒装方式表示让步。如:
--Fool that he was,he managed to evade his pursuers. (= Even though he was a fool…)
--Poor that they were,they gave money to charity. (= Even though they were poor…)
用于感叹句
感叹句通常采用正语序,即主语在前,谓语在后。但有时感叹句采用的却是疑问句的形式。尤其是在美国英语中,感叹句常常象普通疑问句。
--Isn’t it cold! 真冷!
--Am I fed up! 我腻烦死了!
--Did he look annoyed! 他看来可气恼了!
5副词so 编辑
这类倒装主要见于以下两种情形:
1. 当副词so 后接形容词或副词位于句首时,其后要用部分倒装。如:
So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷,我们只好呆在家里。 So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快,我们几乎没法想象它的速度。
So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然,我们来不及逃跑。
2. 当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者,通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构。如:
You are young and so am I. 你年轻,我也年轻。
She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐,我也喜欢。
If he can do it,so can I. 要是他能做此事,我也能。
【典型考题】(答案分别为BBA)
1. So difficult _________ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.
A. I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I found
2. _________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.
A. so curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple
C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious
3. —It’s burning hot today,isn’t it? —Yes. _________ yesterday.
A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it
(1) 若前面提出某一否定的情况,要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况,则应将其中的so 改为neither 或nor 。如:
You aren’t young and neither am I. 你不年轻,我也不年轻。
She hasn’t read it and nor have I. 她没有读它,我也没有读。
请看考题(答案选D ):
Mary never does any reading in the evening,_________.
A. so does John B. John does too
C. John doesn’t too D. nor does John
(2) 注意“So+助动词+主语”与表示强调或同意的“So+主语+助动词”的区别。如: “It was cold yesterday.” “So it was.” “昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”
请看考题(答案分别为CD ):
1. — Maggie had a wonderful time at the party. —_________,and so did I.
A. So she had B. So had she C. So she did D. So did she
2. —Father,you promised! —Well,_________. But it was you who didn’t keep your word first.
A. so was I B. so did I C. so I was D. so I did
6高考例题编辑
1. Not until all the fish died in the river __________ how serious the pollution was. (NMET 1995)
A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized
C. the villagers did realize D. didn’t the villagers realize
2. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once __________ with each other. (NMET2003)
A. they had quarrelled B. they have quarrelled
C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled
3. Little __________ about his own safety,though he was in great danger himself. (1995上海卷)
A. does he care B. did he care
C. he cares D. he cared
4. __________ for the free tickets,I would not have gone to the films so often.(1995上海卷)
A. If it is not B. Were it not
C. Had it not been D. If they were not
5. —David has made great progress recently.
—__________,and __________. (1997上海卷)
A. so he has; so you have B. so he has; so have you
C. so has he; so have you D. so has he; so you have
6. —It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night.
—My God! __________. (1999上海卷)
A. So did I B. So I did
C. So were you D. So did you
7. Not a single song __________ at yesterday’s party. (2000上海卷)
A. she sang B. sang she
C. did she sing D. she did sing
8. So difficult __________ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English. (2001上海卷)
A. I have felt B. have I felt
C. I did feel D. did I feel
9. —You forgot your purse when you t out.
—Good heavens,__________. (2002 上海卷)
A. so did I B. so I did
C. I did so D. I so did
10. Only when your identity has been checked,__________. (2003上海卷)
A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed in
C. will you allow in D. will you be allowed in
11. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life __________ so happy! (2000北京春)
A. did I feel B. I felt
C. I had felt D. had I felt
12. __________ can you expect to get a pay rise. (2000北京春)
A. With hard work B. Although work hard
C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard
13. Only when the war was over __________ to his hometown.(2001上海春)
A. did the young soldier return B. the young soldier returned
C. returned the young soldier D. the young soldier did return
14. Not only __________ interested in football but __________ beginning to show an interest in it. (2002上海春)
A. the teacher himself is; all his students are
B. the teacher himself is; are all his students
C. is the teacher himself; are all his students
D. is the teacher himself; all his students are
15. —I would never ever e to this restaurant again. The food is terrible!
—__________. (2004广西卷)
A. Nor am I B. Neither would I
C. Same with me D. So do I
16. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither __________ any end to their influence man’s lives. (2004广东卷)
A. there is B. there are
C. is there D. are there
【答案与解析】
1. A。以 not until 开头的句子要用部分倒装; 是一般过去时,在主语前要加did ,谓语动词用原形。句意为:直到河里的鱼全死了村民们才认识到污染的严重性。
2. C。由否定意义的词 never once 开头,句子用部分倒装。前一并列分句已经提示要用现在完成时态。
3. B。以 little,never,seldom,hardly 等含否定意义的词开头的句子要用部分倒装; 后文表明要用一般过去时,所以要用 did he care。
4. C。这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,后面的主句用would have done,从句用had done 过去完成时,在if 省略的情况下,则把had 提到主语之前。
5. B。表示后者与前者的情况一样就用倒装; 如果是对上文加以肯定或强调“的确是这样”就不用倒装。句意是:“David 最近取得了很大的进步。”“是的,他取得了很大的进步,你也取得了很大进步。”
6. B。对别人的话表示赞成“的确如此”,不用倒装。句意是:“你太粗心大意了,你的衣服在外面放了一夜。”“哎呀!真的是这样。”
7. C。以 not 等否定意义的词开头的句子要用部分倒装。
8. D 。以“so + 形容词”开头的句子要用部分倒装; 由 determined 可知用一般过去时。
9. B。句意是:天哪!我确实忘了带钱包。
10. D。only 加状语置于句首,要用部分倒装,排除 A 和 B; 又因 you 与 allow是被动关系,排除 C。
11. D。以 never 开头的句子要部分倒装; 表示过去(got the job )的过去,要用过去完成时。
12. C。因题干是部分倒装句,只有答案 C 能构成倒装的条件:only 加状语开头的句子要用部分倒装。
13. A。only 加状语置于句首,要用部分倒装。
14. D。not only…but also连接两个分句时,仅仅是 not only 这一分句要部分倒装,but also 后不倒装, 故选D
15. B。因为表示甲不做某事,乙也同样不做某事,用“neither /nor +特殊词+主语”,“特殊词”用与前句中的情态动词、助动词或be 相同,或根据前句的时态,用
do,does,did 。因前句中有would ,后句应重复would ,所以选B 。
16. C。因为以表示“与…一样不/没有”的否定词neither 开头,要用部分倒装,排除A 和B; 又根据there be后的名词end 是单数,be 用is ,而不用are ,所以只有C 正确。
作文三:《倒装句》2600字
倒装句(完全倒装、部分倒装)
一. 完全倒装
1.Here,There, Now, Then等置句首时,用完全倒装。谓语动词常用e,go,be,run,lie等。
There es the bus! Now es your turn.
2.表示方位的副词或介词短语置句首时用完全倒装,句子位于常是e,go等表示运动的词。
1) The door opened and in came the headmaster.
2) By his side stood a little boy. 3) Near the factory was a hospital.
注意上述完全倒装句子中,当主语是人称代词,应该放谓语动词之前。 1Here es Miss Lee. Here she es. ○
2Away t the students. Away they t. ○
3.当句子没有宾语而主语较长/
二.部分倒装
1.以下否定词放句首时用部分倒装:no, never, barely, ),never
before(以前不久),not?until?,no sooner?when 决不),
in no case(决不),in no time(立刻,很快but (also)?等。
2.“only +副词/ 介词短语/
3.so(也-也不)
注意/同样”,也可用so it is/was with sb. / it’s the same with sb.结构。
1) He didn’’s the same with her sister.
注意这种表达是为了对前面意义加以“确定”。
He is always advocating social reforms and he is.
4.so/ such?that?句型中,当so/such?位于句首时,用不完全倒装。
1) So excited to meet again were they that they talked on and on.
2)Such a high-rise position is this that it is necessary for him to have a great sense of responsibility.
5.用于句首省略了if的虚拟条件句,含有should, had, were的,把它们提前。
1) Should it rain, the crops would grow better.
2) Were I your father, I would give the chance.
3) Had it not been for the captain, the ship would have sunk.
4) Did he live in this district, we might find his home.
6.as引导让步状语从句、省略(al)though的让步状语从句用不完全倒装。
1) Does our president lose temper, frankly speaking, he is friendly to his employees. 2) Poor as he is in great poverty, he is sincere.
注意the都应省去。
Child as he is, he reads(读懂) some great works.
7. 用于方式副词(well, gladly, slowly?)或频度副词(often, many a time)开头的句子。但方式状
语置句首也可不倒装。
1) Often did he remind me not to do it.
2) Many a time has he given me good advice.
3) Slowly and impressively did he rise/ he rose from his seat.
8.当前置宾语由not a+名词/ not a single+名词构成时, 用不完全倒装。Not a winning number did he have at the casino(赌场) all night.
9.表示愿望的句型。
Long live the Chinese Communist Party.
10. There be 句型
专项练习:把下列句子变成倒装句
1. I have never found him in such a good mood.
).
3. You’雪崩
7. Tom hadn9. I can’10.The impact() he made on us was so strong that everyone watched him with awe.
_____________________________________________________________________.
11.The performance didn’t e to an end until midnight.
_____________________________________________________________________.
12. There used to be a big box, only where ______ some key documents kept. More, anyone
couldn’t open it unless he was ordered to. So, if one did, he would severely be punished
句子欣赏:
△任何一种文化都有你应该遵循的某些规则和惯例,这样你就不会触犯任何人。
With any culture there are certain rules and customs you should follow so you don’t offend anyone. 1
△这种世界上最古老的测量工具仍有令人惊异的力量。
The world’s oldest measurement tool still has the power to amaze. 2
作文四:《倒装句》3000字
倒装
作用:表示强调或者平衡结构
平衡结构事例: 1.A. To the coal mine came a pany of PLA soldiers with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.
B. A pany of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.谓语过长
完全倒装:又称" 全部倒装", 是指将句子中的谓语全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。
①谓语+主语+……
There be(的各种形式)+主语(+地点或时间状语)
There was a drop in the temperature.温度下降了(主语 a drop 谓语was ,但在there be中,为了理解方便,直接记住为there be句型)
②副词+谓语动词+名词主语+……
Out rushed a young lady.
③过去分词或现在分词+be的各种形式+主语+……
Scattered on the floor were several books and magazines.几本书和杂志散落在地板上
部分倒装:
将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前, 而谓语动词无变化。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do,does 或did ,并将其置于主语之前。
三种基本倒装形式
①疑问句倒装
(特殊疑问词+)系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语……
②there be倒装
③直接引语倒装 阅读题中,常用来引出某人的观点(注意:不是将直接引语里面的句子倒装,是将引出直接引语的主语和谓语倒装)
“Dare to be different,please don’t smoke”pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers ,who desire nothing more than fitting in.
双引号部分为直接引语,正常语序是one billboard pleads””构成完全倒装,aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers,分词结构做后置定语,teenagers ,who…同位语结构,其中who 引导了一个定语从句
几种基本句型
1. 以here ,there ,now ,then 等地点或时间副词开头的句子, 谓语动词是be, e, go, remain等,而主语又是名词时,用全部倒装。注意:如果句子的主语是代词时,则不倒装。如:Here es the bus!/ Here it es!
2 将表示地点的介词短语放在句首进行强调时,使用全部倒装。谓语动词常为不及物动词。如: From the window came the sound of music.
3当句子主语部分较长,谓语部分较短,或为了强调句子的表语时, 常使用全部倒装。句子的结构为“表语+系动词+主语”。如: Gone are the days when we had nothing to eat.
4 if虚拟条件状语从句中,如果将连词if 省略,需用部分倒装。如:Were I you, I would go there. 两点:①去掉if ②标志词had were should提前
But had Entergy kept its word,that debate would be beside the point
还原:but if entergy had kept its word…….
5具有(半) 否定意义的词或短语位于句首时,用部分倒装。如:seldom, rarely, not, never, by no means, in no time, hardly...when, no sooner...than, not only...but also等。如: Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he often helps others with their lessons.
6 “only+状语”位于句首时, 用部分倒装。如:Only then did I know the importance of English. However, only in recent years has the study of law bee a feature of undergraduate programe 正常语序 the study of law has bee…
7 so...that结构中,有时要强调so 所修饰的形容词或副词,常将so 连同它所修饰的形容词或副词一起提前放在句首。如: So bright was the moon that the flowers seem as bright as by day.
8 as引导让步状语从句时
① 从句的谓语部分为“不及物动词+副词”时,常将此副词提前到从句句首。如:Hard as you try, you will not succeed.
② 从句的谓语部分为“情态动词+不及物动词”时,常将此动词提前到从句句首。如: Wait as you may, he will not see you.
③ 从句的谓语部分是“系动词+形容词”时,常将此表语形容词提前到从句句首。如: Proud as the nobles are, they are afraid to see me.
④ 从句的谓语部分是“系动词+单数名词”时,则常将这个表语提前,但要省略名词前的不定冠词。如: Child as he is, he can tell right from wrong.
9 介词结构提前时,常用完全倒装
At the bottom of the world lies a mighty continent still wrapped in the ice age,and,until recent times,unknown to man
10 than 引导比较状语从句时
Studies ….have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response,causing female
under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. 为避免重复,用do 代替了produce
11 not until 句型引导时间状语从句时,not 部分提前至句首,用部分倒装
Not until the technology of behavior replaces traditional prescientific views will it solve our problems
作文五:《倒装句》7700字
倒装句
在英语中, 主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前, 谓语在后。 这类语序被称为 “自然语序” 。 但有时为了强调句子的某一部分, 或由于其它诸如语法结构或修辞上的需要, 句子的谓语移 到主语的前面,形成倒装语序。倒装可分为全部倒装和部分倒装两种形式。
全部倒装是将句子的整个谓语动词放在主语之前, 部分倒装是将谓语的一部分, 如助动 词、情态动词或连系动词 be 等放在主语前面。
第一节 完全倒装
一、 here, there, now, then, thus, hence等词位于句首的倒装形式
以 here, there, now, then, thus, hence等词开头的句子,谓语动词 be, stand, lie, e, go, fall, follow等的一般现在时或一般过去时,句子的谓语全部倒装。
例如:Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.
There stands a table in the middle of the room.
Then followed 8 years of Anti- Japanese war.
Now es your turn.
Here is the book you want.
Thus ended the lesson.
There lies a valley fastness known today as the Old Crow Basin.
注意:当主语为人称代词时,不用倒装,需用自然语序。
Here he es. (Here es the teacher.)
There it goes. (There goes the last bus.)
二、 ahead, away, down, in, off, out ,up等方位副词位于句首的倒装形式
ahead, away, down, in, off, out, up等方位副词或 bang, click, crack等象声词位于句首时, 谓语动词常用 go, e, rush, run等表示位置移动的不及物动作动词的一般过去时,句 子主谓去全部倒装,目的是为了生动地描写这些动作。
例如:Up t to the rocket into the air.
In t the sun and down came the rain.
Following a roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes.
Down came the hammer and out flew the sparks.
Away flew the bird!
注意:如果主语是人称代词,主谓不倒装。
Out he ran.
Away they t.
三、表示地点的介词词组位于句首的倒装形式
介词短语作状语,特别是表示地点的状语,为了使句子平衡放在句首,主谓全部倒装。 例如:Below the mountain ran a little stream.
From the valley came a frightening sound.
Beyond them lay the fields of paddy rice.
In this chapter will be found a partial answer.
After the banquet came a firework display in the garden.
To the list may be added the following names.
At last came the happiest moment!
四、表语位于句首的倒装形式
表语位于句首时谓语全部倒装。 这样的表语常为形容词, 副词,介词短语,现在分词或 过去分词等。 但如果主语是人称代词用正常语序。 有时用作谓语动词的现在分词或过去
分词也有此种用法。
例如:Present will be a person who thinks up an idea for an advertisement, and a person who will buy space in newspapers or time on TV.
Surrounding the earth is a layer of air of unkonwn thickness.
Seated on the ground are a group of young men.
Sweet was tha evening.
Below was a restaurant.
Next to my school is a hospital.
Such would be our home in the future.
Standing besides the table ws an interpreter.
Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.
五、直接引语的倒装
在宾语从句为直接引语的句子里, 若全部或部分直接引语位于主句之前, 主句主语是名 词通常要全部倒装,是代词不倒装。
例如:“ What does the word mean?” asked the boy.
“ Where are you from?” he asked.
“ You should have been here five minutes earlier,” said the teacher.
“ Help! Help! shouted the boy.( The boy shouted, “ Help! Help!” )
“ I ’ m hungry!” Jim will say.
第二节 部分倒装
一、 neither, nor或 so 引导的分句的倒装形式
以 neither, nor或 so 引导的分句, 用来表示相同的看法主谓部分倒装。 neither 或 nor 用 于否定句,含义为“也不“; so 用于肯定句,含义“也如此” 。
例如 : I haven’ t been to New York before and neither has my sister.
She would never sing, nor would she dance.
My sister often calls me and so does my brother.
— I can’ t swim.
— Neither can I.
If you do not go swimming, neither shall I.
注意 1)当 so 开头的句子只是表示对别人的情况加以肯定、确认、表示有同感时,其 含义为“确实如此” , 主谓不倒装。例如:
— They will have a good time.
— So they will.
— It was cold yesterday!
— So it was!
注意 2)当前面说的是两件或两件以上的事、用不同的动词或不同的时态,要用句型: so it is with… (= It is the same with… ) 含义为“ … 也是如此“。例如:
— Mary isn’ t well today and she hasn’ t finished her homework yet.
— So it is with Tom.
Kate likes singing, but she can’ t sing well. So it is with Mary.
Aunt Li was a trained nurse five years ago, but now she’ s a doctor and works in a hospital. So it is with Wei Hua’ s mother.
二、虚拟语气条件状语从句的倒装
在虚拟语气条件状语从句中,如果从句中有 should, were 或 had ,可将这些词提到句首
省略 if 。
例如:Had you not helped me, I would have failed.
Were it fine tomorrow, we should go on a piic.
Were I to stay there, I should not let him off lightly.
Should anyone call, wake me up.
三、 as 或 though 引导的让步状语从句的倒装
as 引导的让步状语从句要把表语 (名词、 形容词) , 状语 (副词) 或实义动词放在句首, 即放在 as 前面,后面是主语 +谓语,不倒装。单数名词放在句首前面不加冠词,形容词 最高级放在句首前面不加 the 。 though 也可用在这种结构中。
例如:Hard as/ though he studied, he didn’ t pass the exam.
Child as/ though she is, she speaks English well.
Pretty as / though she is, she is not clever.
Try as/ though he did, he couldn’ t finish the task successfully.
Oldest (person) as/ though he is in the office, he is modest.
注意:连词 that 也能构成这种让步状语从句。例如:
Cold that it is, the children play outside.
Child that he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
四、 “ only+状语”放在句首时句子主谓或主句主谓部分倒装
例如:Only then, as I looked at the bigger picture, did I notice the huge gilt frame that enclosed my grandmother’ s form.
Only yesterday did he find that his wallet was missing.
Only when you e to know him, will you get along with him.
Only by shouting was he able to make himself heard.
注意:only 修饰主语时谓语不倒装。例如:
Only a doctor can do that operation.
五 .never 等具有否定意义的词或短语放在句首作状语时的倒装
某些具有否定意义的词或短语放在句首作状语时,句子或主句要用部分倒装结构。 常见的这类词有:
barely/ hardly/scarcely … when/before一 … 就(主句谓语动词常用 had done, when/before后常用 did ) no sooner … than 一 … 就
例如:Not until he returned to the school did he know that he failed the exam.
I don’ t like singing, nor/ neither do I like dancing.
In vain did he try to open the locked door.
Barely had he arrived home when he had to leave again.
In no case will he give up the experiment.
No longer are they staying with us.
Not a single word could he say.
Little did we think that the district was so rich in mineral resources.
Under no circustances could we agree to such a principle.
六、 so/ such that句型结构的倒装
当 so/such that 结构中的 so 或 such 位于句首表示强调时,主句要用部分倒装, that 从 句用正常语序。如果结构中的谓语动词用 be 时,则主句要用全部倒装。
例如:So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
(Light travels so fast that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.)
So loudly did he speak that everyone could hear him clearly.
(He spoke so loudly that everyone could hear him clearly.)
Such was the earthquake that the city was destroyed.
(The earthquake was such that the city was destroyed.)
Such a man is he that I don’ t want to see any more of him.
(He is such a man that I don’ t want to see any more of him.)
So bright was the moon that the flowers were bright as by day.
(The moon was so bright that the flowers were bright as by day.)
注意:当这一结构用在某些介词短语中位于句首时, 句子要用部分倒装结构。 这样的短
house.
To such an extent do the parents love their son that they have tried to satisfy every demand of his.
To such lengths did he speak that everyone got bored.
七、频度副词及短语位于句首时的倒装
频度副词及短语位于句首时句子主谓部分倒装。常见的有:often, always, once, many a time, now and then, now and again, every other day, every few weeks.
例如:Many a time in college years have we wandered in the hills.
Twice within her lifetime has she been to England.
Often have I heard it said that it is a good book.
Always did Mr. Li go to help the villagers.
Now and then does he play truant.
八、 well 等表示方式、程度的副词位于句首的倒装
方式或程度等副词位于句首时,句子主谓部分倒装。常见的有:gladly, brightly, bitterly, well 等。
例如:Well do I remember the day I saw her first.
Well did I know her and well did she know me.
Gladly would I accept your proposal.
Bitterly did he report that decision.
九、并列连词 not only … but also等连接句子时的倒装
由并列连词 not only… but also, neither … nor连接的句子,否定词后面的句子倒装。 例如:Not only did he teach at school, but he (also) wrote novels.
Neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory. Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to losing our lives. 注意:neither … nor 或 not only… but also连接主语时,句子用正常语序。例如: Neither his sisters nor his brother has ever been to Europe.
Not only Kate but also her classmates have read the novel.
十、 the+比较级, the+比较级“结构中的倒装
在 the+比较级, the+比较级“结构中,也可以用全部或部分倒装结构。
例如:In winter, the closer to the North Pole, the shorter is the day.
The harder you study, the greater progress you will make.
The thicker is the wire, the smaller is the resistance.
The more you read, the better will you write.
The more you know, the more you will realize how little you know.
十一、表示祝愿的句子的部分倒装
May 表示祈求、愿望时放在主语前,构成部分倒装。
例如:May the friendship between our two people last forever!
May God be with you!
May you return in safety!
注意:在表示祝愿的 long live句型中,常用全部倒装。
Long live the great unity of the people of the world!
作文六:《倒装句》8000字
主语在谓语之后则称为倒装语序(Inverted Order)。
完全倒装(Full Inversion)和部分倒装(Partial Inversion)
1.完全倒装(Full Inversion):又称"全部倒装",是指将句子中的谓语全部置
于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。
2.部分倒装(Partial Inversion):指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前,而谓语动词无变化。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。
表示强调 倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下:
1.only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。
例子:
Only in this way can you solve this problem.
只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。
Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.
只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。
2. hardly, in no way,little,scarcely,seldom,never,no more,no
longer,not,not only,no sooner,not only … (but also),not until…等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。 例子:
No sooner had I got home then it began to rain. 我刚到家就下起了雨。
Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。
Not until twelve o'clock did she go to bed last night. 她昨晚十二点才上床睡觉。
3. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。
例子:
So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌。
To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out. 她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于那两个演员都走出去了。
以上各例都用倒装语序突出了句首成分,其语气较自然语序强烈,因而具有极佳的修辞效果。
倒装句型难句列表
1. Halfway across the room, a small pistol in his hand stood a man.
2. They do not seem to like one another very much, neither are they too keen on conventional people.
3. Down came the “white only” notices in buses, hotels, trains, restaurants, sporting events, rest rooms and on park benches that once could be found everywhere throughout the South.
4. Quite different is the oute of successful insurrections like those of July 1830 and February 1848.
5. Splendid is the architecture of Manhattan, the heart of the city, with its hundred and more skyscrapers.
6. Especially popular were his Sunday evening dinners, usually followed by musical performances.
7. Only in recent years have women begun to catch up with men in this area.
8. Worse perhaps was the idea of Saturday afternoon cricket; most of my friends would be enjoying leisure at that time.
9. But unpopular as red has been in the past, at the moment it is a favorite hair dye.
10. Only when he has lost his way does he realize that he wasn’t careful enough to make sure that he really did understand.
11. Only by being wealthier can countries correct these conditions.
12. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.
13. Out of our emotional experience with objects and events es a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are “good” and others are “bad”.
14. Among the most promising and most thoroughly researched probiotics is the GG strain of Lactobacillus, discovered by Dr. Sherwood Gorbach and biochemist Barry Goldin, both at Tufts University School of Medicine.
15. Only when total production expands faster than the rate of labor force growth plus the rate of productivity increase and minus the rate at which average annual hours fall does the unemployment rate fall
1.Halfway across the room, a small pistol in his hand, stood a man.
结构
全句只有1个谓语动词:stood。本句是完全倒装结构,按正常语序应该是:
A small pistol in his hand, a man stood halfway across the room.
其中,a small pistol in his hand 是一个独立主格结构,修饰主语a man.
翻译
一名男子站在屋子中间,手里拿着一支手枪。
2.They do not seem to like one another very much, neither are they too keen on conventional
people.
结构
全句有2个谓语动词:do和are。本句的后半部分是一个主谓倒装的单句,按正常语序应该是:They are neither too keen on conventional people. 注意neither指的是“(两个中的)一个都不”。
翻译
他们看起来不太喜欢彼此。他们也都不怎么喜欢传统的人(普通人)。
3.Down came the “white only” notices in buses, hotels, trains, restaurants, sporting events, rest rooms and on park benches that once could be found everywhere throughout the South.
结构
全句有2个谓语动词:came,could be。其中主句的是:came。按照正常语序句子主干应该是:The “white only” notices ? came down. Notices后面的介词短语,作为后置定语修饰notices。介词短语后面还有一个that引导的定语从句修饰notices。为了避免主语部分过于冗长,因而将主谓倒装。
翻译
曾经一度在南部的公车上,旅馆里,火车上,饭店里,在体育赛事中,在公共卫生间里,在公园长椅上到处可见的“白人专用”的牌子已经取下。
4.Quite different is the oute of successful insurrections like those of July 1830 and February 1848. 结构
全句只有1个谓语动词:is。本句是一个完全倒装句,按照正常语序应该是:The oute of successful insurrections like those of July 1830 and February 1848, is quite different.介词短语like those of?作为后置定语修饰insurrections,其中为了省略而使用those 代替the insurrections。
翻译
像1830年7月起义和1848年2月起义这样的成功起义的结果是大不相同的。
5.Splendid is the architecture of Manhattan, the heart of the city, with its hundred and more skyscrapers. 结构
全句只有1个谓语动词:is。本句是一个完全倒装句。按照正常语序应该是:The architecture of Manhattan, the heart of the city, with its hundred and more skyscrapers, is splendid.
翻译
作为这座城市的中心,曼哈顿的摩天大厦有百余幢之多,其建筑十分壮观。
6.Especially popular were his Sunday evening dinners, usually followed by musical performances. 结构
全句只有1个谓语动词:were。本句是一个完全倒装句,按照正常语序应该是:His Sunday evening dinners, usually followed by musical performances, were especially popular. 过去分词短语followed by musical performances作为后置定语修饰dinners。
翻译
他的周日晚餐尤其受欢迎,晚餐结束后通常还有音乐演出。
7.Only in recent years have women begun to catch up with men in this area. 结构
全句只有1个谓语动词:begun。本句是一个以only开头的主谓倒装句,按照正常语序应该是:Women have begun to catch up with men in this area only in recent years. Only在句中起强调作用,所强调的是in recent years.
翻译
仅仅是近几年来,妇女才开始在这个领域赶上男子。
8.Worse perhaps was the idea of Saturday afternoon cricket; most of my friends would be enjoying leisure at that time. 结构
全句有2个谓语动词:was和would be。整句话由两个简单句构成,其中第一个简单句是一个完全倒装句,按照正常语序应该是:The idea of Saturday afternoon cricket was perhaps worse。
翻译
星期六下午去打板球这主意也许更糟糕;那个时候我的朋友通常都会自在享受悠闲时光。
9.But unpopular as red has been in the past, at the moment it is a favorite hair dye. 结构 全句有2个谓语动词:has been和is。其中,as引导的让步状语从句是一个部分倒装句,按照正常语序应该是:Although red has been unpopular in the past。句子可被拆分为: 1. Red has been unpopular in the past.
2. But at the moment it is a favorite hair dye.
翻译
尽管过去红色不怎么流行,现在却是一种备受欢迎的染发颜色。
10.Only when he has lost his way does he realize that he wasn’t careful enough to make sure that he really did understand.
结构
全句有4个谓语动词:has,does realize,wasn’t和did understand.。其中主句的是:does realize。本句话是以only开头的强调句,其所强调的是when引导的条件状语从句。第一个that引导的是realize的宾语从句。第一个that引导的是make sure的宾语从句。 翻译
只有当他迷了路,他才明白到当时自己不够谨慎,没有确定自己是否真的懂了。
11.Only by being wealthier can countries correct these conditions.
全句只有1个谓语动词:can correct。本句话是以only开头的强调句,其所强调的是方式状语by being wealthier。按照正常语序应该是:Countries can correct these conditions only by being wealthier。
翻译
一个国家只有通过变得富强才能纠正这些问题。
12.Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter. 结构
全句有3个谓语动词:were,should have和should hesitate。其中主句的是:should hesitate。本句是一个条件式虚拟倒装句。前半部分是一个if引导的条件状语从句,按照正常语序为:If it were left to me to decide?。whether引导的是decide的宾语从句。
翻译
如果由我来决定是有政府无报纸还是有报纸无政府,我会毫不犹豫选择后者。
13.Out of our emotional experience with objects and events es a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are “good” and others are “bad”.
结构
全句有3个谓语动词:es,are和are。其中主句的是:es,两个are是that引导的主语feeling的同位语从句中的两个并列谓语。为了避免造成头重脚轻的感觉,主句是一个完全倒装句,按照正常语序句子主干应该为:
A social feeling of agreement ? es out of our emotional experience with objects and events. 翻译
从我们对于客观物体和事件的情感经验中产生了一种共同的社会情绪:某些东西和行为是“好的”而其他的是“坏的”。
14.Among the most promising and most thoroughly researched probiotics is the GG strain of Lactobacillus, discovered by Dr. Sherwood Gorbach and biochemist Barry Goldin, both at Tufts University School of Medicine. 结构
全句只有1个谓语动词:is。整个句子是一个完全倒装句,按照正常语序句子主干应该:The GG strain of Lactobacillus ? is among the most promising and most thoroughly researched probiotics。过去分词短语discovered by…作为后置定语修饰the GG strain of Lactobacillus,后面的短语both at…则是两个人名的定语。
翻译
由塔夫茨大学医学院舍伍德·哥尔巴赫教授和生化学家巴利·格尔丁发现的鼠李糖乳杆菌是最有前途并且研究得最充分的益生菌之一。
15.Only when total production expands faster than the rate of labor force growth plus the rate of productivity increase and minus the rate at which average annual hours fall does the unemployment rate fall.
结构
全句有4个谓语动词:expands,fall和does fall。其中主句的是:does fall。这是一个由only开头的条件式强调句,主句采用倒装句式。按照正常语序句子主干应该为:the unemployment rate does fall。在when引导的条件状语从句中which引导的是第三个rate的定语从句。
翻译
只有当总产量增长率大于劳动力增长速率加上生产力增长率并减去平均年劳动时间下降的速率时,失业率才会下降。
作文七:《倒装句》4200字
倒装句
倒装是一种语法手段, 用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要。 英语的最 甚本结构是主谓结构,倒装就是将这种比较固定的词序加以颠倒。
倒装分为完全倒装和部分倒装。
倒装的原因有两种。一是语法结构的需要(如某些疑问旬) ,二是修辞的需要。
1 倒装概述
英语的基本语序是“主语 +谓语” 。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前,这种语序叫 做倒装语序。
倒装主要有两种, 完全倒装和部分倒装。 完全倒装是指将句子的全部谓语置于主语之前。 若 句子中只有谓语的一部分(通常是助动词或情态动词)位于主语之前,则称之为部分倒装。 Here es the bus. 汽车来了。
“ I love you,” whispered Mary. “我爱你, ”玛丽私语道。
Never have I been there before. 我从没到过那儿。
Only yesterday did I realize what was going on. 直到昨天,我才意识到发生了什么。
2 倒装的应用
倒装的原因一是语法结构的需要(如某些疑问句) ,一是修辞的需要。
2.1 语法倒装
2.1.1 疑问句中要用倒装语序。
Is her sister doing her homework? 她妹妹是正在做家庭作业吗?
Do you like these animals. 你喜欢这些动物吗?
Can you tell me the way to the bus station? 你能告诉我怎么去汽车站吗?
Could you do me a favour to close the window? 你能帮忙关上窗子吗?
Why didn’ t you attend Mary’ s birthday party yesterday?
你昨天为什么没参加玛丽的生日聚会?
2.1.2 there be结构中要用倒装语序。
There are many people over there. 那边有很多人。
There used to be a church near our school. 我们学校附近曾经有一个教堂。
There are two old women waiting for you at the gate.
有两个老妇人在大门口等你。
2.1.3直接引语后注明谁讲的话的句子,主语是名词时,常用倒装语序。
“ What ’ s your name?” asked the teacher. “你叫什么名字?, ”老师问。
“ What is it all about?” asked the stranger. “究竟是什么事呢?”陌生人问。
2.1.4 当表示虚拟语气的条件状语从旬省略王时,要将 should , had 或 were 置于从句主语之 前,构成倒装语序。
Should it rain, the crops would be saved.
= If it should rain, the crops would be saved.
如果下雨,庄稼就有救了。
Should he act like that again, he would be fired immediately.
= If he should act like that again, he would be fired immediately.
要是他再那样做,他会被立即解雇的。
2.1.5 把 so , neither, nor放在句首,表示前面肯定或否定的内容也适合于后面的人或物,要 用倒装语序。
Y ou can ride a bike. So can I. 你能骑自行车,我也能。
Tom speaks English very well. So does Amanda.
汤姆英语说得很好,阿曼达也是如此。
I have never been abroad, neither has he. 我没出过国,他也是。
I didn’ t go to the cinema last night, nor did he. 昨晚我没去看电影,他也没去。
2.1.6 as引导让步状语从句常用倒装语序。
表语 +as+主语 +系动词
Old as he is, he works hard.
=Although he is old, he works hard.
尽管他很老,但他工作很努力。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
=Although he is a child, he knows a lot.
尽管他是个孩子,但他懂得很多。
状语 + as+主语 +谓语动词
Late as he came, he saw the famous man.
= Although he came late, he saw the famous man.
尽管来晚了,他还是见到那个名人了。
谓语 + as +主语 +助动词
Try as we did, we failed again.
=Although we tried, we failed again.
尽管我们努力了,但还是失败了。
2.1.7 so… that 和 such … that 引导状语从句,当 so 或 such 位于句首时,主句要用倒装语序。 So badly did he do his homework that the teacher criticized him.
他的作业做得太差,老师批评了他。
So loudly did he speak that everyone in the room could hear him clearly.
他说话的声音那么大,房间里所有的人都听得清楚。
某些表示愿望的感叹句用倒装语序,
Long live our friendship! 我们的友谊万岁!
May you succeed! 祝你成功!
2.2 修辞倒装
2.2.1 副词(短语)放在旬首时要用倒装语序。
以 here, there, now, then, up, down, out, in, away等开头的句子, 要用完全倒装表示特别强调的 语气。
There goes the bell. = The bell goes.铃响了。
A way t the boy. =The boy t away. 那男孩走开了。
2.2.2 否定词放在句首时要用倒装语序。
以 never, seldom, not, neither, nor, little, hardly… when, not only… but also, no sooner… than 等否 定词开头的句子,要部分倒装。通常只把助动词、系动词、情态动词提到主语之前。 Never shall forget it. 我永远忘不了这件事。
Seldom does he go out. 他不常出门。
Not a single mistake did he make. 他没有犯一个错误。
Nor am I aware that anyone else knows the secret.
我也不知道别人谁能知道这个秘密。
Little did I think John will lose the game.
我一点也没想到约翰会输掉比赛。
Hardly had the thief seen the policeman when he ran away.
这个小偷一看到警察就逃跑了。
Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to losing our lives.
我们不但把钱全丢了,还几乎丧了命。
No sooner had he been back at home than he realized his mistake.
他一回到家就意识到他弄错了。
2.2.3 以 only 修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时要用倒装语序。
Only in my house do they feel at home. 只有在我家里,他们才感觉随意。
Only then did I realize that I was wrong. 只有到那时,我才意识到我错了。
Only in this way can you work out the problem.
只有这样,你才可以算出这个问题。
Only when he came home did she learn the news. 他回家后她才知道这消息。
2.2.4 介词短语作地点状语放在旬首时要用倒装语序。
By his side stood a little boy. 他身旁站着一个小男孩。
In the middle of the lake lies a small island. 湖的中央有一个小岛。
Behind the hill is a new expressway. 小山的后面是一条新的高速公路。
From the window came sound of music. 从窗户里传来了音乐声。
2.2.5 方式副词 (well)或频度副词 (often, many a time)放在句首时要用倒装语序。
Well do I remember the day. 那个日子我记忆犹新。
Often did he remind me not to do it. 他时常提醒我不要那样做。
Many a time has he given me good advice. 他多次给我忠告。
2.2.6有时为了保持句子平衡、衔接,或为了强调表语或状语,而把表语或状语前置。 Present at the dancing party were the teachers in our school and some foreign friends.
出席舞会的是我们学校的老师和一些外国朋友。
At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake, and near the lake are some farm houses, hidden in trees. 山脚下有一个美丽的湖,湖边有一些农舍,掩映在树丛中。
作文八:《倒装句》2400字
中文名:倒装句
作用:强调、突出等
原理:颠倒原有语序的句式
感叹句疑问句:谓语将它放到句首
类型:否定句中代词充当宾语
应用:英语、文言等
文言
主谓倒装
也叫谓语前置或主语后置。古汉语中。谓语的位置也和现代汉语中一样,一般放在主语之后,但有时为了强调和突出谓语的意义,在一些疑问句或感叹句中,就把谓语提前到主语前面。例:甚矣,汝之不惠。全句是?汝之不惠甚矣?。谓语前置,表强调的意味,可译为?你太不聪明 了?
宾语前置
否定句中代词充当宾语、疑问代词充当动词或介词的宾语以及用?之?字或?是?字作为提宾标志时,宾语通常都要前置。
文言文中,动词或介词的宾语,一般放置于动词或介词之后,如下几种情况除外:
①、疑问句中,疑问代词做宾语,宾语前置。这类的句子,介词的宾语也是前置的。
a 介宾倒装 例:?孔文子何以谓之‘文’也?? ?何以?是?以何?的倒装,可译为?为什么? 微斯人,吾谁与归 ??吾谁与归?是?吾与谁归?的倒装,可译为?我和谁同道呢??
b 谓宾倒装 例:何有于我哉??何有?是?有何?的倒装。古汉语中,疑问代词做宾语时,一般放在谓语的前面。可译为?有哪一样?。孔子云:?何陋之有?? ?何陋之有?即?有何陋?的倒装。可译为?有什么简陋呢???何?,疑问代词,?之?,助词,无实在意义,在这里是宾语前置的标志。
②、 文言否定句中,代词做宾语,宾语前置。例:僵卧孤村不自哀 ?不自哀?是?不哀自?的倒装,可译为?不为自己感到悲哀?。?自?,代词,在否定句中,代词做宾语要前置。另如?忌不自信?,?自信?即?信自?,意相信自己。
③、 用?之?或?是?把宾语提于动词前,以突出强调宾语。这时的?之?只是宾语前置的标志,没有什么实在意义。例:" 莲之爱,同予者何人?" ——?莲之爱?即?爱莲?的倒装,可译为?对于莲花的喜爱?。" 孔子云:?何陋之有?? ——?何陋之有?即?有
何陋?的倒装。可译为?有什么简陋呢?。这里的?之?,助词,无实在意义,在这里是宾语前置的标志。
④、 介词?以?的宾语比较活跃,即使不是疑问代词,也可以前置,表示强调。例:是以谓之?文?也。?是以?是?以是?的倒装,可译为?因此?。?是?是指示代词,指代前面的原因。
⑤、 其他,表示强调。万里赴戎机,关山度若飞 ?关山度?是?度关山?的倒装。可译为?跨过一道道关,越过一道道山?。
定语后置
古汉语中有时为了突出修饰语,将定语放在中心词之后。
文言文中,定语的位置一般也在中心词前边,但有时为了突出中心词的地位,强调定语所表现的内容,或使语气流畅,往往把定语放在中心词之后。
①、?中心词+后置定语+者? 遂率子孙荷担者三夫 , ?荷担者三夫?是?三夫荷担者?的倒装,定语?三夫?后置,以突出中心词?荷担者?,可译为?三个能挑担子的成年男子?。峰回路转,有亭翼然临于泉上者,醉翁亭也。?亭翼然临于泉上?是?翼然临于泉上亭 ?的倒装,定语后置,可译为?一座像鸟儿张开翅膀一样高踞在
泉上的亭子。?
②、 ?中心词+之+后置定语+者? 例:予谓菊,花之隐逸者也。?花之隐逸者?是?隐逸之花?的倒装。可译为?具有隐逸气质的花?③、数量词做定语后置 例:尝贻余核舟一,?核舟一?是?一核舟?的倒装,定语?一?后置,可译为?一个核舟?
介宾结构后置
(也叫状语后置)
①、用介词?于?组成的介宾短语在文言文中大都后置,译成现代汉语时,除少数译作补语外,大多数都要移到动词前做状语。例:何有于我哉? 全句为?于我有何哉?的倒装句,介宾结构?于我?后置。译为?在我身上有哪一样呢??告之于帝?是?于帝告之?的倒装,介宾结构?于帝?后置,译为?向天帝报告了这件事?躬耕于南阳,苟全性命于乱世,全句为?于南阳躬耕,于乱世苟全性命?的倒装,介宾结构?于南阳、于乱世?后置,可译为?亲自在南阳耕种,在乱世中苟且保全性命?
②、介词?以?组成的介宾短语后置,在今译时,一般都前置做状语。例:屠惧,投以骨。全句为?以骨投之?的倒装,介宾结构?以骨?后置。译为?把骨头扔给它? 为坛而盟,祭以尉首。?祭以尉首?
是?以尉首祭?的倒装,介宾结构?以尉首?后置,可译为?用将尉的头来祭祀? 醉能同其乐,醒能述以文者。?述以文?是?以文述?的倒装,介宾结构?以文?后置,可译为?用文字来记述? 愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效 ?托臣以讨贼兴复之效?是?以讨贼兴复之效托臣?的倒装,介宾结构?以讨贼兴复之效?后置。
白话
现代汉语中常见的倒装句有:主语和谓语倒置,定语、状语和中心语倒置。
主谓
主语在前,谓语在后,这是正常的、一般的语序。有时也会颠倒过来,谓语前置,这是最常见的变式句,这种现象常见于疑问句、祈使句和感叹句,谓语和主语之间一般有停顿,书面上用逗号隔开。构成:?谓——主?格。例如:
上哪儿找啊,你?(疑问句)
放心吧,爸爸妈妈!(祈使句)
终于过去了,中国最后一个王朝的统治!(感叹句)
他们已经去上课了。(陈述句)
这往往是为了强调谓语,或者是说话急促而先把重点说出,然后追加主语。主语一般读轻声。
定语状语后置
定语、状语在中心语前,这是正常的、一般的语序。有时也会放到中心语之后。后置的定语、状语限于一些?的?字短语、形容词、副词和介词短语。构成:?中心语——定/状语?格。如:
许多外国人,到中国游历的,都特地赶来观礼这次大婚的盛况。(定语后置,?的?字短语)
农民们,男的女的、老的少的,愁眉苦脸地清理着破烂的东西。(定语后置,?的?字短语)
头上插着许多鲜花,横七竖八的。(定语后置,?的?字短语)
他走上了领奖台,慢慢地,羞怯地。(状语后置,形容词)
她站在哪儿,静静地。(状语后置,形容词)
他醉熏熏地走着,摇摇摆摆地。(状语后置,形容词)
同学们都来了,从祖国的四面八方。(状语后置,介词短语)
他退休了吧,大概。(状语后置副词)
定语、状语后置往往是为了突出它,因而能使句子节奏更明快、更简洁有力,可变长句为短句,有时还可以起到强调、补充作用。
有时要强调状语的中心语,也会把状语放后:?他退休了吧,大概。?
作文九:《倒装句》5700字
文言文特殊句式和用法
一、判断句
用“者??也”表判断
“陈胜者,阳城人也。”(陈胜是阳城人)
“方柯者,语文小栈之站长也。”(方柯是语文小栈网站的站长)
“廉颇者,赵之良将也。”(廉颇是赵国的良将)
句末用“也”表判断
“城北徐公,齐国之美丽者也。”(城北徐公是齐国的美丽的人)
“方柯,天才也。”(方柯是天才)
用“者”表判断
“方柯者,中国之人。”(方柯,是中国人)
用“为”表判断
“为天下理财,不为征利。”(??不能说是设法生财)
用“乃”表判断
“是乃狼也。”(这是狼)
“电脑乃高科技用具。”(电脑是高科技用具)
文言文判断句最显著的特点就是基本上不用判断词" 是" 来表示,而往往让名词或名词性短语直接充当谓语,对主语进行判断,其句式有如下几种表示法:
“......者,...... 也。”这是文言判断句最常见的形式。主语后用“者”,表示提顿,有舒缓语气的作用,谓语后用“也”结句,对主语加以肯定的判断或解说。如:“陈涉者,阳城人也。”(《史记.了涉世家》)
“......,...... 也。”判断句中,有时“者”和“也”不一定同时出现,一般省略" 者" ,只用“也”表判断。如:“操虽托名汉相,其实汉贼也。”(《资治通鉴》)
“......者,...... 。”有的判断句,只在主语后用“者”表示提顿,这种情况不常见。如:“四人者,庐陵萧君圭君玉,长乐王回深父,余弟安国平父,安上纯父。”(王安石《游褒禅山记》)
“......者也。”在句末连用语气词“者也”,表示加强肯定语气,这时的“者”不表示提顿,只起称代作用。这种判断句,在文言文中也比较常见。如:“城北徐公,齐国之美丽者也。”(《战国策.齐策》)
无标志判断句。文言文中的判断句有的没有任何标志,直接由名词对名词作出判断。如:“刘备天下枭雄。”(《赤壁之战》)另外,在文言文中有时为了加强判断的语气,往往在动词谓语前加副词“乃、必、亦、即、诚、皆、则”等。
需要注意的是,判断句中谓语前出现的“是”一般都不是判断词,而是指示代词,作判断句的主语,而有些判断句中的“是”也并非都不表示判断,“是”在先秦古汉语中少作判断词,在汉以后作判断词则多起来。还有,肯定判断谓语前加的副词和否定判断谓语前加的否定副词“非”,都不是判断词。
判断句是对事物的性质、情况、事物之间的关系做出肯定或否定判断的句子。文言中常用以下几种形式表示判断。
1.用“者”或“也”表判断。这是典型的文言判断形式。有用“??者,?也”的,其中“者”表停顿,“也”表判断;有单用“者”或“也”的;也有“者也”在句尾连用的。
例如:陈胜者,阳城人也。(司马迁《陈涉世家》)
师者,所以传道受业解惑也。(韩愈《师说》)
四人者,庐陵萧君圭君玉,长乐王回深父,??(王安石《游褒禅山记》) 项脊轩,旧南阁子也。(归有光《项脊轩志》)
夫战,勇气也。(《左传·曹判论战》)
莲,花之君子者也。(周敦颐《爱莲说》)
2.用副词“乃”“则”“即”“皆”“耳”等表判断。这种形式也较为多见。例如:
当立者乃公子扶苏。(司马迁《陈涉世家》)
此则岳阳楼之大观也。(范仲淹《岳阳楼记》)
即今之偶然在墓者也。(张溥《五人墓碑记》)
夫六国与秦皆诸侯。(苏洵《六国论》)
3.用动词“为”“是”表判断。其中“是”表判断,要注意和用作代词的“是”的区别。例如:
故今之墓中全乎为五人也。(张溥《五人墓碑记》)
如今人方为刀俎,我为鱼肉,何辞为? (司马迁《鸿门宴》)
问今是何世,乃不知有汉,无论魏晋。(陶渊明《桃花源记》)
巨是凡人,偏在远郡,行将为人所并。(司马光《赤壁之战》)
石之铿然有声者,所在皆是也。(代词,这样) (苏轼《石钟山记》)
同行十二年,不知木兰是女郎。(《木兰诗》)
4.用否定副词“非”等表示否定的判断。例如:
六国破灭,非兵不利,战不善,弊在赂秦(苏洵《六国论》)
城非不高也,池非不深也,兵革非不坚利也??(《孟子·得道多助,失道寡助》
5.直接表示判断。既不用判断词,也不用语气词,通过语意直接表示判断。例如:
刘备天下条雄。(司马光《赤壁之战》)
刘豫州王室之胃。(同上)
二、 被动句
什么是被动句?所谓被动,是指主语与位于之间的关系是被动关系,也就是说,主语是位于动词所表示的行为的被动者、受害者,而不是主动者、实施者。
用“为”表被动
“身死人手,为天下笑者。”(??被天下人嘲笑)
用“被”表被动
“忠而被谤,能无怨乎?”(忠心却被别人诽谤,能不怨恨吗?)
用“见”表被动
“??徒见欺”(??白白地被欺骗)
用“于”表被动
“受制于人”(被人控制)
“不能容于远近。”(不能被邻里所容)
被动句总结文言文中,被动句的主语是谓语动词所表示的行为被动者,受事者,而不是主动者,施事者。在古汉语中,在古汉语中,被动句主要有两大类型:一是在标志的被动句,即借助一些被动词来表示,二是无标志的被动句,又叫意念被动句。
1、有标志的被动句,大体有以下几种形式:
动词后用介词“于”表被动,“于”起介绍引进动作行为的主动者的作用。如:“故内惑于郑袖,外欺于张仪。”(《史记.屈原列传》)这里“惑”、“欺”的动作是由“于”后的“郑袖”、“张仪”发出来的。
有时也在介词“于”或动词前加“受”,形成“受...... 于...... 。”的形式表被动。如:“吾不能举金吴之地,十万之从,受制于人。”(《资治通鉴》)
用“见”、“于”,“见...... 于...... 。”表被动。如:“秦城恐不可得,徒见欺。”(《史记.廉颇蔺相如列传》)“臣诚恐见欺于王而负赵。”(同上)“暴见于王。”(《孟子.梁惠王下》)
“见”有一种特殊用法和表被动的“见”的形式很相近,如:“冀君实或见怒也。”(《答司马谏议书》)这里的“见”不表被动,它是放丰动词前,表示对自己怎么样的客气说法,像现代汉语中的“见谅”等那为此种用法。用“为”,“为...... 所..... 。”表被动。如:“(巨)偏在远郡,
行将为人所并。”(《资治通鉴》)
用“被”表被动。如:“予犹记周公之被逮,在丁卯三月之望。”(张溥《五人墓碑记》)
1、无标志的被动句,这种情况是指没有被动词的被动句。如:“荆州之民附操者,逼兵势耳。”(《资治通鉴》)这里的“逼兵势”是“被兵势所逼”的意思。
被动句是表示被动意义的句子。文言中,常常借助一些介词表示被动。
1.用介词“于”“受??于??”表被动(“于”引出动作的主动者) 。例如:
则今之高爵显位,一旦抵罪,或脱身以逃,不能容于远近。(张溥《五人墓碑记》)
六艺经传皆通习之,不拘于时,学于余。(韩愈《师说》)
吾不能举全吴之地,十万之众,受制于人。(司马光《赤壁之战》)
2.用“为”“为??所??”(“为”引出动作的主动者) 或“??为所??”表被动。
例如:
及其衰也,数十伶人困之,而身死国灭,为天下笑。(欧阳修《伶官传序》) 吴广素爱人,士卒多为用者。(司马迁《陈涉世家》)
今不速往,恐为操所先。(司马光《赤壁之战》)
有如此之势,而为秦人积威之所劫。(苏洵《六国论》)
不者,若属皆且为所虏。(司马迁《鸿门宴》)
3.用“见”“见??于??”表被动(“于”引出动作的主动者) 。例如: 动见瞻观,何时易乎? (曹丕《与吴质书》)
吾长见笑于大方之家。(《庄子·秋水》)
4.用介词“被”表被动。例如:
予犹记周公之被逮。(张溥《五人墓碑记》)
参佐无不被系束。(《世说新语·桓南郡好猎》)
5.动词本身表被动。这是意念上的被动句,需要根据上下文来判别。例如: 蔓草犹不可除,况君之宠弟乎? (《左传·郑伯克段于鄢》)
傅说举于版筑之间,胶鬲举于鱼盐之中,??(《孟子·生于忧患,死于安乐》)
三、 省略句
1、 主语的省略
就是把主语省略掉。
例如:
(1) 承前省。如:永州之野产异蛇,(是蛇) 黑质而白章;(蛇) 触草木,草木尽死;(蛇) 以啮人,(人) 无御之者。[承前省主语]
蹇叔之子与师,哭而送之。(《淆之战》)
(2)承后省。如:“沛公谓张良曰:‘(公)度我至军中,公乃入。’” 七月在野,八月在宇,九月在户。十月蟋蟀,入我床下。(《诗经?七月》)
(3)自述省。如:“(予)爱是溪,(予)得其尤绝者家焉。”
(4)对话省。如:“(孟子)曰:‘独乐乐,与人乐乐,孰乐?’(王)曰:‘不若与人。’”
2、 谓语的省略
就是把谓语省略掉。”
例如“夫战,勇气也。一鼓作气,再(鼓)而衰,三(鼓)而竭??。
3、修饰语和中心词的省略。如:
吾妻之美我者,私我也;(吾) 妾之美我者,畏我也;(吾) 客之美我者,欲有求于我也。[修饰语的省略]
行一不义(事) ,杀一无罪(人) ,而得天下,不为也。[中心词的省略]
3、宾语与兼语的省略。文言文不但常省略动词宾语,也常省略兼语结构中的兼语。如:
(赵括) 尝与其父言兵事,(赵) 奢不能难(之) ,然不谓(之) 善。
杞子自郑使(人) 告于秦。
郑穆公使(人) 视客馆。
屠惧,投(之)以骨。(《狼》)
4、介词和介词宾语的省略。如:
死马且买之(以) 五百金,况生马乎?
臣与将军戮力而攻秦,将军战(于) 河南,臣战(于) 河北。
试与他虫斗,(他) 虫尽靡。又试之(以) 鸡,果如臣言。
此人一一为(之)具言所闻
旦日,客从外来,与(其)坐谈。(《邹忌讽齐王讷谏》)
5、分句的省略。如:
然力足以至焉,(而未至,) 于人为可讥,而在己为有悔。
骐骥一跃,不能十步;驽马十驾,(亦可致远) ,功在不舍
古今汉语都有成分省略,但又有所不同。这不同又表现在两方面:一是古汉语中省略的情况更多,二是现代汉语习惯上不能省的古汉语也可省。
省略句总结
句子成分的省略,在文言文和现代汉语中都有,不过,文言文中的活力句更普遍。常见的有以下几种情形:
1省略主语有承前面的主语省略,有呼应下文省略,在对话中也常常省略主语。文言文中的第三称代词“之”、“其”不能作主语,也是文言文中主语多省略的原因之一。如:“自吾氏三世居是乡,积于今六十年矣,而乡邻之日蹙。殚其地之出,竭其庐之入,号呼而转徒,饥渴而顿踣,触风雨,犯寒暑,呼嘘毒疠,往往而死者相藉也。”有时一个复句或一段话中多处省略主语,这些主语并不一贯,即所指不是同一对象,在阅读和翻译时要注意。如:“见渔人,乃大惊,问所从来。具答之。便要还家,设酒杀鸡作食。”(《桃花源记》)在翻译成现代汉语时,省略的主语要补充出来。
2省略谓语为主是句子里最重要的成分,一般是不能省略的。但在特定情况下也有承接上文、呼应下文或因对话而省略的。如:“择其善者而从之,其不善者而改之。”(《论语》六则)后一分句省略了谓语“择”。在译成现代汉语时,被省略的为主要补充出来。
3省略宾语宾语的省略有两种情况:省略动词的宾语和省略介词的宾语。如:“以相如功大,拜为上卿。”(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)这句话就省略了动词谓语“拜”的宾语“之”又如:“竖子不足与谋!”(《鸿门宴》)这句话中省略了介词“与”的宾语“之”。在文言文中, 介词“以”、“为”、“与”的宾语" 之" 往承上文省略。在译成现代汉语时,省略了的动词宾语或介词宾语要补充出来。
4省略介词在文言文中,介词“于”和“以”常被省略。如:“后数日驿至,果地震陇西。”(《张衡传》)句中省略了介词“于”。又如:“赐之彘肩。”(《鸿门宴》)句中省略了介词“以”。泽为现代汉语时,省略了的介词也要补充出来。
四、倒装句
(一)、宾语前置
1、 否定句中代词宾语前置
这类宾语前置,要具备两个条件:一是宾语必须是代词;二是必须是否定句,由“不”、“未”、“毋”、“莫”等否定词表示。在这种情况下,代词宾语要放在动词之前和否定词之后。例如:
《硕鼠》:“三岁贯汝,莫我肯顾。”“莫我肯顾”应理解成“莫肯顾我”。 忌不自信《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》〈战国策〉
然而不王者,未之有也。 《寡人之于国也》〈孟子〉
句读之不知,惑之不解,或师焉,或不(否)焉。(之,宾语提前的标志)《师说》
古之人不余欺也! 《石钟山记》苏轼
不吾知其亦已兮,苟(只要)余情其信芳(美好)。 《离骚》屈原 东望愁泣,若不自胜。 《柳毅传》李朝威
见大王爱女牧羊于野,所(代词,“之人”)不忍视。 《柳毅传》李朝威 是以后世无传焉,臣未之闻也。 《齐桓晋文之事》〈孟子〉
保民而王,莫之能御也。 《齐桓晋文之事》〈孟子〉
而良人未之知也。 《齐人有一妻一妾》〈孟子〉
2、疑问句中代词宾语前置
文言文中用疑问代词“谁”、“何”、“奚”、“安”等做宾语时往往放在动词的前面。
例如:《鸿门宴》:“良问曰:‘大王来何操?’”“何操”应理解为“操何”
吾孰与徐公美?《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》〈战国策〉
以五十步笑百步,则何如? 《寡人之于国也》〈孟子〉
彼且奚适也? 《逍遥游》〈庄子〉
彼且恶(何)乎待哉? 《逍遥游》〈庄子〉
沛公安在? 《鸿门宴》〈史记〉
夫晋,何厌之有?(之,宾语提前的标志) 《烛之武退秦师》〈左传〉
吾实为之,其又何尤(怨)? 《祭十二郎文》韩愈
洞庭君安在哉? 《柳毅传》李朝威
无情郎安在? 《柳毅传》李朝威
3、介词宾语提前: 在现代汉语中,介词后面跟着宾语,组成介宾结构,用来修饰动词谓语。在文言文中,介词宾语往往置与介词之前,形成一种倒置的现象。例如:
《岳阳楼记》:“臆!微斯人吾谁与归?”“谁与归”应理解为“与谁归”。 一旦山陵崩,长安君何以自托于赵? 《触龙说赵太后》〈战国策〉 不为者与不能者之形(情形), 何以异? 《齐桓晋文之事》〈孟子〉
吾王庶几无疾病与,何以能鼓乐也?何以能田(畋)猎也?《庄暴见孟子》〈孟子〉
不然,籍何以至此? 《鸿门宴》〈史记〉
余是以记之。 《石钟山记》苏轼
将子无怒,秋以为期。 《卫风?氓》〈诗经〉
是以区区不能废远。 《陈情表》李密
是以君子远庖厨也。 《齐桓晋文之事》〈孟子〉
奚以知其然也? 《逍遥游》〈庄子〉
4、特殊结构:用" 之" 、" 是" 将宾语提前。
前世不同教,何古之法?(效法哪一个古代)
宋何罪之有?(宋国有什么罪过?)
惟命是听 (成语)
惟利是图 (成语)
惟马首是瞻 《冯婉贞》
惟兄嫂是依 《祭十二郎文》韩愈
惟你是问。
5、普通宾语前置
在一般性的宾语前置中,大家要注意语感
作文十:《倒装句》1000字
倒装句
※ 每假借于藏书之家 《送东阳马生序》 状语后置
※ 弗之怠 《送东阳马生序》 宾语前置
※ 负箧曳屣行深山巨谷中 《送东阳马生序》 状语后置
※ 刻唐贤今人诗赋于其上 ※ 微斯人,吾谁与归? ※ 渐闻水声潺潺而泻出于两峰之间者※ 太守与客来饮于此 ※ 至于负者歌于途,行者休于树 ※ 醉能同其乐,醒能述以文者 ※ 受地于先王 ※ 安陵君因使唐雎使于秦 ※ 休祲降于天 ※ 祭以尉首 《岳阳楼记》 《岳阳楼记》 《醉翁亭记》 《醉翁亭记》 《醉翁亭记》 《醉翁亭记》 《唐雎不辱使命》《唐雎不辱使命》《唐雎不辱使命》《陈涉世家》 状语后置
宾语前置
状语后置
状语后置
状语后置
状语后置
状语后置
状语后置
状语后置
状语后置
※ 宋何罪之有? 《公输》 宾语前置
※ 胡不见我于王? 《公输》 状语后置
※ 此为何若人 《公输》 宾语前置
※ 起于鲁 ※ 所欲有甚于生者~故患有所不辟也※ 此之谓失其本心 ※ 何以战 ※ 战于长勺 ※ 欲有求于我也 ※ 能谤讥于市朝 ※ 皆朝于齐 ※ 此所谓战胜于朝廷
《公输》 《鱼我所欲也》 《鱼我所欲也》 《曹刿论战》 《曹刿论战》 状语后置
状语后置
宾语前置
宾语前置
状语后置
状语后置
状语后置
状语后置
状语后置
《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》 《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》 《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》 《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》