作文一:《关于留守儿童的英语论文》3400字
农村留守儿童英语学习现状分析及对策
摘要:根据《中国2010年第六次人口普查资料》显示,全国农村有留守儿童6102.55万,占农村儿童37.7%,占全国儿童21.88%。农村留守儿童是国家的花朵和希望,关系到国家的未来和命运。农村留守儿童问题已经得到社会的普遍关注。许多学者和专家从社会经济学、教育心理学、人口与发展等方面调查和论证,但是很少有人对农村留守儿童英语学习进行研究和分析。作为一名乡村英语教师,笔者非常关心农村留守儿童英语学习的状况和发展。笔者在安徽省阜南县某乡镇小学从事英语教学,对所带年级的农村留守儿童英语学习进行分析和研究以及如何采取对策。希望本篇论文能够帮助其他英语教师对农村留守儿童深入了解,采取必要的措施培养学生学习英语的兴趣,调动学生学习英语的积极性,提高学生的英语学习水平,从而促进农村留守儿童的全面发展。
关键词:农村留守儿童 英语学习 现状 对策
一、学习英语对农村留守儿童学习的意义
学习英语对于促进儿童身心全面发展具有重大意义和非凡影响。
首先,英语是第二语言,学习英语实质是在掌握另一种语言技能,运用另一种和他人交流的工具。 其次,英语学习能够开发儿童的智力和情商,儿童在英语习得过程中,必然会感受到中西方文化的碰撞,学习文化的之间的差异,在儿童脑海中构建不同的文化结构。
再次,英语学习需要培养儿童的好奇心和兴趣,树立儿童的自尊心和自信心,激发儿童学习的动机,这对于儿童学习知识是至关重要的环节和深远的意义。
最后,学习英语能够让儿童学会同伴间合作和交流,培养儿童之间的集体主义精神和荣誉感;还能够让学生逐渐形成祖国意识和国际视野,培养学生爱国主义情操和民族自豪感。
二、农村留守儿童英语学习的现状分析
(1)农村留守儿童的家庭因素
随着社会的日新月异和经济的高速发展,越来越多的农村父母外出务工,而他们留下的孩子便成了农村留守儿童。根据权威调查,中国留守儿童数量超过6000万,其中79.9%的由爷爷奶奶或外公外婆抚养,13%的被托付给亲戚和朋友,7.3%的为不确定或无人监护(21st Century ,2015) 。上述情形在一定程度上造成了农村留守儿童家庭教育的缺失。家庭监护和教育的缺失导致农村留守儿童缺乏英语学习环境和英语学习动机。大部分的祖辈老人们年龄偏大,对孩子的生活和学习有点力不从心,对于英语更是一无所知,无法提供英语学习的环境支持,也无法做到有效监督与辅导孩子的英语学习。另外,农村留守儿童难以约束自己的行为,自制能力不强,很难听从祖辈的管教,而且容易受到外界不良因素的影响,难以专心学习英语,从而导致英语学习成绩下降,最终丧失英语学习的信心和兴趣,形成一种恶性循环。
(2) 农村学校因素
许多农村小学认为英语这门学科不重要,除了语文数学为主科,英语充其量就是副科,学不学无所谓,对其重视程度不高,甚至有的学校课程表中根本找不到英语。还有的学校虽然开设英语课,但是课时非常的少。英语教师根本无法按照小学英语课程标准来安排教学计划和任务,而且由于课时比较少,英语教师和学生无法建立融洽和谐良好的师生关系,也无法在学生心目里树立英语教师该有的威严和地位。另外,儿童学习的英语词汇和句子没有充分的时间巩固和复习,不能遵循学习的自然规律和艾宾浩斯的遗忘曲线,导致儿童学完英语后容易遗忘,造成“前面学,后面忘”,学习英语的效能非常的低下。根据英语课程标准规定,三年级开设英语课程的学校,课时安排尽量体现短时高频的原则,保证每周3到4次教学活动,周课时总时间不少于80到90分钟(教育部,2012)。
农村小学英语教师知识水平不高,整体素质偏下,从事英语教学的教师是大学英语专业毕业的教师少之又少。许多语文、数学等教师兼带小学英语学科,他们对于小学英语的教学目标和内容,教学模式和方法等并不熟悉。课堂上仅仅是以灌输儿童知识,机械地教儿童学习单词和句子,抹杀了农村留守儿童学习英语的好奇心和兴趣。还有这些非英语专业的英语教师的英语基本功并非扎实,特别是读音方面,发音不准、口音严重甚至误读错读,这给农村留守儿童带来的伤害和后果是让人难以设想的。
(3) 农村留守儿童自身存在的问题
由于家庭环境的影响,农村留守儿童长期忍受着亲情缺失,常常伴随着较严重的消极情绪,往往感到焦虑、紧张,缺乏安全感,人际交往能力较差;性格往往变得内向、自卑、悲观、孤僻(朱明山,2006)
部分农村留守儿童任性霸道、自私冷漠、敏感多疑、固执己见、情绪多变、逆反心理重,有的甚至出现暴力、蛮横、仇视的畸形心态(周青云,2008)。他们常把生活中过高的过多的焦虑复制到课堂上,注意力变得狭窄,不能检测情境中的重要线索,容易紧张、慌乱,行为失常,思维混乱,极大地束缚其认知能力(胡敏,2007)。农村留守儿童在陌生人面前常常表现得胆怯和不自信,以消极情绪占主导地位。英语的学习常常要求学习者大胆地去表达和交流,所以农村留守儿童在英语课堂上很难积极地参与到课堂上,要求他们主动举手答问、自信积极地在同学们面前展示自己就变得更难了。
三、农村留守儿童英语学习的对策
(1)培养农村留守儿童学习英语的好奇心和兴趣,充分激发和培养他们学习英语的动机。在英语课堂上,充分利用多媒体技术进行直观教学,以游戏、情景表演、角色扮演、歌谣、歌曲、绕口令、小组竞赛等方式开展活动。上述措施能够激励学生积极主动地参与到课堂活动,从中体验并获得乐趣,在互助互进、自由松快的合作氛围中愉快学习,感受成功,激发起农村留守儿童学习的兴趣和动机。
(2)培养农村留守儿童学习英语的自信心,及时评价并多采用赞赏性语言。农村留守儿童更渴望得到老师的认可和赞扬,采用赞赏鼓励性语言能够帮助他们建立学习英语的自信心,克服心理障碍,通过积极的反馈和点评,帮助儿童了解自己是否顺利、出色地完成了任务,以及如何改善自己的学习。同时,评价要关注儿童的个体差异,对外向,基础较好的的儿童给予赞赏性评价后提出建设性建议,激励他们挑战自我,发挥创新思维;对内向、基础较差的儿童则用放大镜多找其闪光点,及时给予积极评价,帮助他们克服自卑心理。
(3)创设有利于农村留守儿童学习英语的环境(王笃勤,2002)。首先,建立和谐的师生关系。教师和农村留守儿童建立如父母子女般的情感关系,让农村留守儿童感觉到心理上的安全,让老师温柔地走入他们的内心,用爸妈般的关爱来融化其内心的孤独。其次,要营造自由、轻松和愉悦的课堂氛围,使学生的心灵感到安全和自由,提升他们学习英语的积极性和满足感,促进学生创造性的发挥。再次,要充分尊重每一位农村留守儿童,给每个学生创造成功的机会和体验,积极、公正地评价每一位学生。
(4)延伸英语课堂,为农村留守儿童开展丰富多彩的英语课外活动,例如带领儿童编排歌曲和舞蹈,让儿童自编自导英语情景剧等。多样化的课外活动不仅能丰富农村留守儿童的生活,有助于他们巩固、延伸和运用课堂所学的内容,而且能极大地激发他们的英语学习兴趣,培养合作精神,促进他们自信、大声地说英语。
四、结束语
小学是学生英语学习能力发展的重要阶段,对于农村留守儿童这个特殊的群体,我们更要去关注和重视他们学习英语的状况。历经一年多的教育实践和研究,笔者发现家庭关爱与教育、学校环境、教师教学方式、学生自身因素等各种因素都可能导致农村留守儿童缺乏英语学习的动机和兴趣,他们参与课堂活动不积极,焦虑程度高,自信心缺乏。英语教师应给予农村留守儿童父母般的关爱,使其亲其师、信其道。同时,优化教学环境、教学内容、教学活动、教学组织和教学评价,结合丰富多彩的英语课外活动,激发了农村留守儿童英语学习的动机,帮助他们树立了自信心。他们对英语学习产生了兴趣,从而积极参与英语课堂活动,提高了英语学业水平,促进了身心的全面健康发展。
参考文献:
1.21st Century(2015) “Invisible Children”, 21st Century, June 24.
2. 教育部 《英语课程标准》(2011年版),北京师范大学出版社,2012年。
3. 朱明山 “农村留守儿童教育社会支持体系的构建”,《中国教育学刊》2006年第二期。
4. 胡敏 “我国小学英语情感教学策略研究”,西南大学2007届硕士学位论文
5. 周青云 “留守儿童心理状况及对策干预”,《开封教育学院学报》2008年第28期
6. 王笃勤 《英语教学策略论》,外语教学与研究出版社,2002年
作文二:《关于留学的大学英语论文》5500字
Study Abroad
Abstract: In terms of globalization, students? mobility has bee even more important. A large international survey was carried out in order to monitor and pare the willingness of students to study abroad (higher education). Students were examined particularly according to their expectations and fears about studying abroad. Also motivating factors and influencers were taken in account. This contribution aims at outlining the most important differences between Chinese students and students from other countries. The findings resulting from this research also has practical implications – for example in the management and marketing of universities (how to attract foreign students, how to create their segmentation, how to tailor the conditions, etc.). Chinese students can according to the parison with students from other countries determine how to create their petitive advantage on the labour market (for example based on foreign work experience).
Key Words: Higher education; study abroad; expectations and fears; international survey.
Most countries have had to face the transition to a knowledge based economy. This involves also sharing knowledge in international surroundings of a global economy. [1]
Study abroad programs provide young citizens with cognitive and affective petencies necessary for them to thrive in a global economy, while concurrently providing the nation with a citizenry that is economically petitive and politically savvy; with the necessary skills for the maintenance of national interests, security, and the ability to effectively respond to political instability, including the threats of terrorism.
Study abroad also ensures that nobody can be discriminated on the basis of race, colour, religion, national origin, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, sex, or age. [3] There are many important higher education institutions which organize study abroad for their students, for example “The Harvard Summer Program in Beijing”, also called Harvard-Beijing
Academy (HBA), which gives Chinese language students the opportunity to explore this richly historic city while participating in intensive language instruction. Study abroad has often been a part of national policy. In the USA when formulating a national educational policy, attention must be given to developing foreign training. Study abroad and foreign training serves “the national interest” [4].
This contribution aims to analyse the basic differences between Chinese students and students from other countries from the point of view of being willing to study abroad. It also offers an innovative managerial approach for higher education institutions. Statistically it was proved that Chinese students differ in their answers from students from other countries;
Chinese students are more influenced by their parents and academic staff in parison to other students. More intensive research would be needed to explain this fact; the survey authors assume a higher responsibility of individuals for the family (rather than lack of self-confidence); Expectation of benefits acquiring from work experience from abroad is much less important for Chinese students than for students from other countries. It is a very surprising finding because in Europe international work experience might be the crucial factor in being offered a good job. In Europe work experience (especially from abroad) has an enormous significance for the future employer (proves the applicant’s independence, munication skills, ability to overe
problems, strong personality to accept a challenge, readiness to solve difficult tasks, etc.); More than others, Chinese students (when deciding to study abroad) would view their separation from the family negatively. On the other side, separation from their friends is perceived by Chinese students at the same level as by students from other countries; Chinese students would be willing to pay a higher amount pared to students from other countries;Chinese students insist on studying at prestigious universities; they recognize a higher education institution ranking more than the others; also the requirement for Europe-wide Diploma validity is stronger.
References
[1]HarvardsummerSchoolBeijing2011.[on-line]://.summer.harvard.edu/programs/abroad/beijing/. 10/04/2011
[2] Hebák, P., Hustopecky, J., Pecáková, I., Pla?il, M., Pr??a, M., ?ezanková, H., Vlach, P.,Svobodová,
A: Multivariate Statistical methods. 2nd Edition Praha : Informatorium, 2007. 272 p. ISBN 978-80-7333-001-9.
[3] Importance of study abroad. Office of Postsecondary Education, USA. [on-line] ://2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ope/iegps/study-abroad.html, 15/04/2011 [4] Myers, R.G.: International Education, Emigration, and National Policy (A Longitudinal Case Study of Peruvians
Trained in the United States) Comparative Education Review , Vol. 17, No. 1 (Feb., 1973), pp. 71-90
[5] Novák, I., Pecáková, I. Context of Measurement of categorical variables. Statistika, 2001, Vol. 38, Iss.1, pp. 35–48. ISSN 0322-788X.
[6] ?ezanková, H.: Data analysis from questionnaire surveys. 2nd Edition. Praha: Professional Publishing, 2010. 217 p. ISBN 978-80-7431-019-5.
[7] ?ambochová, M.: Data Mining Methods with Trees, E+M – Ekonomika a Management, Iss.
1, 132, ISSN 1212-3609. Liberec, 2008, pp. 126 –
作文三:《关于寒流的英语论文》14400字
Star Museum
主 编:常新月
副主编:王 宇
王可嘉
张秀萌
吴景荣
康有东
Introduction
After the
In the 1990s, Hallyu wave into China. In 1993 the south Korean TV series
1 Hallyu interpretation
(1)Forced the actor .....................................................................(3)
(2)Forced the singer....................................................................(4) 2 Korean developments..............................................................(6) 3 around the Korean wave
(1)Korean wave forced the Hong Kong......................................(10)
(2)Forced the Korean wave in Taiwan........................................(12)
(3)Korean wave forced the mainland..........................................(13)
4 Korean VS Han wind................................................................(14) 5 development reason..................................................................(18) 6 Korean clothing........................................................................(20) 7 the right attitude........................................................................(19)
Chapter1.1
In recent years, China, Japan and other Asian countries presented a
and late 1990 s, South Korea's
popular music, film and
television works to China, such
as force, called the
wave
and its harmonics in
current
music and drama in a passive position. In Korean, there are
corresponding with Chinese
Chapter1.2
First, in the rise and development of the Korean wave in China South Korea's lee jung-hyun morphing is the Korean who first introduced to China, and caused a sensation, followed by south Korean TV series
Korean film stars and singers, formed a South Korean pop songs, drama, and South Korean movie star
up with more attractive products and make the
Hallyu usually refers to the South Korean TV
series, movies, music and other entertainment
things after landing his regional influence. It first
appeared in excel, meaning Han Guoliu, referred
to as the Korean wave is homophonic
current
years of this century, Han Guoliu prevalent, frequently in the international petition, therefore is to excel at that time said
the field of exports has accelerated, and boost power bee South Korea's culture industry.
Chapter2
Since the founding of new China, the first pop a variety of foreign culture. Is 50 s and 60 s by the Soviet union in the 20th century, the Soviet songs and films have great effect on Chinese people really, but that is the official ideology tool to push, along with the late 60 s sino-soviet relations, the influence of the Soviet culture in China with little effect. Reform and opening up began, in the late 70 s, Japan's first film and television influence on China, followed by Hong Kong film and television influence on China, Japan, Hong Kong film and television and movies influence on Chinese viewers position until the mid 90 s replaced by Korean film and television.
European and American film and television culture, of course, also had a great influence on Chinese viewers, and is relatively permanent, but haven't aggression, like South Korea's cultural products in China formed the so-called
What’s your favorite country or region of the film and television, 54.55% of people chose the
foreign culture in China has this kind of influence is relatively rare. 2. Has almost all classes of all ages love. The facts of the Korean wave are popular in high school and college students are not auspicious. They imitate south Korean youth love to wear the dress, listen to Korean songs, to see the latest south Korean movie, like the south Korean youth makeup, hair and cosmetic, do more like South Korea youth idol drama. Housewife especially middle-aged and old women prefer to put a long series of South Korean TV drama. This prominent family ethics of south Korean television dramas. From popular in China mainland of multiple channels,
Youth favorite is foreign culture of vogue and individual character make public, the emergence of the
to find the best bining site all very I, very modern, fashion, alternative, beautiful, this is the
Since the late 1990 s, the south Korean TV dramas, film gradually into the line of sight of people, as the
chae yeon, jang na-ra, PSY, kangta, gd, etc., many singers in Korea music, Asian music, and even the world music has a certain influence.
Korean bination has
always been the forefront of
Korean wave, is popular with
teenagers. The position such as:
H.O.T, fin!. Kuala Lumpur, TVXQ,
Kim, Super Junior, girlhood,
BIGBANG, myth, infinite, Wonder girls, exobiology, 2 PM, SHINee, sistar, miss A, f (x), T-ara, CN blue, FT Island, Beast, and so on. South Korea has a professional brokers idol groups, training, and packaging, excavation like S.M, JYP, YG, DSP, CUBE, CJ such powerful bination of South Korea's brokerage firm to launch, will typically be K - POP STAR.
Chapter3.1
South Korea's lee jung-hyun morphing is the Korean who first introduced to China, and caused a sensation, followed by south Korean TV series
call this phenomenon
At the same time, a
In 1996, the Korean film met jean edge after release in Hong Kong, the South Korean film opened the door of Hong Kong, but the first trend did not last long. Later, atv and cable TV are playing multiple sets of Korean dramas, it laid the groundwork for the subsequent Hallyu prevailing in Hong Kong.
2001 Korean movie
In 2004, radio television has broadcast
sought after, south Korean musicians, the south Korean idol group also gradually into the line of sight of people in Hong Kong.
Chapter3.2
Founded in 1995, Taiwan's most bang satellite stations and began to play Korean dramas, Korean dramas to broadcast its Taiwanese dubbing or in the form of Korean original broadcast. Subsequently, eight televisions, LTD. began to broadcast in mandarin dubbing Korean dramas and gradually rise up a South Korean hot. Following suit shown on television the other Korean dramas, record panies and the introduction of South Korea's record, there are television homemade introduce Korean food, tourism, television shows, more variety show with Korean culture and popular and even between single Korean teaching units. There are even some television stations will not homemade TV broadcast and outsourcing of South Korean television dramas to save costs. Therefore also has the artist called for the government to limit and they broadcast in order to protect the local entertainment culture of South Korean television.
Originally from Taiwan and South Korea diplomatic relations in 1992, after the end of course, in 2004 to resume, let Hallyu thrive, t to South Korea launched several travel sightseeing Tours. Because Korea diplomatic relations with Taiwan, however, the attitudes of the south Korean government and some international sports games in South Korea,
through the media to make some Taiwanese a negative impression of South Korea.
Chapter3.3
As well as Hong
Kong, Taiwan, the
mainland of Korean pop
culture also formed in the
late 1990s. China and
South Korea have formal
establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries on August 24, 1992, 1993 south Korean TV series
media and academic circles also have to borrow the word Hallyu x describe its culture output, then the word was extended to the west, and added new words in English that
Since the Korean wave in the mainland, the mainland actress, director zhang guoli Hallyu fierce criticism once make such hit of mainland China, and suggested the government to get tough to repel the Korean wave. In addition, because the Dragon Boat Festival events, koguryo history disputes, Korea costume piece of depiction of northeastern China, the 2002 World Cup all sorts of reasons, such as folk are also more and more young people to extreme hatred and contempt of Korean wave, many Chinese BBS in the Korean wave in high spirits.
Chapter4
In mid and late 1990 s, South Korea's pop music, film and television works, such as e to China, called the
Korean wave is not only a cultural phenomenon, it is closely related
to economic, political, etc. Korean wave as a cultural phenomenon, enlarged the influence of Korean culture, but as a cultural industry, but also created a large number of economic values to South Korea. Exports, film and television works, the South Korean popular brand clothing, cosmetics, etc., all bring South Korea the bonanza. The Korean wave in South Korea has also had a huge impact on the development of tourism. As a Korean drama
the two countries have a wider civil foundation. In April 2007, when prime minister jiabao's visit to South Korea, in both countries have high popularity of Korean star jang na-ra as exchange year ambassador to China and South Korea in the blue house by premier jiabao's interview. Korean wave has bee an important way of South Korea's cultural diplomacy, through the Korean wave, shaped not only South Korea's cultural image, and also enlarged the influence of South Korea.
Hallyu chanting at the same time, the land in South Korea is the wind blow. In South Korea, more and more people are learning Chinese a lot, the world's first Confucius institute was founded in Seoul in 2004, up to now in South Korea has already progressed to 12. In South Korea, only 50 million people now have more than ten thousand people are learning Chinese in a variety of ways. The HSK in South Korea has been held for 14 years, South Korea the examinee in 2007 to a record of 2. 40000 people first in the world, accounting for 67% of the number of overseas examination. Han wind blow another performance is the South Koreans are increasingly traveling to China, has more than 4 million, 2007, including business, sightseeing, visiting relatives, etc. Large number of South Koreans to learn Chinese, to China to travel, created good conditions for spreading the culture of China. In the long run, the impact of Han wind will be more potential.
Korean wave has been established and developed the perfect cultural
industrial chain, created a considerable economic value to South Korea, Han formed on the wind, not in the cultural industry advantage. The concept of cultural soft power is well known. Korean wave is not only a concentrated expression of South Korea's cultural industry, is a microcosm of South Korea's development of national cultural soft power. South Korea announced to South Korea's cultural industry output value, on the world market share, increased from 1% to 5%, and to bee one of the five major cultural industry world powers, and the ultimate goal is to build South Korea into a cultural power and the power of knowledge economy in the 21st century. At the same time, the South Korean government believes that should not be the Korean wave phenomenon as a pure culture munication, and to make it bee the representative of Asian culture. Visible, South Korean government has to improve the cultural soft power as a national development strategy, also demonstrates the development of cultural industry and enhance the cultural.
Chapter5
Analysis of Korean culture why
1. in the history of the Korean culture and Chinese culture has many similarities, both countries in East Asia culture, Confucian cultural tradition; this also is South Korea's culture than Europe and the United States, western culture more easily accepted by Chinese audiences. But
because the Korean culture under the influence of the Confucian tradition, also restrict the prosperity of Korean culture limited circle of East Asia area.
2. Because of the height of the cultural development of the South Korean government policy support. The south Korean government always attaches importance to developing its own national culture, attaches great importance to the development of cultural undertakings and the output of the local culture, the rise of Korean culture, many famous university in South Korea opened a Korean culture research of graduate students, to develop the output Korean culture.
3. the economic development of South Korea, South Korean drama scene, we see $20000 per capita annual ine of people's life, this is some of our young people are the pursuit of yearning.
4. South Korea's songs, and mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan songs of many single emotion expression, there are a lot of emphasis on young people personality development, and is good for your
future dream content.
Since the second half of 2005, Korean culture started to depression. Many ways did not have the 2005 years before the Korean wave cultural boom. Its reason, analysis has the following contents:
1. As well as South Korea's economic recession in recent years, domestic entertainment also develops slowly, Korean culture became very single variable. Songs in addition to the many people dance on the dance and looks charming pretty girls. together slow song sing no more development, TV show, the audience is weak in young men and women of the entanglement of love story, imitate Hong Kong, China, south Korean film, Hollywood overweight trace a single script, scene grand enough, rare protracted war against with American movies.
2. in areas such as the local part of television media in China began to limit the Korean culture.
3. e here to play in China there are many Korean stars play big event, south Korean TV series, and many of South Korea's entertainment nationalism is overweight, lines will hurt Chinese audience psychology, affect the psychology of audience in China.
Chapter6
The characteristics of Korean clothing: stand out design, exaggeration Maverick asymmetric design is the most typical style in the
Korean clothing is the most attractive place is its use of exaggeration; it met the city busy people eager to vent the mood. Make public individual character is the source of happiness: wide width to the extreme, wide leg trousers, thin to extremely tight. You can charm to the extreme: pure white tight vest, embroidered pants tender pink, one Hand, a gaze, full of endless female charm; You can also be mysterious to extreme: black belt vest with black wide-legged pants, ecru fishnet dress, an eye to pursue the mystery woman. More recently because of the influence of the South Korean idol group, there are more and more people pursue the
tights Skinny Jean, to highlight the curve itself.
Chapter7
More and more tragedy due to excessive pursuit of Korean wave, therefore, we need a more scientific and objective for the Korean wave. Let Hallyu bee the spice of life, but not all.
作文四:《关于达芬奇的英语论文》3900字
A brief talk about Leonardo da Vinci
As an engineering student,Art has always been a unfamiliar field for me.When we learned the knowledge of the Renaissance in our class. It was hard for me to understand the meanings of those great paintings and sculptures. However, What the teacher talked about the “ Mona Lisa” has aroused my interest to this amazing painting ,the painting techniques ,the method used in the picture’s layout, it makes me realize that Mona Lisa is not just a simple figure painting, but the crystallization of Da Vinci's ability. So in this I’m going to talk about the achievements of Da Vinci and his legendary life.
Speaking of Da Vinci, we are certainly not unfamiliar, when I was in elementary school, once our art teacher showed us some of Da Vinci’s works and told us that Da Vinci Is a genius in the painting world. Too young I was at that time, I couldn’t understand the meaning of the word
Da Vinci’s full name is Leonardo di serPiero da Vinci, he was an Italian polymath whose areas of interest included invention, painting, sculpting, architecture, science, music, mathematics, engineering, literature, anatomy, geology, astronomy, botany, writing, history, and cartography. (it really surprised me that Da Vinci has such a wide range of abilities,I can't imagine a man who can contribute in so many fields in his life.)Also ,He has been variously called the father of paleontology, ichnology, and architecture, and is widely considered one of the greatest painters of all time. Sometimes credited with the inventions of the parachute, helicopter and tank, his genius epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal.
Da Vinci’s life is also amazing. Leonardo was born to parents who were not married to each other, he was barred from some studies and professions. He trained as an artist after moving to
Florence with his father in the 1460s. It was an exciting time to be in Florence, one of the cultural capitals of Europe. Leonardo trained with one of the city’s very succ essful artists, Andrea del Verrocchio. He was a painter, sculptor and gold worker. Verrocchio told his students that they needed to understand the body’s bones and muscles when drawing people.Leonardo took the teacher’s advice very seriously. He spent several periods of his life studying the human body by taking apart and examining dead bodies. While training as an artist, Leonardo also learned about and improved on relatively new painting methods at the time. One was the use of perspective to show depth. A method called “sfumato” helped to create a cloudy effect to suggest distance. “Chiaroscuro” is a method using light and shade as a painterly effect.Outstanding painting skills have made him create many great piantings like “ Mona Lisa” and “Last Supper”.
B eyond painting, there are also many great achievements in Da Vinci’s life. And a ll these make me think a topic—“ What makes Da Vinci a legend”. I would like to say that the first is his talent and effort.But to analyze the achievements of a historical figure, we should also have a general grasp of his historical period. Da Vinci was born in the Renaissance. The strong artistic atmosphere inspired his infinite potential , helped him create his own art style and made him a leading figure in the Renaissance. As the teacher said in our class, the Renaissance is the cradle of many great artists. And these artists have also made the Renaissance a great cultural revolution in human history.
Through the understanding of the knowledge about the Renaissance in class and by reading text books, I have a deeper understanding of Da Vinci and his acplishments. It also makes me more aware of the importance of studying history. History and those outstanding figures representing history like Da Vinci bring us a lot of knowledge and experience which will help us create our own achievements. I hope I can learn more about the history of our world and know more great figures in my later study.
作文五:《关于各国婚礼的英语论文》10700字
College English Intercultural Communication Final Paper
A parative study on wedding customs among
different countries
ABSTRACT :
Marriage is a bringing together. It is a bringing together of two people, of two families, or two tribes, or two villages, or even two countries. Marriage is that powerful. Marriage is not something to be entered into lightly. Marriage is a pledge
meant to last a lifetime. Since the marriage is so sacred,the wedding is of course important.Now,the paper will study the wedding customs among different countries. Key words:wedding customs, different countries.
INTRODUCTION:
NO.1 The wedding customs in China
As we all know, different countries have different wedding customs. When it es to Chinese traditional wedding customs, we may think of many plicated customs etiquette.In ancient China, After riding in the red bridal bride, the groom rode in front, with the matchmaker, and the Bridal teams to groom the family weddings. Both parents sit on the court, while the bride and groom were married the next hall. The whole wedding presided over by the master of ceremonies, under the mand of his , a bride and groom preparing for the wedding, and worshiped Diocese, then husband and wife worship, into the bridal chamber.
Today,more and more weddings in China are western,however, the theme of Chinese wedding is remaind.At first, Red is central to the wedding theme of China. It signifies love, joy and prosperity and is used in a variety of ways in Chinese wedding traditions. The bride's wedding down is often red, as are the wedding invitations, and wedding gift boxes or envelopes for cash gifts. Even the bride and groom's homes are decorated in red on the wedding day.
Second, before a Chinese bride wedding celebration, she traditionally goes into seclusion with her closest friends. This Chinese custom gives the bride-to-be some
time to symbolically mourn the loss of her friends and family. Some time before the couple are married, the groom's family carries wedding gifts in red baskets and boxes to the bride's house. One of the baskets will contain "uang susu" or 'milk money'. Others will contain personal things for the bride, so that on her wedding day all of her personal belongings will be in the groom's house. The bride takes the gifts to another room where they are sorted through. Three days before the wedding day, women from the bride's family reciprocate, bearing gifts -- including some 'returns'-- in red wrappings to the groom's family.
In addition, Wedding anniversaries in China are carefully chosen according to astrological signs. It is also customary for couples to be married on the half-hour or their wedding day rather than at the top of the hour. In this way, the couple begins their new lives together on an 'upswing', while the hands of the clock are moving up, rather than down. On the morning of his wedding day, the groom is symbolically dressed by his parents. The groom arrives at the house of his bride on the way to the wedding chapel. He brings gifts of cash, wrapped in red tissue, to give to his bride's friends, in exchange for 'letting her go'. In some families, the wedding couple serves tea to both sets of parents while kneeling in front of them. a symbolic gesture of asking for permission. The bride and groom then leave for the wedding site together. Usually,the wedding ceremony is usually attended only by the couples' immediate families. Just after the ceremony and before the wedding reception, the bride who honors tradition will serve tea to her in-laws in a formal ceremony. The couple will
usually go to a professional studio for wedding pictures before they proceed to their reception. The wedding reception, an elaborate standing only affair.
A weling speech is usually performed by an MC who is hired for the occasion. The speech is followed by a cake cutting ceremony. The traditional wedding cake is immense, with many layers. The layers symbolize a ladder that they couple will 'climb to success', so couples will cut the cake from the bottom and work their way up. The cutting of the cake is the only event of the reception. The bride and groom feed each other a piece of cake with arms entwined, trying not to destroy the bride's elaborate makeup. A piece is then cut for each of the parents and for the grandparents, who are fed by the bride and groom holding the cake together. Sometimes a wedding toast is given and guests are invited to greet the newlyweds and their parents. Musical entertainment, which ranges from a simple keyboard player to a symphony or orchestra, acpanies the receiving line It is customary for guests to shake hands again before leaving the reception. At more elaborate Chinese weddings, a sit-down reception may feature a 9 or 10 course meal as well as musical entertainment. Chinese brides often change outfits at least three times during the reception.
NO.2 Some other countries
In Asia,in addition to China,the wedding in South Korea is also ceremonious. Before a Korean bride may be married, she must take part in the traditional Introduction ceremony, where she is accepted into the groom's family. After the Korean newlyweds have exchanged their wedding vows, the groom, formally,
introduces his new wife to his parents. The groom's father may throw red dates at his daughter-in-law to bring her luck in fertility.
In addition to these, South Korea also have their own characteristics .A couple getting married in Korea might incorporate ducks or geese into their wedding ceremony. Both ducks and geese mate for life and represent faithfulness.At one time, a man who wanted to get married in Korea, would travel to his future bride's home on a white pony and present her family with a pair of geese.
NO.3 Typical delegate: America
Similarly, in the other side of the ocean----The United States Wedding Traditions are different from Asia.The United States has few wedding traditions that are totally unique to the U.S. Virtually all U.S. wedding traditions and customs have either been taken directly from a wide range of other countries and cultures – primarily European – or they have evolved from traditions in other nations.
There are a few things that all U.S. weddings have in mon. To begin with, U.S. wedding ceremonies may be either religious or civil. Most brides prefer a large and rather elaborate ceremony if it is their first wedding .Marriages are not “arranged.” A typical U.S. wedding takes place between two people who have sought out a partner and have found someone whom they believe they can share their life with. In other words, in the United States marriages are based on LOVE. They are not arranged to strengthen family business or influence.
In addition,old wedding traditions may have held that a prospective groom had to ask the bride’s father for his blessing, but that tradition is seldom respected any longer, if it was ever respected to a wide degree in the U.S. While a young man and a young woman hope that both sets of parents will give their blessing to a union, and often a blessing will be asked more as a courtesy than for an actual blessing, such a blessing is not required or always sought.
Wedding planning can be elaborate and time-consuming and many brides today opt to have a professional wedding planner take care of the thousand-and-one details of the glorious day. A Traditional United States wedding is a fairly large and elaborate affair, especially when it is the first wedding for the bride. Traditionally the bride wears a while wedding dress and white wedding veil. Prior to the wedding itself, it is traditional for the Maid of Honor to throw a bridal shower as part of the bridal ceremonies. During the bridal shower the bride-to-be will receive small gifts, often of a humorous nature, often gifts for use on the honeymoon. While a religious setting, such as a church, synagogue or mosque is not mandatory, the more traditional U.S. weddings do take place in a religious setting. Family and friends are formally invited. Ushers seat guests, there are bride’s maids, a best man, flower girls, a ring bearer, music (often chosen by the bride and/or the groom) and many other amenities designed to make the day special and memorable. The traditional ceremony itself is often conducted by a religious leader known to the bride and/or the groom. The ceremony may include wedding vows written by the bride and the groom, in which
they speak of their love and their desire to make their partner safe, happy and secure, and to be faithful to their partner and their partner alone for the rest of their lives.
As the couple leave the church they are often showered with rice or wheat (symbols of fertility) and the couple is then taken to a home, restaurant or other facility where a wedding reception takes place. Speeches and toasts are given to the new couple, wishing them every happiness.
Mean while,gifts are an important part of the U.S. wedding tradition. Gifts are given to help the new couple establish a new home together; often gifts of cash are given. A couple may “register” at a specific store where their gift needs are tracked. This allows well-wishers to not only purchase gifts that are truly useful to the new couple, but to also be assured that no one else has purchased the same gift. Following the reception the couple traditionally goes on a honeymoon, during which their marriage is consummated. A honeymoon may last from several days to two or more weeks.
Couples who do not wish to go through the stress of an elaborate traditional wedding ceremony may choose to elope. An elopement involves much less work and much less preparation. The couple merely goes to a justice of the peace and is quietly married in a civil wedding ceremony. They may or may not include a small number or friends and/or family.
NO.4 Conclusion
After having a parative study on wedding customs in different countries, we
may have a clear understand about different culture.it is the difference among cultures that make the different wedding custom. Therefore, when we have chance to attend these wedding, we shouldn’t be surprised at it; instead, we should respect for it and try to enjoy it.
REFERENCE:
1. 《婚俗简史》作者:潘晓梅出版社:中国社会科学出版社出版日期:2004-5-1
2. 《中国婚俗文化》作者:《中国婚俗文化》编委会编出
版社:外文出版社出版时间:2010-09-01
5. 书名:Wedding Planning & Management : Consultancy for
Diverse Clients 出版: Burlington, MA : Butterworth-Heinemann, c2007. 著者:Maggie Daniels and Carrie Loveless 索书号:2-2008 K891.22 D186
3. 《班驳陆离的婚俗》作者:李大龙著丛书名:世界民族
知识丛书出版社:中央民族大学出版社出版时间:1999-02-01
6. 书名:The New Jewish Wedding 出版:New York : Simon &
Schuster, c2001著者:Anita Diamant
7. 席晓,浅谈中西方婚礼文化差异,读与写
4. 书名:Vera Wang on Weddings 出版New York, NY : HarperResource, c2001. 著者: Wang, Vera.
8. 韩芳中西传统婚俗之比较中国校外教育
9. 潘文晋从中西婚礼文化看中西方文化差异今日南国
作文六:《关于手的迷信_英语论文》4200字
??óúê?μ???D?_ó?ó????? Hands, Fingers, Fingernails
The superstitions and folklore you need to make life magnificent... or miserable. ??WARNING?oThe unusual folklore in this file is presented soley for your information and education. Reader assumes all responsibility for safety and use not in accordance with the above stated purposes. ??
A finger-nail biter will bee insane.
A friend whom??you have not seen for a long time will be met, if your palm itches.
A half-moon near the bottom of each finger-nail demonstrates that your family came from excellent blood.
A half-moon on each finger-nail proves that your forebears were of good stock.
A left-handed person must work three days for the devil.
A letter is ing to you, if your right hand itches.
An itching in the palm of your right hand indicates that you will get money.
An itching in the left palm indicates that you are going to pay out money.
Anyone possessing a crooked little finger is a crook.
Anyone who bites his finger-nails will not grow tall.
Biting your finger-nails is the sign of nervousness.
Clip your finger-nails on Sunday and evil stories will be told about you throughout the week.
Clipping your finger-nails in the dark of the moon will bring you bad luck.
Cold hands reveal a warm heart.
Count the white spots on your finger-nails just before December 25th and their total will reveal the number of Christmas presents you will get.
Cross your fingers for luck.
Cut your finger-nails on:
Monday for news.
Tuesday for shoes.
Wednesday for wealth.
Thursday for health.
Friday for woe.
Saturday for a journey to go.
Sunday for evil.
Cutting finger-nails on Friday is followed by bad luck.
Each white speck on your finger-nails discloses a lie that you have told.
File your nails on Monday for good luck.
If anyone points a finger at you, you will have a mishap before the end of the day.
If four persons while shaking hands accidentally cross each other's hands, it is lucky for all of them.
If you and someone else attempt to shake hands with a third persons, the three of you will be invited to the same party.
If you are able to see through your fingers, you will be a spendthrift.
If you bite your finger-nails, you have thievish tendencies.
If you cut your finger-nails on Monday before breakfast, you will get a present before the end of the week.
If you enter a house and shake hands with someone, do not shake hands with that person when you depart, for you will have bad luck.
If you have white spots on your finger-nails, you are anemic.
If you point your fingers at someone it will give them bad luck for two weeks.
If you rub your itching palm on wood??you will inherit money.
If you trim your finger-nails on:
Monday, a letter es for you.
Tuesday, brings a new garment.
Wednesday, cares are few.
Thursday, brings you riches.
Friday, brings love's joys.
Saturday, misfortunes and troubles to annoy.
If your hand itches, money is ing to you.
If your left hand itches, you will pay out money.
If your left hand itches, you will be disappointed.
If your left hand itches, expect pany.
If your left palm itches, you will be called to visit someone you love.
If your right hand itches, you will will shake hands with a stranger who will bee your friend.
If your right palm itches, you will meet a stranger.
It is lucky to cut finger-nails during the new moon.
It is lucky to file finger-nails on Tuesday.
It is most unlucky to shake hands while wearing gloves.
It means bad luck, if you stand up with your hands behind your head.
It signifies that you will shake hands with a stranger, if your right hand itches.
Long fingers in a person reveal a grasping nature.
Long fingers mean that you will be pelled to work for a living.
Long hair on the back of your hands signifies wealth.
Long narrow fingers are the sign of good ancestry.
Manicuring your finger-nails on Sunday will cause you bad luck.
Never shake hands with anyone leaving your house or they will never e back to that house to see you.
Never trim your finger-nails on Friday if you are engaged in a busines
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作文七:《关于体育的英语论文》3400字
Eleven 201132087 4D
Sports in our life
“Hi,boy ,you are too weak,it is bad to you. You will easy to have some illness.you
need some sports,It can help you.” “Sports is so tired,I think it is so boring.” ”Y ou
can try,if you can doing something ,you will enjoy in you life.”
In the China,have over 95%of university have martial acts mass organizations
more and more students join the martial acts mass organization.There have some
reasons to explain this actuality.
Sports can help our make friends.In China,have a proverb is ?No Discord,No
Concord! ?Martial arts in sports is an important type. A lot of Martial arts have
pare notes .It is easy about make friends.Playing Sports by ourselves is so
loneliness,usually we will no power to hold the line,because the interests.we can play
with other people.we will bee better together,That have a story about sports to
help to make friends.That is Rowan Simons story,He is a famous football
mentator.When he only is a boy, he go to South America by himself. You know, it
is a peculiar continent of the football passion in everywhere.When he just came to
South America,His hand baggage, all documents and property, and a football been
stolen on the bus,he think it is so terrible,but only 2 days.his all goods are e
back,he talk with this man,the man say,because the football.They municate during
all night, they are became the friends.When he passed by the AMAZON,in a rest
area,he want to rested one night,but when he get off the car,A group of homeless
people hold the machetes to look he,maybe want to rob he,but he take out the
football,and say” Brazil Pele ,England Bobby Charlton shoot! ”in this time,all
people threw the machete,
And play with he,At last,he safe to leave.
Sports is good for your health. In China, 35% students have obesity 65%
students get up late. 75% students have not a good body,so the universities in
china,require the students have some sports in the life,Running in morning,martial
acts team sports all can help you have a good body,help our to have the health.Sports
also can maintain the health of the body.recently,H7N9 is so terrible.all the patients do
not have a good body,they usually do not have enough time to motion,so,if people do
not have enough motion in his life,they will easy to have disease than other people.
Taekwondo is my best sports,my idol is a taekwondo sports woman,she is Olympic
champion,i want to bee she,have a lot of palm,carry off a prize.
Taking exercise is good for our health. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
By taking exercise, we can relax our body and mind. At the same time, we can harden
our muscle and have a good figure. If we don't take exercise for a long time, we may
easily fall sick.I enjoy several outdoor sports. Swimming in the sea also is my favorite too. Because there are too many people in a swimming pool and the water is always
dirty , I prefer to swim in the sea.Besides, I enjoy jogging in the morning. Sometimes,
I jog with my parents in the park.
In China,a lot of people bashfulness to talk with other people.Sports can help
people bee optimistic,because sports,we will think confidence.sports help our to
have the friendship.
Sports is created in the world is a fortunate.human?s body is a magical things.we
needs the sporting to bee the stronger.we used the sporting to make friend,let?s
enjoy the sports,the sports can bee the world to be better.
Only have 620 words,i think so sorry,but i don’t know anywhere can write more and more.sorry.
作文八:《关于物理的英语论文》4400字
The research about motion of falling bodies
In the past, it is unbelievable that we use ‘ displacement ’ 、 ‘ velocity ’ 、 ‘ speed ’ 、 ‘acceleration’ to describe the motion of objects. For centuries, we just can use word based on the writing of the Greek philosopher Aristotle to describe the motion of objects.
Aristotle asserted that any object, after it is released, quickly reaches some final speed, which it maintains to the end of its path. When we pick up a stone and release it, the stone strives to return to its natural place and quickly gets a speed that it maintains during its entire fall. According to the mon observation that a heavy stone fall faster than a feather, Aristotle reasoned that weight is a factor that governs the speed of the fall. Consequently, the heavier the object, the greater would be its potential to return to the earth. This description of motion is in accordance with mon observation of falling leaves, raindrops and stones. In all cases, the body encounters resistance to its fall from the air. But what if there were no air to offer resistance and impede the fall? How would objects fall through a vacuum? Aristotle argued that all bodies, in a vacuum, being unresisted, would fall with the same infinite speed. But he, like most other ancient Greeks, considered infinity as an incoherent concept. Aristotle dismissed motion through a void because he concluded that the vacuum could not exist.
Above all we have examined present a qualitative description of
motion. But physics in general consisted mainly of qualitative explanations until Galileo grasped the usefulness of mathematics in describing the world.
In 1638, Galileo publish his work Dialogues Concerning Tow New Sciences, in which he did a great step toward the understanding of motion. His insight was to imagine a body falling without any resistance. He realized that in a vacuum all bodies, heavy or light, would fall at the same rate. This was a wise insight because Galileo could not produce a vacuum. However, he could imagine one. We can see that Aristotle believed that a vacuum or a void was impossible. Galileo thought that the question of the existence or nonexistence of the void was unimportant. What was important was that to understand falling bodies, the effects of air resistance should be ignored. He did a assument: Consider a heavy rock linked to a light one by a cope. According to Aristotle, when they are released, the heavy one pulls the lighter one down and tries to make it fall faster than it would if unattached. Meanwhile, the lighter one tends to slow down the heavier one. It should therefore fall faster than the heavy one. If we ignore air resistance, the Aristotlian view leads to a contradiction. Thus, Galileo concluded instead that all bodies would fall at the same rate in a vacuum.
Both Aristotle and Gelileo are focused on how the speed of a falling body changes. But Leonardo da Vinci, in the fifteenth, formulated a
different kind of law.
Leonardo da Vinci expressed his law in terms of quantities that are easy to measure: intervals of distance and time. He proposed that the distances fallen in successive equal intervals of time are proportional to the consecutive integers. This statement needs to be explained: Suppose that, starting from rest, a body falls one unit of distance in the first time interval. After the second time interval, the body will have fallen an additional two units of distance; after the third time interval, it will have fallen three more units of distance, and so on according to the consecutive integers. Leonardo’ s law also makes a statement about the average speed of the object as it falls. We can discover this relation if we recall the definition of average speed and apply his law, for equal successive time intervals, the distance traveled is proportional to the consecutive integers. The average speed for each successive time interval, therefore, will be the distance interval, which as he said goes as the consecutive integers, divided by the time interval. Since all the time intervals are equal, the average speed over speed over consecutive time intervals is also proportional to the consecutive integers.
Because we knew there was one law for all falling bodies, the job was then to express that law with precision. How can we make it? Maybe, we should be getting ahead of our research.
参考文献:《力学世界》 , 陶如玉、李椿 译,北京大学出版社
作文九:《关于各国婚礼的英语论文》11600字
College English Intercultural Communication
College English Intercultural Communication Final Paper
A parative study on wedding customs among
different countries
ABSTRACT,
Marriage is a bringing together. It is a bringing together of two people, of two families, or two tribes, or two villages, or even two countries. Marriage is that powerful. Marriage is not something to be entered into lightly. Marriage is a pledge meant to last a lifetime. Since the marriage is so sacred,the wedding is of course important.Now,the paper will study the wedding customs among different countries.Key words,wedding customs, different countries.
INTRODUCTION:
1
College English Intercultural Communication
NO.1 The wedding customs in China
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s we all know, different countries have different wedding customs. When it es to Chinese traditional wedding customs, we may think of many plicated customs etiquette. In ancient China, After riding in the red bridal bride, the groom rode in front, with the matchmaker, and the Bridal teams to groom the family weddings. Both parents sit on the court, while the bride and groom were married the next hall. The whole wedding presided over by the master of ceremonies, under the mand of his , a bride and groom preparing for the wedding, and worshiped Diocese, then husband and wife worship, into the bridal chamber.
Today,more and more weddings in China are western,however, the theme of Chinese wedding is remaind.At first, Red is central to the wedding theme of China. It signifies love, joy and prosperity and is used in a variety of ways in Chinese wedding traditions. The bride's wedding down is often red, as are the wedding invitations, and wedding gift boxes or envelopes for cash gifts. Even the bride and groom's homes are decorated in red on the wedding day.
Second, before a Chinese bride wedding celebration, she traditionally goes into seclusion with her closest friends. This Chinese custom gives the bride-to-be some time to symbolically mourn the loss of her friends and family. Some time before the couple are married, the groom's family carries wedding gifts in red baskets and boxes to the bride's house. One of the baskets will contain "uang susu" or 'milk money'. Others will contain personal things for the bride, so that on her wedding day all of her personal belongings will be in the groom's house. The bride takes the gifts to another room where they are sorted through. Three days before the wedding day, women from
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the bride's family reciprocate, bearing gifts -- including some 'returns'-- in red wrappings to the groom's family.
In addition, Wedding anniversaries in China are carefully chosen according to astrological signs. It is also customary for couples to be married on the half-hour or their wedding day rather than at the top of the hour. In this way, the couple begins their new lives together on an 'upswing', while the hands of the clock are moving up, rather than down. On the morning of his wedding day, the groom is symbolically dressed by his parents. The groom arrives at the house of his bride on the way to the wedding chapel. He brings gifts of cash, wrapped in red tissue, to give to his bride's friends, in exchange for 'letting her go'. In some families, the wedding couple serves tea to both sets of parents while kneeling in front of them. a symbolic gesture of asking for permission. The bride and groom then leave for the wedding site together.
Usually,the wedding ceremony is usually attended only by the couples' immediate families. Just after the ceremony and before the wedding reception, the bride who honors tradition will serve tea to her in-laws in a formal ceremony. The couple will usually go to a professional studio for wedding pictures before they proceed to their reception. The wedding reception, an elaborate standing only affair. A weling speech is usually performed by an MC who is hired for the occasion. The speech is followed by a cake cutting ceremony. The traditional wedding cake is immense, with many layers. The layers symbolize a ladder that they couple will 'climb to success', so couples will cut the cake from the bottom and work their way up. The cutting of the cake is the only event of the reception. The bride and groom feed each other a piece of cake with arms entwined, trying not to destroy the bride's elaborate makeup. A piece is then cut for each of the parents and for the grandparents, who are fed by the bride and groom holding the cake together. Sometimes a wedding
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toast is given and guests are invited to greet the newlyweds and their parents. Musical entertainment, which ranges from a simple keyboard player to a symphony or orchestra, acpanies the receiving line It is customary for guests to shake hands again before leaving the reception. At more elaborate Chinese weddings, a sit-down reception may feature a 9 or 10 course meal as well as musical entertainment. Chinese brides often change outfits at least three times during the reception.
NO.2 Some other countries
In Asia,in addition to China,the wedding in South Korea is also ceremonious. Before a Korean bride may be married, she must take part in the traditional Introduction ceremony, where she is accepted into the groom's family. After the Korean newlyweds have exchanged their wedding vows, the groom, formally, introduces his new wife to his parents. The groom's father may throw red dates at his daughter-in-law to bring her luck in fertility.
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n addition to these, South Korea also have their own characteristics .A couple getting married in Korea might incorporate ducks or geese into their wedding ceremony. Both ducks and geese mate for life and represent faithfulness.At one time, a man who wanted to get married in Korea, would travel to his future bride's home on a white pony and present her family with a pair of geese.
NO.3 Typical delegate: America
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imilarly, in the other side of the ocean----The United States Wedding Traditions are different from Asia.The United States has few wedding traditions that are totally unique to the U.S. Virtually all U.S. wedding traditions and customs have either been
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taken directly from a wide range of other countries and cultures – primarily European – or they have evolved from traditions in other nations.
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here are a few things that all U.S. weddings have in mon. To begin with, U.S. wedding ceremonies may be either religious or civil. Most brides prefer a large and rather elaborate ceremony if it is their first wedding .Marriages are not “arranged.” A typical U.S. wedding takes place between two people who have sought out a partner and have found someone whom they believe they can share their life with. In other words, in the United States marriages are based on LOVE. They are not arranged to strengthen family business or influence.
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n addition,old wedding traditions may have held that a prospective groom had to ask the bride’s father for his blessing, but that tradition is seldom respected any longer, if it was ever respected to a wide degree in the U.S. While a young man and a young woman hope that both sets of parents will give their blessing to a union, and often a blessing will be asked more as a courtesy than for an actual blessing, such a blessing is not required or always sought.
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edding planning can be elaborate and time-consuming and many brides today opt to have a professional wedding planner take care of the thousand-and-one details of the glorious day. A Traditional United States wedding is a fairly large and elaborate affair, especially when it is the first wedding for the bride. Traditionally the bride wears a while wedding dress and white wedding veil. Prior to the wedding itself, it is traditional for the Maid of Honor to throw a bridal shower as part of the bridal ceremonies. During the bridal shower the bride-to-be will receive small gifts, often of
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a humorous nature, often gifts for use on the honeymoon. While a religious setting, such as a church, synagogue or mosque is not mandatory, the more traditional U.S. weddings do take place in a religious setting. Family and friends are formally invited. Ushers seat guests, there are bride’s maids, a best man, flower girls, a ring bearer, music (often chosen by the bride and/or the groom) and many other amenities designed to make the day special and memorable. The traditional ceremony itself is often conducted by a religious leader known to the bride and/or the groom. The ceremony may include wedding vows written by the bride and the groom, in which they speak of their love and their desire to make their partner safe, happy and secure, and to be faithful to their partner and their partner alone for the rest of their lives.
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s the couple leave the church they are often showered with rice or wheat (symbols of fertility) and the couple is then taken to a home, restaurant or other facility where a wedding reception takes place. Speeches and toasts are given to the new couple, wishing them every happiness.
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ean while,gifts are an important part of the U.S. wedding tradition. Gifts are given to help the new couple establish a new home together; often gifts of cash are given. A couple may “register” at a specific store where their gift needs are tracked. This allows well-wishers to not only purchase gifts that are truly useful to the new couple, but to also be assured that no one else has purchased the same gift.
Following the reception the couple traditionally goes on a honeymoon, during which their marriage is consummated. A honeymoon may last from several days to two or more weeks.
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ouples who do not wish to go through the stress of an elaborate traditional wedding ceremony may choose to elope. An elopement involves much less work and much less preparation. The couple merely goes to a justice of the peace and is quietly married in a civil wedding ceremony. They may or may not include a small number or friends and/or family.
NO.4 Conclusion
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fter having a parative study on wedding customs in different countries, we may have a clear understand about different culture.it is the difference among cultures that make the different wedding custom. Therefore, when we have chance to attend these wedding, we shouldn’t be surprised at it; instead, we should respect for it and try to enjoy it.
REFERENCE:
1.《婚俗简史》 作者,潘简梅 出版社,中社科出版国会学
社 出版日期,2004-5-1
.《中婚俗文化》作者,《中婚俗文化》简委简 出版社,外文出版社 出版简简,国国会
. 简名,Wedding Planning & Management : Consultancy for Diverse Clients
Loveless 索简,号
.《班简简的婚俗离
.简名,The New Jewish Wedding 7.席简~简中西方婚文化差~简浅礼异与写
4. 简名,Vera Wang on Weddings 出版New York, NY :
HarperResource, c2001. 著者, Wang, Vera.
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College English Intercultural Communication 8.简芳 中西简简婚俗之比简 中校外育国教
9. 潘文晋 中西婚文化看中西方文化差 今日南从礼异国
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作文十:《一篇关于环境的英语论文》3400字
To cool off our planet
Climate change is already happening. The Earth's average surface temperature has risen by 0.76 degree centigrade since 1850, and most of the warming was very likely caused by human activities. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projected that, without further action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the global average surface temperature was likely to rise by a further 1.8 to 4.0 degrees centigrade this century.
Global warming leads to ice melting in both poles of the earth, and which then makes the sea level rise, eating away at the lands where we human inhabit. It can also create huge hurricanes and tsunamis, leaving numerous people dead or homeless.
Now we e to the time when some effective measures should be taken without doubt to prevent the situation from going from bad to worse. And below there are some solutions we should try.
We should first preserve the forests and woods on the earth and enlarge them. According to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, in the past decade, the nature forests in the world reduced at the rate of 16.1 million hectares annually, while each hectare of forest can normally absorb 1000 kilograms carbon dioxide and release 735 kilograms oxygen. So if we utilize regenerative materials, instead of wood, in the process of making paper, we would harvest more fresh air.
We should also develop regenerative power like solar power and oceanic power. The usage of conventional energy, such as coal, oil, natural gas, usually goes with the emission of
greenhouse gas. But pared to the usage of traditional energy, the usage of green power, such as the wind power, is still in small scales. Today, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Britain, and America have large wind power projects, whereas it is not enough because effective and efficient technology, by which those new kinds of power are produced, is still in short supply.
For now, the efforts on developing new technology to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gas while using conventional energy like coal is still significant. According to the 2007 MIT study, "The Future of Coal," and other sources, capturing carbon dioxide at coal-burning power plants and storing it in deep geological basins will mitigate its negative effects on the atmosphere. So we should keep working on these technologies.
Furthermore, international cooperation on this issue should be enhanced. The Norwegian Minister of Foreign Affairs Jonas Gahr Stoere said that Norway and China should strengthen their cooperation in protecting the environment and reducing emissions of greenhouse gas emissions, which should benefit both countries. And experts from the U.S. Asia Society Center on U.S.-China Relations and the Pew Center on Global Climate Change urged the Obama
administration to take immediate action to create a new, groundbreaking collaboration with China to address the urgent issue of climate change. However, international cooperation is far more than conferences and negotiations, while international exchange of new technology and international fund assistance is in great need.
Global warming is already happening and represents one of the greatest environmental, social and economic threats facing our planet. The measures above are just some of what we can do. But no matter what measure do we take, we should do our best to protect our planet, namely leaving sufficient habitat to our offspring.
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