介绍:
孔子(公元前551年9月28日―公元前479年4月11日) ,子姓, 孔氏,名丘,字仲尼,春秋末期鲁国陬邑(今山东曲阜)人,祖籍宋国栗邑(今河南夏邑),中国古代思想家、教育家,儒家学派创始人。他开创了私人讲学的风气,倡导仁、义、礼、智、信。
孔子曾带领部分弟子周游列国前后达十三年,晚年修订六经即《诗》《书》《礼》《乐》《易》《春秋》。相传孔子曾问礼于老子,有弟子三千,其中贤人七十二。孔子去世后,其弟子及其再传弟子把孔子及其弟子的言行语录和思想记录下来,整理编成儒家经典《论语》。
Introduction:
Confucius (September 28, 551 BC - April 11, 479 BC), Zi's surname, Confucius, Mingqiu, Zhongni, a member of Luguo Haoyi (now Qufu, Shandong Province) in the late Spring and Autumn Period, was born in Liyi,
Song Dynasty (now Xiayi, Henan Province), an ancient thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism. He initiated the atmosphere of private lectures and advocated benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith.
Confucius led some disciples around the world for thirteen years. In his later years, he revised the Six Classics: Poetry, Book, Ritual, Music, Yi, Spring and Autumn. According to legend,
Confucius once asked etiquette to Lao Tzu, with disciples three thousand, among whom seventy-two were sages. After the death of Confucius, his disciples and their reincarnated disciples recorded the words,
deeds and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples and compiled them into the Confucian classic The Analects of Confucius.
扩展资料
人物生平
贵族出身
孔子的祖上是宋国栗邑(今河南夏邑)的贵族 ,先祖是商朝开国君主商汤。周初三监之乱后,为了安抚商朝的贵族及后裔,周公以周成王之命封商纣王的亲兄长微子启 于商丘建立宋国,奉殷商祀。微子启死后,其弟微仲即位,微仲是孔子的十五世祖。六世祖得孔氏,是为孔父嘉。
孔父嘉是宋国大夫,曾为大司马,封地位于宋国栗邑,后来在宫廷内乱中被太宰华督所杀。孔父嘉子木金父,木金父生孔防叔,孔防叔的孙子叔梁纥就是孔子的父亲,叔梁纥为避宋国战乱逃到鲁国的陬邑(今山东曲阜)定居,其官职为陬邑大夫。
圣人降世
叔梁纥的正妻施氏,生了九个女儿却没有一个儿子,小妾为他生了长子孟皮,孟皮有足疾,叔梁纥很不满意。于是叔梁纥请求颜氏让她三个女儿之中的一个立为妾,颜氏念叔梁年老且性情急躁,于是征求三个女儿的意见。长女和次女都不同意,只有小女儿颜徵在愿嫁叔梁纥。
颜徵在时年不满二十岁,而叔梁纥已经六十六岁,年龄相差悬殊,两人为婚于礼不合,夫妻在尼山居住并且怀孕,故谓之“野合”。孔子在鲁襄公二十二年十月 [10] (儒略历公元前551年;格里历公元前551年9月28日。关于孔子出生年月有两种记载,相差一年,一般依《史记·孔子世家》说。)申时于陬邑昌平乡诞生。
Paul Mauriat's History
Aristocracy
Confucius'ancestors were aristocrats of Liyi in Song Dynasty (Xiayi in Henan Province today). His ancestors were Shang Tang,
the founding monarch of Shang Dynasty. In order to appease the nobles and descendants of the Shang Dynasty after the three prison rebellions in the early Zhou Dynasty, the Duke of Zhou appointed King Zhou Chengwang to confer on Weiziqi, the elder brother of the Shang King,
to establish the Song Dynasty in Shangqiu and worship the Yin Shang Dynasty. After the death of the son, his brother Wei Zhong ascended the throne and Wei Zhong was Confucius's fifteen ancestor.
The sixth generation was born by Kong's father. Confucius Father Jia was a doctor of the Song Dynasty. He was once a master of the Song Dynasty. He was feuded in Liyi of the Song Dynasty.
Later, he was killed by the superintendent Huadu in the court civil strife. Father Confucius Jiazi Mu Jinfu, father Mu Jinfu, was born to Uncle Kong Fang. Uncle Liang Wan, grandson of Uncle Kong Fang,
was the father of Confucius. Uncle Liang Wan fled to Luyi (now Qufu, Shandong Province) to settle down in order to avoid the war of Song Dynasty. His official post was Doctor Wanyi.
The saints descended to the world
Shu Liangwan's wife, Shi Shi, had nine daughters but no son. The concubine gave birth to his eldest son, Mengpi, who had foot disease. Shu Liangwan was very dissatisfied. So Shulianghe asked Yan to let one of her three daughters be a concubine. Yan was very old and impatient,
so he asked for the advice of her three daughters. Both the eldest daughter and the second daughter disagreed. Only the younger daughter, Yan Zheng, was willing to marry uncle Liang.
Yan Zheng was under 20 years old at that time, while Shu Liangwan was 66 years old. There was a great difference in age. They were not married because of the incompatibility of etiquette. The couple lived in Nishan and became pregnant.
Confucius was in October [10] of the 22nd year of Luxiang Gong (551 B.C. in Julian calendar and 28 September 551 B.C.
in Gregorian calendar). There are two kinds of records about Confucius'birth date, one year apart. Generally speaking, according to the History of Confucius, Confucius Family. Shen was born in Pingxiang, Changyi.
参考资料:
高分求用英文介绍孔子的短文。
Confucius's father told Ge, word uncle liang, is a small attaches 481b.c position, he is strong. Once, several governors to smite a call forced state Yang (now in shandong Yi county south) small, lu also attended. Holes in the army Ge 481b.c. When they scored advocating manufactory, ShouCheng man put a gate down, first into the city's team was partition in town see again, at this moment the hole Ge but with handed the gate a lift, set off, first into the city's army was able to completely back. This happened during the year 563 B.C., from Confucius was born and twelve years sonar (1). And once, hole Ge and other two 481b.c generals, and three hundred warrior, beat back the qi of depressions. This happened in in 556 BC, only 5 years (from Confucius was born. This is what we are just know about Confucius father's deeds. Confucius's mother's maiden name, that features in intensive. When the hole Ge marry her, she is very young, but Ge has holes on the old (3). Their marriage is not after the then social traffic on the complete formalities, therefore suffered social put-downs. ... According to shi-ji Confucius family "account, Confucius ancestors are shells seed. Week after ZhouChengWang sealing, destroy shang shang shang, zhou's ordinary elder brother, loyalty is the MingChen micro son rev in song dynasty. Previously the shangqiu (now henan shangqiu area). Micro son rev died, his brother micro para-ammonium style-came, slightly para-ammonium namely for the ancestors of Confucius. Since Confucius ShiZu KongFu jia after six, offspring start with the hole, its name for preventing great-grandfather hole in order to escape from song domestic tert-butyl disorderly, from 475-221 B.C. fled to 481b.c. Confucius's father uncle liang Ge (uncle beam for words, Ge name) is lu famous warriors, uncle liang Ge first married ShiShi, born nine women, and none of his concubine born a son meng skin, but it had foot disease. In the situation, women and disability son shoulds not be's surname. Uncle liang Ge senectitude and young woman YanShi gave birth to Confucius. Due to the mother had to Confucius nehemiah prayed, and then wiles QiuShan Confucius, and because under KongZiGang birth among the overhead, like that QiuShan concave, Halls mound, word ZhongNi (lasalle for the second meaning, uncle liang Ge firstborn for meng skin, meng as the first meaning). Confucius age three, uncle liang Ge in 2002, after, Confucius family quite poor. For various reasons, Confucius politically without excessive as, but in governance 481b.c three months, it serves to Confucius is worthy of distinguished statesmen of the title. Political not satisfied, make Confucius can be used in a large part of the energy education career. Confucius served with disciple, after SiKou 481b.c travel around ten years before finally return to 481b.c and concentrate on the coach. Confucius broke, creating a private education monopoly pioneer. Confucius' disciple as many as three thousand, including sages 72 bits, many of them are senior beams for all countries.孔子的父亲叫纥,字叔梁,是鲁国一个职位不大的武官,他很有力气。
有一次,几个诸侯国家去攻打一个叫逼阳(在现在山东峄县南)的小国,鲁国也参加了。
孔纥就在鲁国的军队中。
当他们攻入倡阳城的时候,守城的人把一种闸门放了下来,先入城的队伍眼看就被隔断在城里了,这时孔纥却用双手把闸门一掀,掀起来了,先入城的军队才得以完全退出来。
这事发生在公元前563年,离孔子出生还有十二年呐①。
又有一次,孔纥和其他两个鲁国将领,率领三百武士,打退了齐国的侵扰。
这事发生在公元前556年,离孔子出生只有五年②。
这就是我们所仅仅知道的关于孔子父亲的事迹了。
孔子的母亲姓颜,叫徵在。
当孔纥和她结婚的时候,她还很年轻,可是孔纥已经上了岁数了③。
他们的结婚是没有经过当时社会上所通行的完备手续的,因此遭到了社会上的奚落。
…… 据《史记·孔子世家》记载,孔子的祖先本是殷商后裔。
周灭商后,周成王封商纣王的庶兄,商朝忠正的名臣微子启于宋。
建都商丘(今河南商丘一带)。
微子启死后,其弟微仲即位,微仲即为孔子的先祖。
自孔子的六世祖孔父嘉之后,后代子孙开始以孔为姓,其曾祖父孔防叔为了逃避宋国内乱,从宋国逃到了鲁国。
孔子的父亲叔梁纥(叔梁为字,纥为名)是鲁国出名的勇士,叔梁纥先娶施氏,生九女而无一子,其妾生一子孟皮,但有足疾。
在当时的情况下,女子和残疾的儿子都不宜继嗣。
叔梁纥晚年与年轻女子颜氏生下孔子。
由于孔子的母亲曾去尼丘山祈祷,然后怀下孔子,又因孔子刚出生时头顶的中间凹下,像尼丘山;故起名为丘,字仲尼(仲为第二的意思,叔梁纥的长子为孟皮,孟为第一的意思)。
孔子三岁的时候,叔梁纥病逝,之后,孔子...
求一篇介绍孔子的英语作文。
According to tradition, Confucius was born in 551 BC, in the Spring and Autumn Period, at the beginning of the Hundred Schools of Thought philosophical movement. Confucius was born in or near the city of Qufu, in the Chinese State of Lu (now part of Shandong Province).He was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Taiwanese and Vietnamese thought and life.His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines, such as Legalism (法家) or Taoism (道家) during the Han Dynasty[2][3][4] (206 BC – 220 AD). Confucius' thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家). It was introduced to Europe by the Jesuit Matteo Ricci, who was the first to Latinise the name as "Confucius."His teachings may be found in the Analects of Confucius (论语), a collection of "brief aphoristic fragments", which was compiled many years after his death. Modern historians do not believe that any specific documents can be said to have been written by Confucius,[5][6] but for nearly 2,000 years he was thought to be the editor or author of all the Five Classics[7][8] such as the Classic of Rites (editor), and the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋) (author).
孔子的英文介绍
Confucius (born Kong Qiu, styled Zhong Ni) was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu in 551 B.C., a poor descendant of a deposed noble family. As a child, he held make-believe temple rituals; as a young adult, he quickly earned a reputation for fairness, politeness and love of learning, and he was reputed to be quite tall. He traveled extensively and studied at the imperial capital, Zhou, where he is said to have met and spoke with Lao Zi, the founder of Daoism. Upon his return to Lu, he gained renown as a teacher, but when he was 35, Duke Zhao of Lu led his country to war, was routed and fled to the neighboring country of Qi; in the disorder following the battle, Confucius followed. Duke Zhao frequently came to him for advice, but upon counsel of one of his ministers, he decided against granting land to Confucius and gradually stopped seeking his counsel. When other nobles began plotting against Confucius' position, Duke Zhao refused to intervene, and Confucius returned to Lu. But conditions there were no better than before, and Confucius retired from public life to concentrate on teaching and studying. At age 50, he was approached by the Baron of Qi to help defend against a rebellion, but he declined. He was later made a city magistrate by the new Duke of Lu, and under his administration the city flourished; he was promoted several times, eventually becoming Grand Secretary of Justice and, at age 56, Chief Minister of Lu. Neighboring countries began to worry that Lu would become too powerful, and they sent messengers with gifts and dancers to distract the duke during a sacrifice holiday. When the duke abandoned his duties to receive the messengers, Confucius resigned and left the country. Confucius spent the next five years wandering China with his disciples, finding that his presence at royal courts was rarely tolerated for long before nobles would begin plotting to drive him out or have him killed. He was arrested once and jailed for five days, and at 62 he was pursued, along with his disciples, into the countryside by a band of soldiers sent by jealous nobles, until he was able to send a messenger to the sympathetic king of a nearby country, who sent his own soldiers to rescue them. Once again, Confucius was to be given land but was denied it upon counsel of another high minister. After further wanderings, he eventually returned to Lu at age 67. Although he was welcomed there and chose to remain, he was not offered public office again, nor did he seek it. Instead he spent the rest of his years teaching and, finally, writing. He died at 72. 孔子(名秋 字仲尼)生于鲁国邹村在我国公元前551年, 元老废黜了一个贫苦家庭高贵. 作为一个孩子,他认为地以为庙祭; 作为一个年轻的成年人,他很快赢得美誉公平、 礼貌、爱学习,他被誉为是相当高大. 他走遍了研究和广泛的帝国首都周 据说他曾与交谈老子,道家创始人. 返回卢,他赢得声威当老师,但是当他35岁 赵吕公爵率领乌加战争是落花流水逃往邻国齐; 在混乱的战斗后,孔子之后. 杜克赵常找他请教,但他的一名律师在部长会议 他决定对孔子逐渐停止批地给他的律师求. 当其他贵族开始密谋对付孔子地位杜克赵拒绝介入,孔子返鲁. 但没有任何条件比以前更好、离退休孔子退隐专心教学和学习. 50岁时,他遇见了男爵齐协防打击叛乱,但他拒绝. 他后来被新县长作了一个城市格洛斯特路 而在他主政全市蓬勃开展; 升任几次,终于成为大政司司长, 年仅56岁,首席部长鲁. 周边国家开始担心,将成为卢太强大 送信、送礼物、跳舞,他们分散在公爵牺牲假期. 当公爵遗弃职务领取送信,孔子辞职,离开该国. 未来5年内花费孔子与弟子中徘徊, 法院认定他出席皇家贵族很少容忍多久便开始密谋把他或他杀死. 他被捕入狱后五天,他是在62追求,随着他的弟子, 到郊外一阶士兵发出嫉妒贵族, 直到他能够体谅国王派遣使者到邻近的国家, 当年送自己的士兵拯救. 再次,孔子得到它的土地,但遭到拒绝后,高律师另一个大臣. 进一步漫游后,他终于回到鲁年仅67. 虽然他并没有选择留欢迎,他没有向公职再次 他也不求. 而他花了他多年的教学和休息,最后写作. 他死在72.
(100分)求英文介绍孔子思想的文章。
孔子之所以能成为“圣人”,一是由于他的思想主张顺应了统治者巩固统治的需要,他提出的“仁”、“德”和“礼”,有利于稳定封建统治秩序,这样的思想自然能受到统治者的重视;二是后代儒家学者在发扬儒学中提出了适应君主专制制度发展的需要的主张,不断提高了儒学的地位;三是历史政治秩序稳定,统治巩固后,孔子受到重视,社会动乱时,孔子首当其冲受到批判。
西汉起,历代不断给孔子加封追谥,汉平帝追封孔子为公爵,称“褒成宣尼公”。
唐玄宗李隆基加给孔子谥号“文宣”,始称“文宣王”。
元武宗年间加封为“大成至圣文宣王”,后又称“至圣先师”、“大成至圣先师”等等。
同时孟子被尊为亚圣,颜回被尊为复圣,子思被尊为述圣。
Confucius has become a "saint," the first claim because of his ideas conform to the needs of the rulers to consolidate his rule, he proposed the "benevolence" and "Virtue" and "propriety", the feudal political order conducive to stability, so the idea naturally by the rulers of the attention; second generations of Confucian scholars to carry forward the Confucian system of absolute monarchy in the proposed development needs to adapt to the idea of increasing the status of Confucianism; third order in the history of political stability, rule of consolidation, Confucius attention , social unrest, Confucius bear the brunt of criticism.Western Han Dynasty, the ancient Confucian sealed continue to chase Shi, Han Ping Emperor bestowed on the Duke of Confucius, saying, "declared Nigeria as public praise." Posthumous title of Emperor Lilongjijia to Confucius, "propaganda" before the "Wenxuan Wang." Yuan Takemune sealed between the "Great Holy Wenxuan Wang", after known as the "sage and teacher," "Great sage and teacher," and so on. At the same time revered sage Mencius, revered as Fu-Sheng Yen Hui, Zisi revered holy state.
介绍孔子讲座的英语作文
According to tradition, Confucius was born in 551 BC, in the Spring and Autumn Period, at the beginning of the Hundred Schools of Thought philosophical movement. Confucius was born in or near the city of Qufu, in the Chinese State of Lu (now part of Shandong Province).He was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Taiwanese and Vietnamese thought and life.His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines, such as Legalism (法家) or Taoism (道家) during the Han Dynasty[2][3][4] (206 BC – 220 AD). Confucius' thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家). It was introduced to Europe by the Jesuit Matteo Ricci, who was the first to Latinise the name as "Confucius."His teachings may be found in the Analects of Confucius (论语), a collection of "brief aphoristic fragments", which was compiled many years after his death. Modern historians do not believe that any specific documents can be said to have been written by Confucius,[5][6] but for nearly 2,000 years he was thought to be the editor or author of all the Five Classics[7][8] such as the Classic of Rites (editor), and the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋) (author).
孔子的英文简介
孔丘 (前551年9月28日~前479年4月11日),字仲尼。
排行老二, 汉族人,春秋时期鲁国人。
孔子是我国古代伟大的思想家和教育家,儒家学派创始人,世界最著名的文化名人之一。
编撰了我国第一部编年体史书《春秋》。
据有关记载,孔子出生于鲁国陬邑昌平乡(今山东省曲阜市东南的南辛镇鲁源村);孔子逝世时,享年73岁,葬于曲阜城北泗水之上,即今日孔林所在地。
孔子的言行思想主要载于语录体散文集《论语》及先秦和秦汉保存下的《史记·孔子世家》。
德治主张 同孔子的仁说和礼说相联系,在治国的方略上,他主张“为政以德”,用道德和礼教来治理国家是最高尚的治国之道。
这种治国方略也叫“德治”或“礼治”。
这种方略把德、礼施之于民,实际上已打破了传统的礼不下庶人的信条,打破了贵族和庶民间原有的一条重要界限。
孔子的仁说,体现了人道精神,孔子的礼说,则体现了礼制精神,即现代意义上的秩序和制度。
人道主义这是人类永恒的主题,对于任何社会,任何时代,任何一个政府都是适用的,而秩序和制度社会则是建立人类文明社会的基本要求。
孔子的这种人道主义和秩序精神是中国古代社会政治思想的精华。
Confucius (fes before September 28 ~ 479 years before April 11), ZhongNi words. Second, the han people, the spring and autumn period LuGuoRen. Confucius is a great thinker and educator, founder of the Confucian school, one of the most famous cultural celebrities. The first book was compiled by the spring and autumn annals of how two young boys. According to relevant records, Confucius is born in changping township (city state of south shandong ocres today southeast LuYuan village); Michael town, Confucius died at the age of 73 years, when the entire body, namely above surabaya qufu konglin was suggested today. Confucius' thought and main body of sayings in the analects of Confucius and collection of qin and qin chuzi under the preservation, Confucius family ".Rule The kernel and ritual with Confucius said, in the general rule, he advocated governing with ", "with morality and Confucianism to govern the country is the most noble governing way. The general rule is that "virtue" or "government". This strategy, the ritual in people, in fact, have broken the traditional ritual no creed, broke the noble and ordinary folk original an important boundary.Confucius said, benevolence, embodies the spirit of humanism, Confucius said, embodies the spirit of etiquette, namely the modern sense of order and system. This is the humanitarian human eternal theme, for any society, any age, any government is suitable, and social order and system is established the basic requirements of the civilization of human society. Confucius's humanitarian and order the spirit of Chinese ancient political thought is of the essence
求孔子的英文介绍
Confucius (Chinese: 孔夫子; pinyin: Kǒng Fūzǐ; Wade-Giles: K'ung-fu-tzu), lit. "Master Kong,"[1] (September 28, 551 BC – 479 BC) was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Taiwanese and Vietnamese thought and life.His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines, such as Legalism (法家) or Taoism (道家) during the Han Dynasty[2][3][4] (206 BC – 220 AD). Confucius' thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家). It was introduced to Europe by the Jesuit Matteo Ricci, who was the first to Latinise the name as "Confucius."His teachings may be found in the Analects of Confucius (论语), a collection of "brief aphoristic fragments", which was compiled many years after his death. Modern historians do not believe that any specific documents can be said to have been written by Confucius,[5][6] but for nearly 2,000 years he was thought to be the editor or author of all the Five Classics[7][8] such as the Classic of Rites (editor), and the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋) (author).
介绍一下孔子(英文至少5句)
Confucius was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese, and Vietnamese thought and life.His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines, such as Legalism (法家) or Taoism (道家) during the Han Dynasty.Confucius' thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家). It was introduced to Europe by the Jesuit Matteo Ricci, who was the first to Latinise the name as "Confucius."His teachings may be found in the Analects of Confucius (论语), a collection of "brief aphoristic fragments", which was compiled many years after his death. Modern historians do not believe that any specific documents can be said to have been written by Confucius, but for nearly 2,000 years he was thought to be the editor or author of all the Five Classics such as the Classic of Rites (editor), and the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋).
孔子学院简介的英语作文
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关于孔子在世界上的地位的英语作文
Confucius, a great ancient Chinese thinker, was again thrown into the spotlight on Wednesday when a range of memorial activities were held worldwide to commemorate the 2,556th anniversary of his birth. Commemorative activities were organized simultaneously in six cities in the Republic of Korea, Japan, Singapore, the United States and Germany, with the auspices of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Born in 551 B.C., Confucius, a statesman and educator, founded the Confucian school of thinking, or Confucianism, which emphasizes a people-first ideal and advocates a personality with the virtues of loyalty, filial piety, integrity, and seeking "harmony while maintaining disparity" in culture and thinking. Confucianism has ready solutions to many problems that wreak havoc in the contemporary world, such as regional conflicts and a worsening ecology, said Tu Wei-Ming, a professor of Chinese history and philosophy at Harvard University. "In this sense, Confucius not only belongs to China, but also to the whole world."