球者-命也
我写过相关论文 参考下吧 将近1000字
Energy Source
Energy means the power which does work and drives machines.
All living things (including humans) rely on the sun as a source of energy. Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are energy sources available today because organisms in the past captured sunlight energy and stored it in the complex organic molecules that made up their bodies, which were then compressed and concentrated.
With the development of society, a large of energy sources have been used,such as coal, petroleum, natural gas, geothermal energy, nuclear fission power, nuclear fusion power, solar energy, and Hydrogen gas. however, under the circumstances, the quantity of energy source is limited. unlimited usage of energy source results in energy crisis.
At present, most of the energy consumed by humans is produced from fossil fuels. The greatest recoverable fossil is in the form of coal and lignite. Although world coal resources are enomous and potentially can fill energy needs for a century or two, their utilization is limited by environmental disruption from mining and emissions of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide. These would become intolerable long before coal resources were exhausted.
Only a small percentage of coal and lignite has been utilized to date, whereas much of the recoverable petroleum and natural gas has already been consumed. Petroleum has several characteristics that make it superior to coal as a source of energy. Its extraction causes less environmental damage than does coal mining. It is a more concentrated source of energy than coal, and it burns with less pollution, and it can be moved easily through pipes. These characteristics make it an ideal fuel for automobiles.
Since first commercial oil well in 1859, somewhat more than 100 million barrels of oil have been produced in the United States, most of it in recent years. In 1990 world petroleum consumption was at a rate of about 65 million barrels per day. Projected use of petroleum and natural gas indicates rapid depletion. Alaskan oil can help the petroleum supply only temporarily. Peak world petroleum resources production will be reached within a few years.
Since the first "energy crisis" of 1973-1974, some concrete actions have even taken place. However, the several-fold increase in crude oil prices since 1973 has extacted a toll. In the U.S. and other industrialized nations, the economy has been plagued by inflation, recession, unemployment, and obsolescence of industrial equipment. The economies of some petroleum-deficient developing countries have been devastated by energy prices.
Energy crisis was accompanied by worldwide shortages of some foods and minerals, followed in some cases by surpluses, such as the surplus wheat resulting from increased planting and a copper surplus resulting from the efforts of copper-producing nations to acpuire foreign currency by copper export.
As known to all,the availability and cost of energy has become dominant factors in society today. Obviously, solving the "energy crisis" makes good sense. Many schemes has been proposed for conserving present energy resources and for developing new ones. It is always possible to use less energy in any process. Therefore, energy engineer is created and developed. The first goal of energy engineer is to determine the methods by which energy utilization is reduced but the output remains the same, or even increases.The second goal is to determine which methods of using less energy are cost effective.
Conventional engineering techniques are used to evaluated the mechanisms of energy use. Economic considerations are of equal importance and life cycle cost and saving techniques are used to determine cost-effective measures. The evaluation focuses on those uses which are significant in the overall picture and attempts to determine those technical measures that can reduce usage and save money.
Meanwhile, looking for ideal energy sources is also very important to solve energy crisis. The recipe for an ideal energy source calls for one that is unlimited in supply, widely available, and inexpensive; it should not add to the earth's total heat burden or produce chemical air and water pollutants. Solar energy fulfills all of these criteria. Solar energy does not add excess heat to that which must be radiated from the earth. On a global basis, utilization of only a small fraction of solar energy reaching the earth could provide for all energy needs.
Solar energy is unlimited in supply, but its exploitation and utilization are limited owing to the limitation of technology and conditions.
Solar energy
utilization needs an enormous amount of land, and there are economic and environmental problems related to the use of even a fraction of this amount of land for solar energy collection. Certainly, many residents of Arizona would not be pleased at having so much of the state devoted to solar collectors, and some environmental groups would protest the resultant shading of rattlesnake habitat.
Solar power cells for the direct conversion of sunlight to electricity have been developed and are widely used for energy in space vehicles. With present technology, however, they remain too expensive for large-scale generation of electricity. Therefore, most schemes for the utilization of solar power depend upon the collection of thermal energy, followed by conversion to electrical energy. The simplest such approach involves focusing sunlight on a steam-generating bioler. Parabolic refkectors can be used to focus sunlight on pipes containing heat-transporting fluids. Selective coatings on these pipes can be used so that only a small percentage of incident energy is reradiated from the pipes.
With the installation of more heating devices and the probable development of some cheap, direct solar electrical generating capacity, it is likely that during the coming centry solar energy will be providing an appreciable percentage of energy needs in areas receiving abundants.
如何节约能源英语作文
节约能源英语作文
节约能源
英文：
Save the Energy Resources
Another round of energy crisis is knocking at the door. In 2004, world oil
consumption reached a new record, causing oil price in the international market to
skyrocket amazingly. As for China, it was reported that many traditional mineral cities in
northeastern China had run into predicament, with their economy collapsed and workers
unemployed, only because coal had been mined out.
Fossil energy resources, including coal, oil and gas, are unlike sunlight, water power
and wind power which are generated consistently. They’re not practically reproductive
during human history. Once consumed, they’re gone forever. If they were to be exhausted
before we could find sufficient reproductive resources to replace them with, w
e’d have to
live in entire blackout again like our ancestors have done thousands of years ago. That’s
of course not what anyone would want to see.
Due to technical limitations, people still have to utilize these resources now.
As a result, we must economize them most cleverly. New techniques should be
developed and applied to reduce energy cost in industry and daily life. Alternative energy
should be employed wherever possible. Eradicate any practice that wastes energy.
Humans have overcome so many crises i
n history, and we’re sure to win this time also.
With the develope of society,many people begin to care about saving energy.I think
saving energy is everyone's duty.So we should do well our responsibility.For instance,we
need remeber to shut off the lamp when we leave a room without anyone else and shut off
the tap when stop to use it to save water.Sometimes we can take our bay to the
supermarket to buy something.It can save resources.Finally,the most basica is we can't
throw litter on the ground anyway.We have one earth ,she is our only home.If everyone do
his best to protect her,she will be more beautiful.
【扩展阅读篇】
作文是决定语文考试
成绩
的
“
半壁江山
”
，因此作文的成败往往决定了整个语文考试的
成败。那么
怎样
让考试作文得高分呢
?
我觉得以下几点必须注意。
1
、
题和立意凡考试作文必须审题
，
原因是考生要在同一环境下，
作公平的竞争。
审题，
就是要对试题展现的所有内容作全面、
准确的审读和理解，
把命题者的意图读出来，
把题目
的各种限制审清楚，明确要我写
什么
，怎么写，写到
什么
程度，真正做到全面领会，深刻把
握，不偏不漏、
不折不扣地按要求写作文。高考作文评判明确规定，凡审题有问题的试卷最
后得分一般都不超过二类卷最低分。
由此可见，
审题的准确与否是作文成败的关键因素。
立
意，就是要作者站在时代的高度，去观察、认识
生活
，提炼主题，使主题体现时代的精神，
既反映时代，也作用于时代，跳动时代的脉搏，推动着时代的前进。文章的
“
意
”
，
其实就
是作者在体验
生活
中逐步孕育而成的一种思想，是作者的主观认识与客观实际相
“
撞击
”
的产
物，
它反映作者的思想水平、
认识水平以及在社会生活中形成的世界观、
人生观、
价值观等。
近两年的作文教改提倡学生写真实生活、
真实自我，
有些
同学
忽视了对文章思想倾向的把握，
看问题不全面，
观点偏激，
更有甚者由腐败现象而怀疑党的领导和党的政策。
尽管当今的中
国社会政治清明，言论自由，话说错了不会追查什么政治问题，但作为未来社会的建设者，
正确的是非观还是应该有的。这一点必须注意。
2
、
标题和段落标题是文章的眼睛
，也是阅卷老师对文章的第一印象，特别是自拟题目
写作，阅卷老师很看重考生所拟的标题。俗话说：
“
秧好一半谷，题好一半文
”
，可见题目的
重要性。
有些考生先写正文再拟标题，
文章写好后也许是没有时间写标题，
也许是忘了补写
标题。虽然评分规定无标题扣
2
分，但实际结果却远非
2
分。有人曾做过这样的实验，将
几篇写得较好的作文，
按保留标题和隐去标题两种类型请两组老师分别予以阅卷，
其分数差
别一般都在
5
分以上。这是因为阅卷老师对无标题作文产生了一种心理距离，不知不觉便
降低了分数等级。至于如何拟题，我觉得应做到这样几条：①确切。指符合文章内容，也指
遣词造句符合规范
)
。②精练。指标题字数恰当。③生动。指题目能体现出一种活力，具有
可读性，饶有情趣。④新颖。指有新视角、新思路、新感悟，能够给人一种新鲜感。⑤有意
蕴。指有内在的含义。拟题方法多种多样，可以运用修辞拟题，可以引用俗语拟题，可以化
用古语拟题，
可以借用成语拟题，
可以套用流行语拟题，
也可以巧用
其他
学科公式或符号拟
题等等，
考生可以根据自己的情况灵活运用。
段落：
考试作文最忌首、
腹、
尾三段式的结构。
把文章分为几段更好
?
千字以内的作文，我觉得分为
5-8
个自然段就可以了。因为自然段分
得越自然，
越显得你成熟老练。
另外，
要把每一段的首句写好。
每一段的首句犹如人的眉目，
把首句写好，
“
眉清目秀
”
，整个段落都显着精神。
3
、
文体和内容高考作文试题对文体的要求有两类
：
一类是规定必须写某种文体，
如
“
写
一篇议论文
”;
另一类是排除写某种文体，如
“
除诗歌外，其他文体不限
”
。考生必须按规定的
文体去写。近几年高考作文题中
“
文体不限
”
，让考生自由选择文体，这里要特别注意，文体
不限不是不要文体，
而是要你在选择了一种文体后，
一定要按这种文体特点写作，
要写什么
象什么。不可随心所欲，写成不伦不类的
“
四不像
”
文章。文章内容方面：不假思索就能想到
的东西，绝对不要写
;
稍加思索想到的也不要写
;
花上几分钟，想别人想不到的内容来写。记
叙文最好将主人公设定为自己，用第一人称入文，让
“
我
”
的激情在文章中闪光，情真意切，
引起共鸣。议论文切忌大话、套话、废话，要避免空发议论，无病呻吟，滥提口号，乱发号
召，空表决心等等。作文可以虚构，
“
允许
”
编写故事，但不等于提倡
“
编写故事
”
，编写故事
要做到
“
大胆
想象
，自圆其说
”
。滥编、胡编，绝对不会得高分。
4
、
开头和结尾应试作文的开头结尾，
就是文章的刀刃。
平时在课内外所学的各种开头
结尾的方法完全可以用在应试作文上。
不管你使用什么方法开头和结尾，
必须做到开头起笔
入题，结尾点明主旨。为了给评卷老师一个好的印象，开头结尾千万不要涂抹。有道是：良
好的开端是成功的一半。
可有些考生犯
“
入题慢
”
的毛病：
有的把大段的原材料全部照搬
;
有的
把本来简洁的原材料进行扩展
;
有的开篇摆材料，古今中外，慢慢道来。开篇松散，占去了
大量的篇幅，
后面的真正应该说的内容却
“
千呼万唤不出来
”
，
有的只是一笔带过，
草草收兵，
比例严重失调，使老师难以衡量其实际写作水平。古人写文章讲究
“
凤头
”
、
“
猪肚
”
、
“
豹尾
”
，
这是有一定道理的。
可有些考生作文来不及刹尾，
或用一句话硬断，或点上一串省略号，这
样即使你雕出了
“
凤头
”
，壮大了
“
猪肚
”
，也会因为没有
“
豹尾
”
而不成其好文章，得不到高分。
阅卷老师衡量一篇文章的好坏，
首先是看其整体。
所以，
考生交给老师的无论如何也应是一
篇完整的作文。
5
、
语言和字数考试作文语言要规范准确，具有个性和活力。
不要文白夹杂
;
不要使用
别人看不懂的方言和词汇
;
少用长句多用短句
;
可引进部分时代新词汇，引用名言警句，引用
流行的通俗歌曲歌词，引用百姓口头民谣，但取向一定要积极向上，真正让语言亮起来。照
理说，
文章是表情达意的工具，
有话则长，
无话则短，
似乎不应有字数的限制。
但考试作文，
作为一种特殊形式的作文，
为了达到一定的考查目的，
并考虑到考试时间等因素，
一般对字
数都作了规定。
我们必须按照规定去做。
限最低字数的，
一定要写够数量或稍微超过
50
—
100
字才好。如果字数不足，虽然评分标准规定，不足字数的，每少
50
字扣
1
分，但实际情况
是，
字数不足往往被认为文章内容单薄，
分数很难上档次。
限最高字数的，
不要超过。
否则，
给人一种臃肿的感觉，再说，作文写得长，花的时间多，解答前面的题用的时间少，必定会
受到影响。
如果没有限最高字数，一般就是以作文纸为限，即要在作文纸格子内行文。
千万
不要自作多情，超出作文格子，以免出力不讨好。
6
、
书写和卷面近年高考作文评分标准中，
书写都占相当的比分。
一般不要求写得好看，
但要求书写整齐易辨认，
一笔一画清清楚楚，
不写草字。
标点符号书写也要规范，
特别是格
式要正确，句号、逗号、问号、叹号、顿号、分号不要出现在一行之首
;
引号、括号、书名
号前半不出现在一行之末，可以在这些符号后面挤着写一个字
;
引号、括号、书名号后一半
不出现在一行之首，
可以把这些符号挤在上一行之末。
省略号、
破折号占两个格，
不能断开，
写不下时挤在一行之末。
至于作文的卷面，正如人的容貌一样，给人的印象是重要的，
尤其
是高考作文，卷面整洁与否直接影响着阅卷老师的心理和情绪，书写工整，
卷面清洁，
让人
一看心中先喜三分，其结果是可想而知的。
7
、
检查与修改考试作文试题和其他试题一样，
做完后也需要认真检查
，
看有没有笔误
的错别字，
有没有不通顺的句子，有没有需要调整的内容。审查发现了错别字、错用了词语
一定要修改过来，对于句段该删的要删掉，该增的要增补，只是要改得清楚、整洁，使人一
目了然。不能因为修改而影响了卷面的整洁。
关于新能源的英语作文
Development of new energy should be established as an important strategy for China to address energy shortage and environmental woes, Zhang Guobao, head of the National Energy Administration, said Saturday.
To develop new sources of energy has become an important strategy for many countries to fight for a dominance in the combat against climate change, and China should closely follow global developments in this area, beef up R&D of new energy technologies, and invest more in the industry, said Zhang.
"If we fail to address the development of new energy from a higher horizon, we will regret to find ourselves falling behind others within 10 years," said Zhang, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).
Zhang's advocation is echoed by Ouyang Minggao, who underlined the use of new-energy vehicles at the same plenary meeting of the top political advisory body.
"The promotion of energy-efficient and new-energy vehicles is a necessary step in the country's energy development and in the revival of the auto industry," said Ouyang, a Tsinghua University professor.
In China, coal makes up about 70 percent of its total energy consumption, 40 percentage points higher than the world average.
The country is seeking the development of other energy sources than coal to shift its heavy reliance on coal and reduce pollution.
Premier Wen Jiabao said in the government work report delivered to lawmakers Thursday that the country will "energetically develop a circular economy and clean energy."
The country would promote R&D on technologies in new energy sources and develop clean energy such as nuclear, wind, and solar power this year, according to Wen's report.
Yang Qi, honorary president of the Nuclear Power Institute of China and a CPPCC National Committee member, urged the country to develop new technologies to conserve energy and reduce emissions.
He said the country is stressed by targets to improve energy efficiency and reduce emissions, as the country is expected to initiate more projects under the huge 4-trillion-yuan stimulus plan.
Premier Wen said Thursday the country's energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 4.59 percent from the previous year, chemical oxygen demand down by 4.42 percent, and sulfur dioxide emissions down by 5.95 percent.
Over the past three years, total energy consumption per unit of GDP dropped by 10.08 percent, chemical oxygen demand down by 6.61 percent, and sulfur dioxide emissions down by 8.95 percent, according to the Premier.
China aims to cut energy consumption for every 10,000 yuan (1,298 U.S. dollars) of GDP by 20 percent from 2006 to 2010, with emissions to drop 10 percent.
关于能源短缺的英语作文
Energy shortage is a very serious problem in the world. Many people worry that energy resources on the earth will be exhausted if we use them in an unchecked way. This, most people agree, will cause serious problems and even crisis and jeopardize the survival of mankind .
On the one hand, most people agree that the problem can be solved in one way or another. One is to conserve and save our energy. Energy refers not only to coal, oil, or natural gases but also to goods, land and water, etc. Most countries have realized the wastefulness in their using of energy. They are trying to conserve energy. For example, some countries have a daylight saving system to use less electricity for lighting. Some cities have enforced water savers at public such as restrooms and bars. Some have enforced serious penalties on overuse of electricity, water, and farming land. By these means, people hope the drain on energy resources could be slowed down.
However, conservation alone cannot solve the problem. Another way, perhaps the best I think,, is to develop new energy resources. Obviously, no matter how hard we try to save energy resources and how abundant they are, we will use them up sooner or later. I think there are many energy resources that we can develop and utilize. We don't have to depend only on the current conventional energy resources. There are many other energy resources that we can develop such as nuclear power, waterpower and solar power. These resources, if developed, can completely replace the conventional energy and thus solve the problem of energy shortage.
写一篇关于节约能源的英语作文
“家园只有一个，地球不能克隆”。是啊，地球是我们唯一的家，它哺育着大地万物，为人类无私的奉献！
There is only one "home, the earth can't clone". Yes, the earth is our only home, it is nurturing the earth, all things for human's selfless dedication!
“不要让地球的最后一滴水，成为人类悔恨的眼泪”，这句话一直触动着我的心灵。楼道水龙头旁清楚的写着“珍惜资源，节约用水”，但在那里玩水、洒水等浪费水的现象经常出现，甚至，水在源源不断的流着，然而用水之人却消失的无影无踪；教室中的多媒体经常连夜的开着，然而，在放学时，可能有同学看到了，但他们宁可让多媒体整夜开着，也不愿意去迈那几步；在办公室里，打印机、电脑这些教学设备总是处于待机状态；有些孩子在教室里撕本子，玩折纸飞机；有些孩子因不想吃饭而去将那米饭倒掉。
"Don't let the last drop of water, has become our tears of regret", this sentence has been touching my heart. Corridor near the faucet clearly written on the "treasure resources, saving water," but playing with water, there often appear the phenomenon of wasting water, such as water, even in a steady stream of water flow, the water of the people, however, disappeared; Multimedia in the classroom often overnight open, however, in the school, may see a classmate, but they would rather let multimedia open all night, also don't want to take the steps; In the office, printer, computer these teaching equipment is always in standby state; Some children in the classroom to tear notebook, playing origami planes; Some children due to don't want to eat to the rice.
为什么如此简单随手一关，对我们来说那么困难？为什么如此简单的几步，对我们来说如同登天一般困难。我们要学会节约能源，降低耗费，珍惜资源！人类只有一个地球！
Why so easy with a level, so difficult for us? Why so simple a few steps, like heaven difficult for us. We should learn to save energy, reduce cost, cherish resources! Humans have only one earth!
也许对于我们来说，水、电、食物这些资源是取之不尽的，但是，你可否想过：在地球的另一方，有人因缺水而死亡，因饥饿而失去生命。而这些，往往是我们能够帮到他们的，每一个人只要节约一点点，积少成多，聚沙成塔，如果每人每月节约1吨水，全国一年就能节省了156亿吨水；如果每人每天节约1元钱，全国一年就能节省4745亿元。地球上的各种资源都是有限的，我们要学会节省能源，降低耗费，珍惜资源。
Perhaps for us, water, electricity, food, these resources are inexhaustible, but, you may want to: on the other side of the earth, people died for lack of water, lost their lives because of hunger. And these, we can help to them, is often a person just to save a little bit, many a mickle makes a muckle, and cumulatively, if everybody every month 1 tons of water saving, the national a year could save 15.6 billion tons of water; If one yuan per person per day to save money, the country could save $474.5 billion a year. The earth's resources are limited, we must learn to save energy and reduce the cost, cherish resources.
同学们，让我们行动起来吧！地球是我们唯一的家园，让我们携手，一起来保护它！节能降耗，珍惜资源，从身边的小事做起，学会勤俭节约，共创绿色家园！
Boys and girls, let's get started! The earth is our only home, let us hand in hand, together to protect it! Saving energy and reducing consumption, cherish resources, start from around things, learn to thrift, create green home!
节能降耗，珍惜资源是我们大家共同的责任。
Saving energy and reducing consumption, cherish resources is our common responsibility.
节约能源的英语作文
thousands of years ago, the enviornment on earth used to be so good that you'll think you are in the eden park. however, ever since the industrial revolution in the uk, the enviornment tured worse and worse due to many new machines that release waste gas into the air. nowadays, people pay much attention to the environment and we are all working hard to make it better. so of course the environment now is much better than before. but i hope that it'll be even better in the future
英语作文：节约能源的？
Save the Energy Resources
Another round of energy crisis is knocking at the door. In 2004, world oil consumption reached a new record, causing oil price in the international market to skyrocket amazingly. As for China, it was reported that many traditional mineral cities in northeastern China had run into predicament, with their economy collapsed and workers unemployed, only because coal had been mined out.
Fossil energy resources, including coal, oil and gas, are unlike sunlight, water power and wind power which are generated consistently. They’re not practically reproductive during human history. Once consumed, they’re gone forever. If they were to be exhausted before we could find sufficient reproductive resources to replace them with, we’d have to live in entire blackout again like our ancestors have done thousands of years ago. That’s of course not what anyone would want to see.
Due to technical limitations, people still have to utilize these resources now.
As a result, we must economize them most cleverly. New techniques should be developed and applied to reduce energy cost in industry and daily life. Alternative energy should be employed wherever possible. Eradicate any practice that wastes energy. Humans have overcome so many crises in history, and we’re sure to win this time also.
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