作文一:《古代房子的名称(2)》800字
古代房子的名称
宫:古代帝王的住所或神庙,前者如:故宫,后者如:雍和宫。 殿:高大的房屋,特指供奉神佛或帝王受朝理政的房屋,前者如:大雄宝殿,后者如:太和
殿。
室:房屋或内室。前者仲长统《昌言?理乱》有句:豪人之室,连栋数百。后者《礼记?问丧》
有句:入室又弗见也。
府:旧指大官、贵族的住宅,今指国家元首办公或居住的地方。前者如:贾府,后者如:总
统府。
邸:高级官员的住所,如:官邸。
宅:居住地方。《韩非子?诡使》有句:无宅容身。
厢:正房两侧房屋,如:西厢房。
宇:屋檐,后泛指房屋。《史记?秦始皇本纪》有句:各安其宇。 院:院子,如:四合院儿。
牌坊:上刻题字宣扬忠孝节义,标榜功德的门洞式建筑。如:贞节牌坊。 阙:宫庙、墓门前记官爵、功绩和装饰之用的双柱楼观,如:宫阙。 塔:用来藏舍利和经卷的建筑,以方形、八角形为多,如:大雁塔。 刹:佛塔和佛寺的统称,即佛教的寺庙,如:古刹。 寺:僧众供佛的处所,如:少林寺。
庙:奉祀祖宗、神佛或前代贤哲的处所,如家庙、土地庙、孔庙。 祠:比庙规模小一些的建筑,如:宗祠。
观:道教的庙宇,如:白云观。
庵:尼姑住的佛寺,如:尼姑庵。
陵:帝王的墓地,如:明十三陵。
城:都邑四周防御的城垣,如长城。
堡:围有土墙的城镇或乡村,如吴堡,读“补”音。
亭:有顶无墙的小型建筑,如:醉翁亭。
坛:古代举行祭祀、誓师等大典用的台,如:天坛。 楼:二层以上的房屋,如:岳阳楼。
榭:建筑在台上的房屋,如:水榭。
阁:四周设栏杆回廊的楼,如:滕王阁。
廊:屋檐之下的过道,如:九曲回廊。
轩:有窗的长廊或小室,如:惜抱轩。
斋,秋爽斋;
堂,同仁堂;
居,天然居;
馆,潇湘馆;
苑,蘅芜苑;
轩,绛云轩;
榭,藕香榭;
园,怡红园;
村,稻香村;
阁,含芳阁;
坞,暖香坞;
院,梨香院; 亭,子云亭; 庐,诸葛庐; 舍,蜗牛舍; 屋,杜陵屋; 房,南书房; 楼,缀锦楼。
作文二:《古代官员的房子问题》17800字
古代官员的房子问题
The house problem of ancient officials
A prime minister, had to buy "second-hand housing"; the expensive for the pair to make, to live rent; retire, not only out of the official, even a bed can not be taken away...... Wanyan Shaoyuan Zhu, Party School of the CPC Central Committee press official: "easy to crack the Millennium hidden order" a book, tell you how to solve the problem of ancient officials of the house.
In other places, the state provides housing
The "official", is the official residence and office, because often together, today said "office building", so sometimes the meaning of patible office. If the expression with the modern vocabulary, probably is the organ of housing, not only because of their ownership are named "official", which belongs to the state assets, and often has a particular belong to some organs.
Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, officials were appointed by the state, and the latter is either around or remend to the central officials, or the original residents were placed in Gyeonggi outside around the officials, mostly there need different official residence address. Therefore, by the state to provide housing to officials, about it in Qin and Han Dynasty gradually institutionalized.
"Han" volume thirty-nine Cao Can investitive liehou, Pingyang Shi Yi, but I worked in the central and any phase, the phase of Changan's "backyard homes near official homes, homes on
official favorite songs called" and so on. This "homes" and "official homes", is synonymous with residential and official quarters, as provided by the state. The Han Emperor Liu Bang issued to the "warrant" Tongan said: where is the Food City, have to wear these, give Hongchang residential; salary level will reach two thousand stone officials, will be relocated to Changan, given as a residential. This, of course, was a measure of the privilege of the hero in the founding of the people's republic.
Look at the "Han" volume ninety-three, sijung Dong Xian invited emperor Chongxin, holiday also refused to go home to his wife, and the wife of Dong Xian emperor AI franchise moved into his residence in the palace, "if the official wife anchoret temple building". According to this historical data, we can see that the late Han Dynasty, the family members of the government can live with the housing units (official Temple House), has been a mon phenomenon. The "song book" volume forty-one note song "Dantu market", was born in his father Liu Qiao, Jin Ling Jun Gongcao; "history of the Song Dynasty," Song Xiaozong "was born in the Xiaozong period of Qing Shan Xiuzhou official", his father Zhao Zi in Xiuzhou residents; "Chengdu genre" Sima Guang was born in Pixian County, the county official residence, his father was. "Song Wei" news Vol. three, Ou Yangxiu is the father of any government mianzhou joined the army when he "was born in government official", later also use this house instead of "61 hall" (Ou Yangxiu No. 61 Buddhist), to mark the anniversary.
Housing is a kind of treatment
Residential market is not only a welfare, is also a kind of
political treatment. "The fact," volume eleven, Northern Song Dynasty name Kou Zhun by political persecution, Sima was demoted to hampshire. Never give out the Hengzhou government, regulators by the allocation of housing, "who hear the petitive Hewamu, not governor, Gong Li cheng". Seeing the prestige among the people so high, political opponents and get him moved to Leizhou, and finally to make him to death and anger.
Su Dongpo's younger brother Su Zhe was demoted to Leizhou rival chapter Linton, "not allowed in the official, then rent public housing". Chapter Linton that state the rule to take to strictly control the molecular living people. Later, Zhang Dun also was banished to Leizhou, also happened to this person asks the house, the other answer him: "before the Su Gong, the prime minister a few chapters broken home, but not today." (the "guest retreat record" volume eight) this is the intense political struggle in the housing problem of reflection, it also shows that although the official said, but not everyone can live in the hostel.
Integration of office and house
The official so "dignity", a relationship to a certain extent and its position. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the main living area where the heads of state and county government at all levels of local government officials of the two, as usual, are delineated in the respective office that within the office building, monly known as "Ya" or "home", and with the office area of the same house to lobby for the center to draw the line. The song "Kong Pingzhong theory": "the Heng Huang or ya xie shekels...... "The son said, yanei because the ancients often"
yanei "as the official name is the children, their special living conditions as the basis.
"Song Poetry" written Baodang Wen Gong Fu Cao Ren Henan, Henan Fu Xue (video) taste of summer months to visit his shrine homes (abalone) when exposed, embarrassed, easy to take out the plate". This is like a Baodang Director (Cao Guan) officials, is also located in the residential office. Because it is a private living space, and the value of the summer season, so it's not wearing a hat, I'm afraid half naked, so when the boss suddenly visit unfortable.
Like the Kou Zhun, Su Zhe these people at the time of the situation, although the nominal level than Bao Cao officer also higher (Sima is the prefect of the junior officer), but in fact is to accept control. So, no live in Ya "". On the other hand, also take the initiative to give up the glory, Rudong Jinluo containing any state don't drive, "Xie shekels noise, Chi Xiaozhou in the west of the city stands on the cottage, weaving in Xi Wei" ("Jin Shu" volume ninety-two). The man was "building biography", it is hoped in his spare time to have a quiet reading writing.
It is urgent to reform the government with many rooms and few houses
Local officials together with the family members enjoy free housing authority as traditional, until the fall of the Qing dynasty. On the contrary, the housing problem of metropolitan officials, has experienced many changes. I said before, the Han Dynasty officials in the office building, the Eastern Han
Dynasty Wang Chong "Lun Heng" operation, said: "Fu Ting, Li Sherby, then the size of the genus". "Houhanshu" volume sixty-four note of Zhao Qi's grandfather, Ren Yushi, the "born in Yushitai, because Taiwan Qing", and the cohabitation of the family, even adult son daughter-in-law.
However, with the increasing perfection of national centralized management functions and plex mechanism, Jingchao the increasing number of services. According to the statistics of "literature tongkao" volume forty-seven, the total number of officials in Han and Jin Dynasties when only about seven thousand people, the Sui Dynasty after the reunification of the Tang Dynasty reached twelve thousand five hundred and seventy-six people, to eighteen thousand eight hundred and five people, of which there are two thousand six hundred and tty people who worked in the capital.
If you still follow the Han Dynasty Dabaogan, authorities not only "capital hundred division" housing crisis to occur, will be unable to play the functions of the office office, because the office area in addition to the two thousand six hundred and tty member metropolitan officials, also added several times in the Lixu and miscellaneous service and guards, and in the living area and is more than their families, and will wait on all the little maid maid also count. Close your eyes and imagine it into offices?
"Houhanshu" volume tty-seven, Zhang Zhanguan worship in the doctor too, "said the disease is not in Middle East Hou homes". Zhang Zhan, senior officials to rank two thousand stone, not official residences and from the lower housing standards, to
give the surface reason is waiting, long sick leave not director, so the residential market. But a guess, it should be the capital market tensions, as their own knowledge.
In short, with the continuous expansion of the central government, the reform of central government official approach to housing, imperative.
Housing, housing, living in a diversified form
For most metropolitan officials, separate homes and Ya means to this free living hostel traditional living form the diversified farewell, thus showing. As Liu Zongyuan was born in Changan and living in the ancestral home of its own nest, but of course more convenient. If the government is willing to play singles, there is still a single dorm room. "Tang Yu Lin" remember "Zhao calendar cibu Lang, with many homes in this temple Weimu Cao", "homes" that contains the meaning of living with a dormitory.
If you have to take a wife and children, and no family in the capital, it must not choose the. One is to buy houses or direct arbitrage ready-made mansion, such as left Prime Minister Zhang said in the yunglefung mansion, is the result of seduction, "Mr. Feng Shui to buy second-hand housing". If the difficult economic conditions, only on the left. Tang Xuanzong, Deputy Prime Minister Lu Huaishen long sick leave, the song, Lu Congyuan colleagues to his home visiting, but see "for the buildings are very frugal, ugly", "lying in a vice is cons Ze door without a single seat, curtain foil, wind and rain to take every word, Xi Yan" ("Tiandu").
At the same time as Yao Chong and Lu Huaishen are just about the same, living conditions and the "Old Tang book" volume 124 "(Yao Chong) the credit for the way, near Lujiang shekels". Probably because the central area is too expensive, so the house to buy in a remote place, for the convenience of muting, but also in the imperial city near the hotel, a package, and eventually because of living disorders and sick shops". He learned the truth, "Chao Yu migration square hall", is in a special reception surrounding minority and the foreign envoys of the senior foreign hotel, opened a suite for his wife and children live, to facilitate care. However, "Yao" (Chong), to the museum, the office of the Chinese big, dare not live". When Changan introduced the capital residence of the Tang Dynasty, it was said that Xingning square had Yao Chongzhai, which was built by the house and the government". It seems that eventually Tang Xuanzong let the government pay money, in the central section of the new built a Yao phase that is suitable for residential, since then to avoid the crowded hotel distress.
Retired, have to leave the hostel
"The officer and created", its character is "market". If from the perspective of ownership relations, located in the Changan neighborhood of the central government official residence,
There are a lot of similar cases, is the emperor for the Minister of concern, especially given a part of senior officials in this industry belongs to the state house, generally with the home or home and back transfer, demotion. "New anecdotes of the Tang Dynasty" volume three, Xuanzong ascended the throne soon, old
Prime Minister Li Rizhi please retire, once approved, "and also decorated bags, will not occupy industry", is immediately returned to the official, to the other house.
Of course, to give the "formal official for the private there, but because of sin or change dynasties by the Department and other reasons, is also no guarantee that wing. As an Lushan frustrated, Xuanzong had "Chi Qinren Fang Nan Jie made Zhai Tang", sent him to Beijing when to live. By the time he collapsed, the house would be confiscated.
Ministers are rent a house
The Tang Dynasty generally do not want to provide free housing practices, basically is inherited by later dynasties, especially in the song "save". From Kyoto to around the state, with the shop floor (later renamed the shop house services) as head of state-owned property and the administrative department responsible for the hotel, rental and repair issues, the equivalent of modern housing authority. Officials in the post Kyoto and unselfish, all rent house, although the ministers and vice versa. Repeatedly from Tai and Taizong war veteran Liu Fu "is expensive, all advised the taste. Fu said angrily: "I had Paul thick, enough to shelter homes to rent......"" Results after his death, children have no private residence ("history of the Song Dynasty" Vol 75). Yang Liguan in the side, still borrow shop floor of the house, after the death of Song Zhenzong to mourn, only to find the "family homes Wei Xiang, Yu can not enter" ("history of the Song Dynasty" Vol 87).
However, the system does not provide housing to metropolitan
officials, although can save expenditure, but still a lot of work on the inconvenience. Ye Meng "Stone Forest poetry": "the old Ministry officer, no court, although the prime minister also rent homes and home. Every time the province, or a batch of words outside the play, rapid text, then the provincial government held over private first." That is to say, sometimes they have to work out of the province and go home. Suddenly there is the need for urgent documents, according to the system have two military government (i.e. the slaughter house, the head of the Privy Council) signed to take effect, but by holding an official document to a leadership made, "both slow and protracted, leakage". Thus, "Yuan Feng early, before the construction of the East and the west, in the right door, each house relative to four," vulgar "eight."". Because from the time of song Shenzong Yuanfeng, two heads of government have been built in the area of the imperial palace.
However, free to live in "two house eight" after all few, lower officials have "rent homes and home". So, has served on Xingbu, the Ministry of Personnel Department of Jiang Xiufu etc. plained: "look at the beginning of the month please feed money (i.e. salary), account of time; to the end of the month for rent, a short account of" ("River" magazine, a few neighbors) that rent is paid monthly, pared to ine. "Engel coefficient" is not low. And in the "history of the Song Dynasty and Zhi" etc. in food credit records, from time to time to see the shop floor by three points "debate room.
Buyout of property rights to benefit employees
The case of the Yuan Dynasty was similar to that of the Northern
Song Dynasty, and at least the majority of Han officials were treated in terms of housing. The most famous song was born in,
Since the imperial scholars, from Lin Xiuzhuan tired to libushangshu, the original house gupin sold my father, "undergoesed Michiaki, and to rent a room or house residence" (the "Yuan" volume 182).
In the Ming Dynasty inherited the old, but there are new trends, is a lot of department or buy their houses. At that time, such as system requirements, each want can be in accordance with rank level, using a number of soap service do chores or not, and the soap service industry and food conversion to silver. "Yu Tang Cong Yu" 2, Xie Duo Ren Nanjing Imperial College Jijiu the money, the whole product together tightly, buy more than 30 official residence district, in the county to rent value". Is the original national government loan to their one-time buyout houses, the ownership from the state to all organs in this office for them to live in, do not have to pay the rent on the other. Carefully weighing up to buy property these food silver, the original monthly distributed to every man, this approach in the long run the Xie duo, is doing good for posterity, but see from the front to the incumbent at a disadvantage, because the house belongs to all organs, once transferred or retired, still have to return.
In contrast, with the board of rites Shilang and Beijing Imperial College Jijiu Lin Han, its approach is more docile. "Ming Dynasty" Volume 163, "Lin Han Dian Ancient Chinese Literature Search down ten years old by the number of silver dishes, all storage officer, as the battalion Department Li
homes. Master of Confucianism (Lin) free rent home, by the beginning of han". Is to donate their ten years of ine, housing for the organs, for the welfare of all.
The two data also revealed a little information, is the same for both the central government official, if working in Centre College, because no extra ine, more economic difficulties, only deliver one family's rent is also not underestimate the burden.
Not to take away any public goods
Outside of the housing, a furniture official residence within the debris from authorities according to the occupancy of the identity. The Department of the Ming Dynasty in Chunan County as a case, according to the "Regulations", Harry reform, county magistrate furniture has sixty-three kinds of miscellaneous 200, county magistrate, etc. there are sixty kinds of main book, code of history only nineteen. Hong Wu, a Huangzhou Fu Tongzhi Jung, because of "Yu is good at making public" by his official to anchasi anchasi report, and report to the central. Zhu Yuanzhang after that, as Jung excuse, said: "the real Yuqi are public, if he moved to another anzhen officer, as behidn". ("allusions record" Volume IV) accordingly, officials reassigned or retired, all furniture miscellaneous, according to a list of return.
Talk about the "Ping Zhou", Wang Anshi from the Jiangning government office please sentenced since retirement, Mrs. Wu had a habit of lying in the hostel rattan bed home. Soon after, "county officials to claim about Mo outspoken", quietly to
report to mr.. Wang Anshi know Mrs. Wu "good clean addiction", with their sloppy with her "every mismatched", so "barefoot and got to bed, lying for a long time. Wu (madam) saw the target return". From this we can see that when officials move out of public houses, they can not take away any public goods, and they are also rules of the past. Even if they are prime ministers, they are not to be violated.
作文三:《古代官员的房子问题》4900字
古代官员的房子问题
古代官员的房子问题
堂堂丞相,还得买“二手房”;贵为枢密副使,也要租房度日;退休离职,不仅搬出官舍,连一张床也不能带走??完颜绍元著、中共中央党校出版社出版的《轻松为官:破解千年隐蔽秩序》一书,告诉您古代官员是如何解决房子问题的。
异地任官,国家提供住房
“官舍”,就是官吏的住所,因为常与官衙连在一起,如今曰之“机关大院”,所以有时也兼容办公场所的涵义。若用现代语汇表述,大抵就是机关住房的意思,因其不仅所有权一般都姓“官”,即属于国家资产,而且往往还特定属于某官署即某一个机关。
自秦汉起,各级官员均由国家任命,无论是各地贤能被征辟或举荐到中央当官,或原在京畿居住者被外放到各地当官,大多存在有异地仕宦解决住所的需要。因此,由国家向赴任官员提供住房,大约也就在秦汉之际逐渐趋向制度化。
《汉书》卷三十九记曹参封爵列侯,食邑平阳,但本人先后在齐国和中央任相,其长安的“相舍后园近吏舍,吏舍日饮歌呼”云云。此“相
舍”与“吏舍”,就是相国住宅和吏员宿舍的同义语,当由国家提供。汉高祖刘邦向全国发布《同安辑令》说:凡为列侯食邑者,都给印绶佩带,赐给宏敞的住宅;俸禄达到二千石级别的将吏,就可迁居长安,赐给次一等的住宅。这当然是开国时期优待功臣的一种措施。
再看《汉书》卷九十三记,侍中董贤为邀汉哀帝宠信,休假日亦不肯回家与老婆团聚,于是哀帝特许董贤的妻子搬进他在宫中的住所,“若吏妻子居官寺舍”。根据这一条史料,可知至迟到西汉后期,官吏家属可以随居机关住房(官寺舍),已经是普遍现象了。《宋书》卷四十一记宋武帝生于“丹徒官舍”,其父刘翘时任晋陵郡功曹;《宋史?孝宗纪》记宋孝宗“生于秀州青杉之官舍”,其父赵子时在秀州居官;《成都文类》记司马光生于郫县官廨,其父时任该县县尉。《曲洧旧闻》卷三记,欧阳修也是其父亲任绵州司户参军时“生于司户官舍”的,后人还把这个住宅改为“六一堂”(欧阳修号六一居士),以志纪念。
住房是一种待遇
居住官舍不仅是一项福利,也是一种政治待遇。《事实类苑》卷十一记,北宋名相寇准受政敌迫害,被贬为衡州司马。衡州府向来不给这种徒有虚名、实受监管者分配住房,“百姓闻之,竞荷瓦木,不督而会,公宇立成”。眼看其在民众中威望如此之高,政敌又赶快把他迁到雷州,并终于达到令他郁愤而卒的目的。
苏东坡的弟弟苏辙也曾被政敌章惇贬到雷州,“不许居官舍,遂僦民屋”。章惇得知,严令州府究治胆敢借房给管制分子居住的民众。后来章惇也被贬到雷州,碰巧亦向这个人求租房子,对方心有余悸地答复他: “前苏公来,章丞相几破我家,今不可也。”(《宾退录》卷八)此为政治斗争之激烈在住房问题上的反映,也说明虽然称官,却并非人人都可住官舍的。
办公住家一体化
官舍如此“尊严”,在一定程度上与它的位置有关系。自秦汉以来,凡州郡府县各级地方政府之主要首长和佐贰官员的生活区域,照例都是圈定在各自的衙署即机关大院以内的,俗称“内衙”或“私宅”等,并用屋宇式的宅门同以大堂为中心的办公区域划出界线。宋人孔平仲《珩璜新论》卷四: “或以衙为廨舍??儿子谓之衙内”,因知古人常将“衙内”作为官府子弟的代称,就是以他们这种特殊的居住条件为依据的。
《温公诗话》记北宋鲍当任河南府法曹时,河南知府“薛(映)尝暑月访其廨舍,(鲍)当方露顶,狼狈入,易服把板而出”。是说像鲍当这种处长一级(曹官)的官员,也有坐落在衙署内的住宅。因为是私人生活空间,又值盛夏季节,所以没戴官帽,恐怕还是半赤膊状态,所以当上司突然来访时显得很狼狈。
而像上述寇准、苏辙这些人在当时的境遇,虽然名义上的级别比鲍的曹官还高一些(司马为知府的佐官),但实际上是到此接受管制的。所以,无缘住在“内衙”。反之,也有主动放弃这种荣耀的,如东晋罗含任州府别驾,“以廨舍喧扰,于城西池小洲上立茅屋,织苇为席而居”(《晋书》卷九十二)。此人名列《文苑传》,看来是希望在业余时间有一个可以读书写作的安静环境。
官多房少,亟需改革
地方官连同随任家属免费享用机关住房的传统,一直维持到清朝覆灭。相反,京朝官的住房问题,却经历了较多的变化。前文说过,两汉时官员多居机关大院,东汉王充《论衡?诘术篇》称: “府廷之内,吏舍比属”,足见规模之大。《后汉书》卷六十四记赵岐的祖父官任御史,故其“生于御史台,因字台卿”,又可知同居的家属中,甚至包括成年的儿子媳妇。
但是,随着国家中央集权管理职能的日趋完善甚至繁复化,京朝机构及供职人数也在不断增加。据《文献通考》卷四十七提供的统计,汉晋时全国官员总数仅七千人左右,隋朝重新统一后达一万二千五百七十六人,唐朝更增至一万八千八百零五人,其中供职京师者就有二千六百二十人。假如仍沿袭两汉时大包干的办法,则不仅“京师百司”之机关用房要发生危机,亦将无法正常发挥衙署的办公职能,因为办公区内除了这二千六百二十员京朝官外,还得加上数倍于此的吏胥、杂役和卫士,而在生活区内居住的又不止是他们的家属,再要将侍候
这一大家子的小丫环老妈子也算进去。闭起眼睛想像一下,这还成官署吗,
《后汉书》卷二十七记,张湛官拜太中大夫,“称疾不朝,居中东门候舍”。张湛以秩二千石的高级官员,不住官舍而自降住房标准,搬到候舍去,其表面理由是请长病假不理事,所以不该居住官舍。但进一层推度,则应是京师官舍紧张,不如自己识相。
总之,随着中央官制的不断扩张,京朝官住房办法的改革,势在必行。
建房、买房,居住形式多元化
对于大多数京朝官而言,衙与舍的分开就意味着向携眷免费居住官舍之传统告别,居住形式的多元化由此呈现。像柳宗元出生在长安祖屋而自有老窝可居,当然再方便不过。若甘愿打光棍,则官署里仍有单身宿舍可住。《唐语林》记“赵历祠部郎,同舍多以祠曹为目”,此“同舍”即含有同住一个宿舍的意思。
如果定要拖上老婆儿女一大家子,而在京师又无祖业,那就必须别作选择了。一种是买地建房或直接套购现成的公馆,如左丞相张说在永
乐坊的豪宅,就是因风水先生怂恿而买下的“二手房”。假如经济条件困难,便只能陋室将就了。唐玄宗时副宰相卢怀慎请长病假,同僚宋、卢从愿等去他家探病,但见“器用屋宇,皆极俭陋”,堂堂副相“卧于弊箦单席,门无帘箔,每风雨至,则以席蔽焉”(《明皇杂录》)。
和卢怀慎同时任相的姚崇,居住条件与之半斤八两,《旧唐书》卷一二四称“(姚)崇第赊僻,因近舍客庐”。大概是因中心地段房价太贵,所以住所买在偏远的地方,为上下班方便,又在皇城附近的旅馆里包了一间,终因起居失调而“病店”。玄宗得知真相后,“诏徙寓四方馆”,就是在专门接待周边少数民族和外邦使节的涉外高级宾馆里,为他开一间套房,以方便妻孥同住照顾。但“(姚)崇以馆局华大,不敢居”。《长安志》介绍唐都城名人居所时,谓兴宁坊有姚崇宅,“屋宇并官所造”。看来,最终还是唐玄宗让政府出钱,在中心地段新盖了一所让姚相自认为是合适的住宅,从此避免了挤旅馆的苦恼。
退休离任,必须搬出官舍
“屋宇并官所造”,其性质自然是“官舍”了。若从所有制关系上考察,分布在长安居民区里的京朝官住宅中,还有不少与之同类的情况,就是皇帝为表示对大臣关怀,特赐一部分高级官员携眷入住产业属国有的宅第,一般情况下又随居者的调任、贬谪或告老还乡而收回。《大唐新语》卷三记,玄宗即位不久,老宰相李日知自请退休,一旦获准,“及还饰袋,将出居别业”,就是马上退还官舍,搬进其他房子。
当然,以“赐第”形式化官为私的也有,不过因改朝换代或获罪受处等原因,亦难保永业。如安禄山得志时,玄宗曾“敕于亲仁坊南街造宅堂”,送给他进京朝见时居住。等他垮台了,房子也就没收了。
宰执大臣皆僦屋而居
唐朝一般不为京官提供免费住房的做法,基本上为以后历朝所继承,其中尤以宋朝最“悭”。自京都到各地州府,都设有楼店务(后改名店宅务)作为主管国有房产和邸店的行政部门,负责出租及修造事宜,相当于近世的房管局。官员在京都任职而又无私第的,皆僦屋而居,虽宰执大臣亦然。屡从太祖、太宗出征的老将刘福“既贵,诸子尝劝起大第。福怒曰:‘我受禄厚,足以僦舍以庇??’”结果等他死后,子孙们竟无私宅可居(《宋史》卷二七五)。杨砺官居枢密副使,照样借住楼店务的房子,死后,宋真宗登门悼念,才发现其“僦舍委巷中,乘舆不能进”(《宋史》卷二八七)。
然而,不向京朝官提供住宅的制度,虽然能节省支出,但工作上的不便仍很多。叶梦得《石林诗话》:“京师职事官,旧皆无公廨,虽宰相执政亦僦舍而居。每遇出省,或有中批外奏急速文字,则省吏遍持于私第呈押。”就是说,有时候他们已下班出省,各自回家了。忽然有紧急公文需要办理,按制度还得军政两府(即宰府、枢密院)的首长
连署才能生效,只好由吏员拿着公文一家一家去请各位领导画押,“既稽缓,又多漏泄”。于是,“元丰初,始建东西府于右掖门之前,每府相对四位,俗谓之八位”。因知从宋神宗元丰时起,两府首长才有了建在皇城区的官邸。
不过,能免费住进“两府八位”的毕竟没有几个,中下级官员还得“僦舍而居”。所以,先后在刑部、吏部等部司供职的江休复曾抱怨说: “望月初请料钱(即月薪),觉日月长; 到月终供房钱,觉日月短”(《江邻幾杂志》),可知房租是按月缴纳的,对比收入,“恩格尔系数”也不低。而且在《宋史?食贷志》等载籍里,还不时见到有关“楼店务增三分房钱“的争论。
买断产权,造福员工
元朝的情形和北宋相似,起码大多数汉族官员在住房方面的待遇是这样。名臣宋本出生在大都,自进士及第后,从翰林修撰累升至礼部尚书,原有的私宅因家贫被父亲卖掉了,本人“历仕通显,犹僦屋以居”(《元史》卷一八二)。
明代大体因袭其旧,但又有新的动向,就是不少部司自己盖房或买房。如当时制度规定,每个京官都可依品秩高低,使用若干名皂役做杂务,亦可不用而将皂役的工食银折算归己。《玉堂丛语》卷二记,谢铎任南京国子监祭酒时,把这些钱全积攥起来,“买官廨三十余区,居学
官以省僦值”。就是把原先国家租借给学官们的住宅一次性买断,使其所有权关系从国有变为机关所有,专供在本机关任职者居住,不必再另付房钱。仔细推敲起来,用来买断产权的这些工食银,原来该按月分给各人的,谢铎的这一做法,从长远看是为后人办好事,从眼前看却是让现任者吃亏了,因为房子属机关所有,一旦调任或退休,还得退还。
相比之下,以礼部右侍郎兼北京国子监祭酒的林瀚,其做法更令人服帖。《明史》卷一六三称,林瀚“典国学垂十年,馔银岁以百数计,悉贮之官,以次营立署舍。师儒免僦居,由(林)瀚始”。就是捐出自己的十年收入为机关盖住房,为众人谋福利。
这两条资料,还透露出一点信息,就是同样为两都的京朝官,若在国立中央大学任职,因别无“外快”收入,经济上更困难,仅交付一家人的房租也是不可小看的负担。
不得带走任何公家用品
住房以外,官吏住所内的一应家具杂物亦由机关按入住者的身份提供。以明代淳安县署为个案,据《海瑞集?兴革条例》载,知县的家具杂用有六十三种二百余件,县丞、主簿等有六十种,典史仅十九种。洪武时,黄州府有个同知安贞,因“擅造公宇器用”,被部下吏员向按察司检举,按察司又向中央汇报。朱元璋得知后,为安贞开脱,说是:“房宇器用都是公家的,安贞若另迁他官,一样也带不走”。(《典
故纪闻》卷四)据此可知,官员调任或退休时,所有家具杂用,都要按清单归还。
《萍洲可谈》述,王安石从出判江宁府任上自请退休,夫人吴氏把官舍里一张躺习惯的藤床带回了家。未几,“郡吏来索,左右莫敢言”,只好悄悄地向老爷汇报。王安石知道吴夫人“好洁成癖”,自己则以邋遢与她“每不相合”,于是“跣足登床,偃卧良久。吴(夫人)望见,即命送还”。由此可知,官员搬出公房时不得带走任何公家用品,也是历代的规矩,即使贵为宰相,亦不得违反。
作文四:《我家的房子作文 我家的房子》1100字
我家的房子作文 我家的房子
我家的房子 即使是步入小康社会的农村,仍然有不少的红砖瓦房,也有的房顶不是红瓦而是黑瓦的,我家的就是黑瓦。
那已经不是专一的黑色,而是有些发青,瓦间长着一片片的青苔,本来房子已经很老了,这样一来,更让人有一种封建旧社会的感觉。由于房顶厚重,夏天的时候,屋内还是比较凉快的,即使是没有空调,在最热的天气里,吊一架电风扇也就够了,这点让钻在在密不透风的楼房里的人们所艳羡,也是我喜爱它,不愿搬走的原因。其实如果住着这样的房子,周围是一定不能少了花草树木的,一来可以起到装饰的作用,房子不会光秃秃的显得单调,二来也是最重要的一点,高大茂密的枝叶可以起到很好的“防晒隔离”作用,所幸我家院子里至少有不下五棵树,有粗壮的,也有刚长二三年的,我妈又是个喜欢种瓜栽豆的人,墙上爬着密密麻麻的豆架,放眼一望,满眼底的绿,满院的生机与希望,而年代久远的老房子则安静的坐落在层层树影后面,为众多枝叶所掩映,乍一看,真有几分淡雅与神秘。
这样的房子也是有其不足之处的,例如狭窄拥挤,家居摆设总不能整齐大方,锅碗瓢盆总是挤在一起,屋子里更放不下大物件,倘或遇到下雨天,就更为糟糕,闷热潮湿的气氛先不说,地面上泥水践踏一片,并且更让我不舒服的是,在我吃饭或喝水的时候,头顶上猛然掉下一块东西,落在碗里,定睛一看,原来是泥土,但也已经污染了东西,于是这种时候我会生气,甚至想立
刻搬进新房子里,但次数多了,也就习惯了。类似这样种种的小问题,并不能消减我对老房子的特殊感情,在那片绿荫下,曾留下我们一家人围坐在树下乘凉说笑的回忆;在那丛豆架前,曾留下母亲辛勤劳作的热忱希望。
我无论如何也不能忘记这些,叫我怎能忘记,这陪伴了我二十年、这么善良可爱的老房子。
高二:魏薇
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作文五:《神奇的房子作文》2300字
篇一:神奇的房子
光阴似箭,日月如梭,转眼间我们已经跨入了充满高科技的世纪。这一个世纪是神奇的世纪,许多科学家发明的东西使人赞叹不已。我脑海里顿时有想象出了这样的一座神奇的房子……
高科技世纪的房子,不再会是使人觉得干燥和乏味了。它装有着特殊、神奇的功能,一定会使你大吃一惊!
这房子做的材料全都是玻璃,不过这可是一种特殊的玻璃。这种玻璃摔不破,更妙的是,房子全装上这种玻璃后,就能观察外面的动静。这时,大家一定会问:“里面能看到外面,外面也不是能看到里面了吗?”别急,听我慢慢说吧。如果你站在外面,看起来只是一座简陋的小房子罢了,看不到里面。在里面可就不同了,就像在一个仙境里似的,美极了。
还有,每当到了吃饭的时候。房子内的自动装备就摆上了热腾腾的饭菜,让人垂涏三尺。房子内装有声控器和心理探测仪。你想要什么,房子就尽量满足你的要求。房子的颜色还能根据人的心情发生变化,玻璃墙内还能把室外被污染了的空气经过过滤,排放入室内。这时,你就能闻到新鲜的空气了,会有一种身临于大自然中的感觉。
这座房子有两层,却没有楼梯。你想上二楼看看吗?想上去很简单。你只要在墙上轻轻地敲几下,就会有一束光从天花板照到你身上,然后就用一股强大的力量把你吸入二楼。二楼是书房和卧室。书房能看电影,而且电影也很神奇。你看,电影中的小朋友们在玩水,你泼我,我泼你,我泼你。水也好像泼到我身上似的,凉凉地。当时就好像身临其境的感觉。
我认为,单靠想象是不行的,要在不久的将来,我要发明出这个神奇的房子。
篇二:神奇的房子
有一天,我梦想我来到了未来世界里。
这里路旁绿树成荫,这里的房子五颜六色,房顶上的花纹是紫色的,表面是按红,黄,蓝,绿的方格涂颜色的,可漂亮了。这房子上有一个按钮,只要按一下外面的颜色就会像变色龙一样变颜色,就不用刷墙了。
这里的房子底下还有两个轮子,如果你现在在美国想到中国只要对着房子说:“到中国。”房子就会自动开起来,一眨眼的时间就到中国了,你说快不快,只要打开窗户,窗户前面就会出现一个望远镜,想看哪个地方的风景都看得见。
地震的时候,只要说一声防地震,房外就会出现很厚的铁抵挡地震,就不怕地震把房屋震塌了。
我去吃早饭了,心思还在那新奇的未来世界里,心想:要是我是未来世界里的人就好了。
篇三:神奇房子
日有所思,夜有所梦。我家住宅学校宿舍,一年四季,一天24小时,倍受一墙之隔茶厂“轰隆隆”等噪音污染。我家梦想——住进安静新房屋。
晚上,我梦见自己闭门造车,坐在办公室电脑前面,专心致志设计房屋图纸,一次次撕毁房屋设计图纸,又一次次重新构思房屋设计图纸。最终我设计出世界一流,令人们神往的神奇房子,她最豪华、最结实,好象如意金箍棒,应用遥控器控制:遥控器屏幕有一幅世界地图,用手指按哪里,房子就飞到那个地区。
世界房屋设计比赛现场,各国房屋设计各有千秋。我设计出世界一流,令人们神往的神奇房子特别引人注目,我把评委主席领进房屋,评委主席手指按到北京,房子就象飞机起飞,飞到北京;把手指按到美国华盛顿,房子就象飞机起飞,飞到华盛顿;把手指按到太平洋,房子就象飞机起飞,飞到太平洋,象浮子漂浮海面;把手指按到太空月球,房屋好象飞船登陆月球。
环球太空旅游以后,评委主席健步走出房屋,庄严宣告:中国设计大师李花宫设计房屋功能独占鳌头:1用太阳能冬天温暖夏天凉爽,99.9%环境保护;2应用高科技,防火防水防震;3房屋体积空间放大缩小如意,珍爱土地资源;4海洋、陆地、太空自由移动,操作简便,世界房屋设计比赛金牌获得者——李花宫。
我喜出望外,拿世界房屋设计比赛金牌,把手指按到平溪,房子就象飞机起飞,飞到平溪上空,我从屏幕上面,看见准备迎接凯旋回归我的爷爷、奶奶、爸爸、妈妈等亲人。突然,房屋出现故障,我从天空房子摔下来.“
哎哟,我的屁股摔得好痛啊!”原来,我滚下床。
篇四:神奇的房子
我设计了一种神奇的多功能房子。
这种房子它能大能小。门外的走廊上有个按钮,只要你一出门,走过走廊,踩上了那个按钮,房子就会变成一个跟墨水瓶大小一样的盒子,你把它装进口袋里,可以防盗,当你要进屋时,按一下盒子上面的红色按钮,它又会变成一个能住人的房子。
它不仅可以变大变小,还能变成车,船,飞机,潜水艇!如果你一家去旅游,就可以变成车或飞机;如果是在海上,还可以把它变成船或潜水艇欣赏海里的风景。
这房子的内部也很神奇呢!当你下班进这个房子时,这个大门早已猜透了你的心思。如果你又累又热又渴,你坐到沙发上的时候,大门已经向沙发发输送了信息,沙发就会从背后伸出两只机器手。一只手帮你扇风,一只手给你送水。
这个房子的墙壁既能吸收二氧化碳。又能放出氧气,使房子里的空气跟大自然的空气一样清新。
篇五:神奇的房子
我想发明一种神奇的房子。它物美价廉,用法也十分方便。
它还拥有许多神奇的功能:夏天时很热,你只要按一下蓝色的按钮,冷气就会从屋顶的小孔出来;冬天时很冷,你按一下红色的按钮,暖气就会出来了。吃饭时间到了,按黄色的按钮,房子就会自动做出可口的饭菜,让你饱餐一顿。晚上,按白色的按钮,房子会亮出明亮的灯光。房门只有用密码才能打开。所以,没有密码是不能打开的!如果有暴风雨或台风的话,它就会响起警报,让我们采取防范措施。这房子还可以防特大地震呢!
这就是我想发明的房子。
篇六:神奇房子
我想研制一种房子,这种房子的墙是用特殊材料制成的,这种墙在夏天吸收热气,等到冬天时释放出来,在寒冷时它吸收冷气,等到炎热的时候再放出来,让住在这种房
作文六:《作文:我家的房子》800字
在我们的生活中,每一个人都有自己的家。家有很多种:有破旧的,有豪华的,有古老的……我的家虽然不是很豪华,但对我来说,我的家是很温馨的。
我家住在汕尾市城区通港路一条小巷里的一栋楼。那栋楼装修不错,一层有两个窗户,一共有6层,第6层是阳台。那栋楼是用砖头、水泥等建筑材料做成的。
我家三房二厅一卫,面积有120多平方米。 ? ?小 荷 作文网
来到我家,映入眼帘的是客厅。有些沙发摆放在大门的旁边,有些摆放在大门的右边,虽然不是很豪华。坐在沙发上,你会看到精彩既有趣的液晶电视。沙发前,你会看到茶桌。是用来招待客人的桌子。上面一层是玻璃的,一共有两层。你就可以品尝到我妈妈沏给你的茶。沙发旁,你会看到一张跟用来招待客人桌子差不多一样的。它不是用来招待客人的,而是来摆放东西的。液晶电视上有一个中国结,是用来装饰客厅的。
你会发现,客厅旁有几间房子,一间是我和姐姐住的,一间是我爸妈住的,一间本来是我奶奶住。
大门的左边,是我家的餐厅和厨房。餐桌有点古老,很像瓷的样子。厨房和餐厅是连在一起的。餐桌旁有一个通道,是阳台和厕所。
我的房间,其实也不是很大。里面有两张床。我和我姐姐一人一张,里面有我们最喜欢的书桌,因为我们在那可以自由自在的学习。里面还有一个小阳台,夏天的时候,我们就可以坐在那乘凉,心情不好的时候,我们可以在那看看风景。以前就有我们的笔记本电脑,现在就没有了,放在爸妈的房间里了。爸爸怕我们影响学习。还有我们的书柜,一共有两个,是木做的。还有衣柜。里面还有个小电视,休闲的时候就可以娱乐一下了。
我家的墙是白刷的,并没有精致地刻花纹。虽然我家并不那么漂亮,但是我家很温馨。有什么事情大家一起分享,不开心的事情大家一起分担。有爸爸妈妈的关心、爱护和疼爱,和妹妹一起玩,一起吵架。和姐姐一起聊天。和奶奶出去拜神……我并不稀罕家有多么的豪华,我只要一家人开开心心地在一起,平平安安的,很温暖、很温馨,那样我就满足了……
作文七:《未来的房子作文,》600字
未来的房子作文,
老师,党在我心中,《我有一个梦想》演讲稿,我身边的小未来的房子作文, 不久,一个红球即从大洋里冉冉跳出,那水天相连的地方顿时成了一片熊熊的火海。未来的房子作文, 最早出现的启明星,在这深蓝色的天幕上闪烁起来了。它是那么大,那么亮,整个广漠的天幕上只有它一个在那里放射着令人注目的光辉,像一盏悬挂在高空的明灯。青蛙碧绿的身体上布满了墨绿色的斑点,白白的大肚子像是充过了气,一鼓一鼓的。三唑仑片三唑仑 苍穹的雨,一丝一丝地飘着,像满天飞舞的细沙;为大地绿物,带来一份希望,滋润在叶梢,也为河塘的水鸭,带来一股愉悦的情趣,觅寻着秋的奥秘。靠近东窗,坐着一个年轻的解放军战士。被汗水浸透了洗得发白的军衣,紧裹着他那健壮而匀称的身躯。他那白中透红的清秀的面孔,像涂了油彩似的闪闪发光。两条漆黑的、细长的眉毛,有力地向上扬,将到顶端时,才弯成形。一双像熟透了的葡萄一样又黑又大的眼睛,机灵地、警觉地扫视着充满汗味和传出鼾声的车厢。他的右手,很自然地伸到衣襟下面,汗湿的手掌,轻轻握着腰间的小手枪。想》演讲稿,我身边的小能人, 整个城市像烧透了的砖窑,使人喘不过气来。狗趴在地上吐出鲜红的舌头,骡马的鼻孔张得特别大。妈妈中等身材,梳着短发,穿着一身套装。一双浓黑的眉毛下,有一双炯炯有神的大眼睛。平时,她的嘴角上总是带着甜蜜的微笑。 墨蓝色的天空中挂着许多小星星,它们仿佛刚刚从银河里洗过澡似的,亮晶晶的。
作文八:《作文;未来的房子》1200字
作文;未来的房子
(“128815”);未来的房子
未来的房子
今年是2207年,以前的房子都是稻草房,后来又建起了砖房,现在的房子可是多功能房。
如果你想去月球,它就会变成火箭带你到月球去玩,如果你想去天空,它就会变成飞机带你去天空,如果你想去郊游,它就会变成气车带你去郊游,如果你想去大海,它就会变成游船带你去海上,如果你想去海里,它就会变成潜水艇带你去海里看鱼儿。
它的门是电脑控制的,坏人绝对进不来。客厅右边的墙上有一个购物超市,像一幅画。你们也许会感到奇怪,购物超市怎么可能这么小呢,实话告诉你们,这可不是一般的购稀超市,你想要什么,只要你把钱放进旁边的洞口,机器人就会把你想要的东西送到你家。对了,主人的房间会随主人的心情变化而变化,如果你想要喝饮料,那么饮水机里就会流出饮料,如果你想喝茶水,那么饮水机里就会流出茶水,如果你想喝牛奶,那么饮水机就会流出牛奶,总,你想喝什么,它就会流出什么。房子还会变大变小,如果你要和朋友聚会,它就会变大,如果你想要踢足球,它就会变小,让出一片空间来让你踢足球。床也会变大变小,如果家里来客人要在家里过夜,床就会变大,如果只有一个人在家,床就会变小。对了,还有一种笔,也叫彩色笔,只不过它有好多种颜色,你只要告诉它你要什么颜色,它就会变成一种颜色。橡皮擦
无论铅笔、钢笔、水彩笔、油画棒等,都能擦掉。如果你跳绳,记不清跳了几下,就可以看看上面写着的是#from本文来自学优网://.gkstk.end#几下,现在的房子不需要避雷针,它自己就有避雷设备。
你说我的多功能房子好不好,有意购买,请马上与我联系,居住在我的多功能房子里,会让你幸福快乐永相伴。
集?=? ? ? P?i8?d?互相学习,互相关爱,共同成长。人人都需要别人的赞扬,但并不是人人都有会去赞扬别人。没有爱心的人,整日为自己的得失斤斤计较,不会去关心别人的感受,更不会去赞扬别人。学会赞扬,你也会获得珍贵的友谊和幸福的人生。
最后一个单元是生活教育,讲了只要会利用,缺陷也会变成有利的条件,关键是我们应采取什么样的生活态度和方法。命运给我们的暗示也许正是这样:你认为你是什么样的人,就会成为什么样的人,相信自己行,才会我能行。人生本来是一次艰难的航行,潮起潮落,决不会一帆风顺,惟有那些勇往直前、不轻言放弃的人方能驶向胜利的彼岸。我不懂得了友谊的温暖`就是一块培养基,幸福就在培养基中生长得枝繁叶茂。谁赶走了友谊,谁就生活在没有太阳的空间里。我们要学会分享,分享是一种快乐,分享是一份幸福,懂得分享的人,一定是幸福的。
《三生教育》带领了我们全方位体验全命,全存和生活,使我受益菲浅,懂得了许多人生中必备的知识。生命教育是基础前提,
生存教育是发展关键,生活教育是终极目标。让我们为了明天更加健康的生命之花,更加和谐的生存环境,更加美好的幸福生活而共同努力。
四(4)班:苗译文
作文九:《[作文]奇特的房子》300字
今天,我看了一座座非常奇特的房子,这几座奇特的房子建造的位置不同形状也不同。有的建造在树和岩石上;有的建造在一座像牙齿型的大山上;有的建造在坚硬的石头上;甚至建造在一座雪白雪白的冰岛里;有的建造在山和山的山缝之间;有的建造在巨大的台阶上;有的建造在一棵饱经风霜的高大的树上……
其中,我最喜欢的是坐落在凛冽寒风里,威严冰山中的一座冰房。它的设计奇特,完全融入于那座威严的冰山之中,与周边的环境完美的的相融合,真正体现了我华族5000年来天人合一的艺术追求。
看了这些奇特的房子后我情不自禁的暗暗赞叹工程师们和创造者,如果没有工程师高超的建造技艺,我们也无法看到或住到这些温暖而又舒适,奇特的房子。如果一个民族没有人创新那这个民族将无法进步无法发展,就会使这个民族落后于别的民族。精彩内容,尽在百度攻略:://gl.baidu.
那在日常生活中我也要多留意身边的事物,多多创新。
作文十:《未来的房子作文》3100字
未来的房子
我乘坐时间快车, 穿过时间隧道,来到了未来的世界。我走进自 己的房子里。一看,惊呆了!我的家具以及电器都飘到房子里,这可 真是太好了!因为这样我就可以有足够的空间在家里尽情地玩耍了。 “哦。 ”我困了,可床还在上面,怎么办?别着急我只要按一下 红色的地板就行了。待我上去以后,床的旁边有一个键盘。我按了电 视按扭, “咔” 、 “咔”电视打开了,现在再也不需要遥控器了,只需 要说出什么类型的电视节目或频道就可以了,这样很轻松吧!
第二天早上, 我从甜蜜的美梦中醒来, 经过一夜的休息真是舒服 极了。但我的肚子开始叫了,需要吃早餐了。于是我走到厨房里,拿 起魔法棒对桌子指了一下, 说起咒语。 桌子上立即出现了一桌好点心:蛋糕、鸡蛋、汉堡包、卷子、包子。我开心的把这些东西吃光后,就 满意的离开了。
上午,我正在家里看电视,突然听见了门铃声。正打算去开门, 但老师说过不能随便给陌生人开门, 以防他是坏人。 不过我也用不着 急,只要打开红色的镜片(它是房子里的一种设备) ,往门上一照, 看到是我的老同学,这才放心地打开门??
啊, 未来的房子是多么美妙, 多么稀奇, 真希望这个愿望是真的。 如果我们现在好好学习, 自己的梦想一定能够实现。 将来我定会用自 己的双手创造出更加美好,更加灿烂文明的社会
未来的汽车
现在是 2080年, 我成了一名发明家, 发明一辆多功能 “ 环保汽车 ” 。 这辆汽车拥有最高科技的安全保护系统。 它有障碍物自动感应功 能,只要前方三十米之内有障碍物,它就会发出警报,所以人们以后 再也不用担心会撞车。
另外,这辆车是用太阳能来驱动的,不用担心石油涨价,也不会 担心能源枯竭。 如果你晚上你需要出去, 你也不用怕没有太阳光就不 能发动了,只要有光就能发动。
还有,这辆汽车是可以在水、陆、空行驶的。这辆汽车在空中行 驶的时候是把藏在车顶盖上的那一对翅膀展开飞行。 如果你想下海的 话,这辆汽车就会把轮子和翅膀收起来,后面的一个螺旋浆,就会开 启,让你在水上遨游。
这辆汽车还有一个特别的功能,就是语音操纵。包括汽车的水、 陆、空功能,都是用语音来操纵的,你只要说出你要去的地方,它就 会分析出最佳路线,自动行驶,车上的人尽管放心,就算司机是盲人 或在车上睡觉,也不影响汽车的正常行驶。
这就是我发明的未来的汽车。
未来的汽车
未来的汽车可神奇啦! 它的弹性极强, 即使有吨的重物压在它身 上, 他也会把重物弹开的。 这样, 车内的驾驶员就不会受到任何伤害。 未来的汽车还拥有一个特异功能:变形。你可注意了,我说的变 形是指像 变形金刚那样真正的变形。这样,万一遇到什么危险,汽车 可以成为变形金刚,抵御危险。不但让司机过足了驾驶,变形金刚的 瘾,还可以抵御危险,真是一举两得。
未来的汽车车头还装有一个大炮 …… 哎哎哎,你这么着急去公安 局报警干吗?这门大炮射出来的不是炮弹, 而是麻醉针。 麻醉针射到 人身上,会使人昏迷。这就不必说了。令人拍案叫绝的是这种麻醉针 射到机器上面,机器也会停止运!因为这种麻醉针射到机器上面,麻 醉针会放出一种病毒,这种病毒会自动寻找控制机器的机械,然后, 这种病毒会侵入机器的电脑主板, 使电脑停止运。 接收不到任何指令, 极其自然就停止运啦。说来慢,但实际上也就是一两秒的功夫,机器 就停止运了。
如果你走进了未来的汽车, 你会发现车内并没有安全带! 不用担 心, 当你坐到座位上时, 你会发现, 自己的身体穿上了一副机械装甲! 这样,驾驶员的生命安全就得到了保障。
未来的汽车还可以自由地变大变小。 当你没有存车的地方时, 可 以把它变小,放在口袋里。这样,你就不用担心车库的问题啦。 未来的汽车最为奇妙的就是外表看起来和其他汽车一模一样, 没 什么不同, 但它实际上的内部空间比外表大十倍左右。 但它占的空间 还是和外表一样!作文
未来的汽车怎么样?你喜欢吗?
未来的学校
未来的学校作文二十几年世事沧桑, 我努力学习, 终于成为了世 界著名的一位科学家, 可我时刻都在想我那美丽的母校, 我想用我聪 明的头脑和能干的助手杰克, 为母校改造一番, 使母校成为世界著名 的综合学校。
经过一个月的努力, 更加美丽的母校展现在我的面前。 下面我带 你参观一下现在的母校吧。现在,我的母校不光有小学,还有中学、 大学、幼儿园、各类体育、艺术学校,应有尽有。在学校,所有的学 生都免费送一个飞行超能扫把, 这种扫把可以让你像鸟儿一样在蓝天 上飞翔。 走进学校大门会有一个个飞碟来接你, 一个飞碟可以坐上百 人,只要你输入密码就可以了。学校教室非常大,没有书,没有任何
作业本, 因为只要点一下桌子上的按钮就可以看到作业本了。 这样就 可以不用背书包了。
学校的休息场所有许许多多的地方。 例如:学校左边从林荫道过 去有一个风景如画的小公园,这里有小湖,树林,游乐场等等……还 有, 假如夏天太热了, 你看见了操场中间那个水晶喷泉了吗?你可以 穿过喷泉,里面很凉快,比开了空调还舒服。里面还有许多吊床,下 课了你可以躺在上面休息, 还可以喝带有花香味的露水, 那可真是太 好了……
“起床了, 快起床! ” 我从梦中醒来, 唉, 原来是个梦呀, 我想, 虽然这是个梦,但只要我好好学习,努力加油,未来的学校是一定会 实现的。
未来的学校
未来是美丽的,未来的大树枝繁叶茂,高大挺拔,有红色、粉色 和白色,红的像火,粉的像霞,白的像雪。未来的花将比树还高,它 们都是由金宝石组成的。啊!多美呀!
走进未来的学校, 是一个用一种夹丝玻璃建造的,是圆形的。这 里只有三个老师,一个是校长,一个是控制室的控制员,还有一个就 是这里唯一的一个老师了。 党校里全都是电脑和机器人, 控制员是控
制机器人的,还有那些机器人是和同学们一起玩、学习的。机器人是 他们的老师。同学们在电脑上可以听到机器人老师给同学们在讲课。 这里还有实验室、游艺室等等,一共有一千多间。每间的墙上都挂着 画,美丽极了。校园中最多的就数花、草、树、木和鱼了。这里的树 成山、花成房,草更是多得很呀!小鱼在河里游,河里的水清澈、鲜 洁,游鱼,水藻都可以看得清清楚楚。最里面还有一个瀑布,从20 0多米高空的山上流下来,美丽极了。同学们还能去小树林里上课。 那里一到冬天是最美的,是一个白色的世界,花谢了、草黄了、 树像是一位圣诞老人, 为小朋友送来礼物。 学校的实验室里可热闹了! 同学们每人都在研究雪花的样子和形状。
未来的学校真美啊! 不但给孩子们一个好的学习环境, 还能让他 们开阔思维。多好的学校啊!
未来的学校
未来的学校今天我在梦里参观了一个非常奇特的学校, 那里都是 现代化的设备。
我首先来到学校的门口,那个大门可真特别,我刚走到门口,那 个大门就自动打开了。 原来门卫员机器人把每个学生的长相和在学校 工作的人员长相都输入在大门左边的微型电脑里了, 电脑如果认识我, 它便自动把门打开,如果有陌生人要进入,大门会发出报警声,通知 巡逻的机器人。进了大门,我看见里面全是教学楼,甚至没有操场, 单杠和双杠,那些东西都在天上呢!一下课同学们跑出教室,电梯会 带你到天上的操场上去玩。那里有各种好玩的东西如:单杠和双杠, 秋千、跑步机等,应有尽有。为了保证学生的安全,这些东西的外面 都包着一层海绵, 这个操场也是在云朵上建成的。 上课了电梯会带你 回到教室里。教室里更奇特了,每个学生都有一台电脑,可以从电脑 上学习知识, 如果有不明白的地方用无线电与老师通话。 教室的墙壁 会根据学生的情绪而变化。 如果你过于紧张, 墙壁会变成粉红色调节 紧张的情绪;如果下课了墙壁会成绿色,缓解一下心情。这样的学校 多好呀 .
我想在以后的日子里,这样的学校不再是梦。
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