一、“功能段落”突破CET写作。
“To be or not to be: that is a question.”莎士比亚如是说。冲刺阶段,背模板还是不背?我的答案:背,但绝不是盲目的背。
整篇背诵模板不是最有效的方法,因为模板的写作思路是固定的,然而很多时候试题的命题思路可能与所背模板思路不同。因此,可能导致“所背非所考”,甚至导致文不对题,生搬硬套。
但是,无论英语四六级写作话题如何变化,一般都对应三个或两个汉语提纲。只要按提纲要求去写相应的内容段落,就做到了紧扣主题。历年写作提纲可以总结为六种功能段落:现象描述、危害分析(弊)、原因分析、建议措施、观点阐述(观点的本质为利弊:支持方观点等于分析“利”,反方观点等于分析“弊”)、意义阐述(利)。
下面,本人结合近年真题展示功能段落内容:
2011-06:Online Shopping
1.现在网上购物已成为一种时尚
2.网上购物有很多好处,但也有不少问题
3.我的建议
解析:本次英语四级对应四个段落分别是:现象、观点(利、弊)和建议。该类作文可以被称之为:观点对比型作文,对比的内容重点在利弊分析上。
2010-12:How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?
1.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切
2.为了让孩子独立,父母应该……
解析:该题目只有两个提纲:现象和建议,可以添加一个功能段落:原因。这样这篇作文就是“三段论”的形式:提出问题(负面现象描述)、分析问题(原因)、建议措施段。2010年6月CET也属于该种那类型。
2009-12:Creating a Green Campus
1.建设绿色校园很重要
2.绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境……
3.为了建设绿色校园,我们应该……
解析:该段对应提纲如下:意义阐述(即分析:利或好处)、现象描述(解释绿色校园环境之外的因素)、建议措施段。
综合以上分析,六种功能段落已经涵盖住了以上考试的所有提纲。因此,如果能够掌握住六种功能段落的写作实际就掌握了四六级考试写作考题的最本质特征。那样的话,无论题目如何变化,我们准备都是有的放矢的。反观,死背模板容易导致生搬硬套,甚至文不对题。
二、写作短期提分方略
在了解了英语四级考试在命题特点的基础上,考生在冲刺阶段最需要准备的是两个内容:思路和表达。思路解决怎么写的问题,表达解决写什么的问题。如果拿到一个作文题目,你知道应该按照什么思路去写,又知道应该写什么表达,这篇作文就已经成功了一半。
思路点拨:在本人所讲授的基础班、强化班、精品班等不同班型上都曾讲授到现象、原因、建议、利弊、观点分析时的逻辑:“一个中心,四个基本点”。具体内容:“以孩子(学生、事件)为中心,以家长(老师、相关人员)、家庭(学校、管理机构)、社会、法规(道德意识)为基本点”
试举例说明:以2010年12月真题为例,主题为子女教育话题。谈到子女,必然涉及到家长,孩子和家长组成家庭,千千万万的家庭组成社会,是什么在维护着社会稳定?法规和道德意识。这样我们就找到了可以入手去分析的五个方面:孩子、家长、家庭、社会、法规道德意识。如何使用这五个方面?如分析家长溺爱孩子原因时至少可以从家长意识、家庭结构变化、社会背景角度去分析。
同理,2010年6月话题为学生英语学习,可从学生自身、教师教学、学校教学政策角度去分析。那么,如果主题不是孩子也不是学生,怎么分析?2011年6月主题为网络购物,分析时就以该事件为中心,可以想到相关人或物(买方:customers/ clients /shoppers;卖方:online shops/ stores;中间方:支付宝、淘宝等),其管理机构(政府)、社会背景,相关法规是否健全等。
“一个中心,四个基本点”的分析逻辑形成一种立体化网状结构,考生运用该思维模式,只要能想到其中两到三点,思路问题即可迎刃而解。建议所有有缘相识与北京新东方课堂、四级写作模板班、四级翻译突破班的童鞋们首先将该思路背诵下来,以备将来可以在考场上灵活应用。
表达积累:表达分为四个层次:词句段篇。
其中篇章层面只要按照提纲要求去组织文章即可,因此篇章方面不足为虑。段落方面按照“功能段落”的六种形式去识别,也小菜一碟。
词和句是表达的基本元素,也是语言质量的根本体现。在新东方教书的这四年中和三次参加四六级考试阅卷的经历中,看过无数学生的作文,深感学生词句方面能力的薄弱。同时结合过往教学中的成功案例,提出冲刺阶段表达积累的高效途径。
1. 背写:思路+表达。
很多同学考前也在背,背的滚瓜烂熟,脱口而出,觉得自己水平很牛!上了考场也顺利将文章写了出来,却得了一个很低的分数,为什么?因为单词都拼错了。冲刺阶段,请牢记:口头背诵的再好不等于能够写对。背写是提高写作和翻译唯一,也是最有效的方法。
那么背写什么内容哪?答案是思路和表达。思路上文中已有论述,遣词和造句的表达方面应该紧密结合功能段落来背诵有效句式和用词。考生不必刻意追求适用难词,但可以将常见词汇稍作替换:如,
exceedingly, extremely, intensely替换very;an army of/a great many/a host of替换a lot of;advancement替换development; positive, favorable, promising(有希望的), perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior替换good; give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger替换cause; harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that,替think; beneficial, rewarding替换helpful; bear in mind that替换remember; enjoy, possess替换have; shopper, client, consumer, purchaser,替换customer
表达精彩体现在三个方面:遣词、造句、连贯。大家可以结合以下例文感受这三个方面:(声明:试题命制、范文均为笔者原创,谢绝转载!)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of To Help or Not to Help?. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow:
1. 帮助别人是一种美德
2. 但是帮助陌生人容易使自己陷入麻烦
3. 我的看法
首段阐述意义:In contemporary society, it should be a virtue for individuals to offer help to those who are in need. Without this morality, it is impossible for the society to be named “Harmony”. Apparently enough, it is of great importance/ significance/ value/ benefits for people to help each other, especially in difficulties.
二段描述负面现象:However, a host of people find it hard or troublesome to offer helps to strangers. We have been frequently informed that(A typical example is that)a warmhearted man --who lends a hand to an old lady—gets himself in trouble. Since helping others may trigger trouble, a few people refuse to offer help timely. And if we let/allow this situation to continue as it is now, we would not know where civilized society will be in the forthcoming future.
尾段我的看法(或建议):As college students, we should bear in mind this virtue. However, it is essential that regulations should be worked out to support this virtue. In addition, it is suggested that we should offer aid to strangers in a safe way, such as dialing 12o or110 for help. If we try our utmost to do so, the future of our society/ civilization will be promising, hopeful and rosy.(以上范文字数为202词,请自己酌情删减即可)
三、冲刺复习安排建议。
总体原则:先背再写、阶段总结、适当模拟。
先背再写:基础较差同学一定要先背一些东西,然后模仿该作文的思路和表达去写。可以背诵的内容有:本人上课时讲义上要求大家背诵的功能句式和教材相关范文。背写的目的是积累语言表达实力,同时练习书写的公正和优美。建议书写较差的考生买本英语字帖练一下书写,也许你会有意外的惊喜。
阶段总结:每过一周就要问自己几个问题:所背诵的表达可以用来写什么类型的文章?该类文章的相关词汇或表达有什么?关键词如何避免重复?如果解决不了,请参照讲义上给大家总结的各类功能段落的功能句式和表达。请记住:没有复习,没有巩固。
适当模拟:在熟练掌握背写了六种功能段落的思路和表达之后,可以结合适当题目在写作中运用所讲所背所总结提分词汇、句式。建议大家能够灵活运用,做到一例多用。如我在多个班上讲过的关于英语学习的话题作文,可以写13次四级考试的作文。
题目:On English Learning
提纲:1.英语学习很重要;2.英语者所面临的困难;3.如何学好英语
In contemporary world, English learning has gained great popularity and it is of great significance. (主题句) Firstly, based on a survey, a majority of tourists acknowledge that they prefer to speak English when traveling around the world. (调查法表述)Secondly, compared with the poor English speakers, good English-speakers are superior in many ways. (比较模板句式)
However, English learners may have a variety of difficulties or troubles in their learning.(主题句) For example, it can be noticed that a large number of students have difficulty memorizing words. Sometimes, it is difficult for them to understand the rules of grammar. In addition, though some are good at reading or writing, they can not express themselves freely in English.
Then, how to get a good command of (学好) this language? I am convinced that practice makes perfect. Only practice can enable one to speak and write fluently. And it is also through practice that one can master the rules of grammar and remember words, and there is no other way. (强调句式)
2013年12月英语四级真题作文范文
作文要求: Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of the impact of the Internet on learning and then explain why education doesn't simply mean learning to obtain information. Your should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. (如图所示,我们看到有一个学生和一个老师正站在教室里。
当学生要求做一个随堂测试的时候,他手上拿着手机说到:"一旦我知道了如何使用Google,那不就是我所要需要的全部的教育么?"听到了学生这样的问题,老师显得尴尬而又惊讶。
) 真题范文: From the cartoon given above, we can observe that there is a student and a teacher standing in a classroom. When given a quiz by his teacher, the little boy says, with cell phone in his hand that, "once I learn how to use Google, isn't that all the education I really need?" Having heard her student's question, the teacher seems to be quite embarrassed and shocked. We can learn from the cartoon that the Internet has exerted a great influence on people's education. One of the most obvious influences is that we can acquire relevant knowledge and information rapidly and precisely via search engines, professional websites and online education. The internet has been served as a big school, a huge library and an informative book. However, education does not simply mean learning to obtain information. Studying in school, daily communication with people around us, social activities and fulfilling a task or a project can also be effective and indispensable forms. They enable us to enrich our knowledge, broaden our horizons, cultivate skills in communication and practice or even refine our character. All of these can not be achieved by the Internet education alone. The Internet has exerted a great impact on many aspects of people' life (of course including education). However, when enjoying the fruits of it, we should not overlook those traditional, essential and prevailing forms of education. By the way, do you think that institutions like shcools or libraries will vanish in the wake of the Internet ? (250 words) 真题范文的参考译文: 我们从这幅图画得知,网络对我们的学习造成了巨大的影响。
最大的影响就是获得信息的巨大的便利性。
我们可以通过搜索引擎、专业的门户网站或者在线教育快速而又精准地获得相关的知识和信息。
网络在现代社会已经变成了一个巨大的学校、一座巨大的图书馆或者是一本充满信息的书。
然而,教育绝不仅仅意味着学会获取信息。
学校的读书上课、与身边的人的日常生活的沟通交流、社会的实践活动以及完成一项任务或项目都是教育的有效而必不可少的形式。
它们使我们丰富的知识,扩大的视野,培养交流和实践能力甚至完善性格。
而这些,都是搜索信息这样的教育形式所无法达到的。
互联网在生活的各个方面(当然包括教育)产生了巨大的影响。
然而,我们在享用它给教育带来的成果的同时,也不能忽视那些传统的、精华的和主流的教育形式。
顺便问一句,你觉得学校、图书馆这样的机构会在某一天淹没在互联网的大潮中吗?(范文来自新东方)
英语四级历年考试作文真题
2006年6月英语四级作文 An announcement for a voluntary program 1:校学生会组织一次暑假志愿活动,现招聘志愿者 2:本次志愿者活动目的 内容及安排 3:报名条件和联系方式 2005年12月四级作文 Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? 如何看待大学校园成为旅游热点? 2005年6月四级作文 In honour of teachers on the occasion of Teacher's Day 书信写作:在教师节给老师写信表示感谢 2005年1月四级作文 A Campaign Speech 演讲稿:写一份竞选学生会主席的演讲稿2004年1月四级作文 A Letter in Reply to a Friend 书信写作:关于报考大学专业问题给朋友回信 2003年9月四级作文 简单叙述一下这位同学生病(或受伤)的情况,以及同学、老师和我是如何帮助他/她的。
最后谈谈人与人之间的这种相互关爱给我的感受是什么。
2003年6月四级作文 An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident 书信写作:假设你在某地目击一起车祸就此向警察同志写一份见证书2003年1月四级作文 It Pays to Be Honest 议论文写作:做人应该诚实 2002年6月四级作文 Student Use of Computers 看图写作:根据图表阐述大学生使用计算机的情况并解释原因。
2002年1月四级作文 书信写作:就本校食堂卫生状况给校长写一封抱怨信 2001年6月四级作文 A letter to a Schoolmate 书信写作:给同窗好友写信邀请他参加度假活动。
2001年1月四级作文 How to Succeed in a Job Interview? 议论文写作:阐述面试在求职过程中的作用及注意事项 2000年6月四级作文 Is a Test of Spoken English Necssary? 议论文写作:在大学里举行英语口语考试是否有必要?2000年1月四级作文 How I Finance My College Education 议论文写作:简述上大学费用的解决途径以及哪种方式适合自己 1999年6月四级作文 Reading Selectively Or Extensively? 议论文写作:读书是否应该有选择性去读1999年1月四级作文 Don' t Hesitate to Say "No" 议论文写作:别人请求帮助时,在什么情况下我们会说“不” ,为什么有些人在该说“不”的时候不说“不”, 该说“不”时不说“不”的坏处1998年6月四级作文 Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck? 议论文写作:有人认为某些数字会带来好运,而有人认为数字和运气无关,你怎么看待1998年1月四级作文 议论文写作:有关假冒伪劣商品方面的主题1997年6月英语四级作文 1. 大学生了解社会的必要性。
2. 了解社会的途径(大众媒介、社会服务等) 3. 我打算怎么做。
1997年1月英语四级作文 1. 怎样理解“熟能生巧”?2. 例如:在英语学习中......3. 又如...... 1996年6月英语四级作文 1. 人们以为淡水是取之不尽的,2. 实际上淡水是非常紧缺的,3. 我们应该怎么办 1996年1月英语四级作文 1. 双休日给大学生带来的好处。
2. 双休日可能给大学生带来的问题。
3. 我应当怎样过好双休日。
1995年6月英语四级作文 1. 现在找工作都要面试;2. 面试者可以向别人介绍情况;3. 应试者可以给对方留下一个好的印象。
1995年1月英语四级作文 1.有人认为金钱是幸福之本2.也有人认为金钱是万恶之源3.我的看法 希望能帮到楼主
英语四级的各个题目要求是什么?谢谢
这都是我自己译的,没有抄别的,所以就不会一词一词地对着来。
Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)第一部分:写作,按照要求来写作———————————————————————————————————————Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)第二部分 快速阅读 15分钟Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7 choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentence with the information given in the passage.简述:在这一部分,你会有15分钟去看这些阅读并回答后面的问题。
题目1-7中,请从ABCD选项中选择最优的。
题目8-10中,完成句子,从文章的信息中找出相对应的内容。
———————————————————————————————————————Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)第三部分 听力 35分钟 (共有三部分)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.A部分:在这个部分里面,你会听到8段短对话和2段长对话。
在每个对话的最后,你会听到一个或多个问题,所有的对话及问题只会讲一次,之后每个问题之间会有停顿。
在这个停顿之间,你要从ABCD中选出最优的答案,然后将答案写在答题卡上。
Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.部分B:在这个部分里面,你会听到3段短文。
在每一个短文中,你会听到一些问题。
所有的短文阅读及问题只会问一次。
之后你会听到一个问题,你要从ABCD中选出最优的答案,然后将答案写在答题卡上。
Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.C部分:在这一部分,你会听到一篇文章三次。
当文章读第一次时,你要认真地听大概的意思。
当文章读第二次时,你要将空白处,即题36-题43上,填上你听到的。
而题44-题46,就写下你听到的大概意思。
最后,当你听到文章被读第三次时,你就要检查你所听到的内容。
———————————————————————————————————————Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)第四部分 精细阅读 25分钟Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.A部分:在这一部分,会有十个空格。
你要从文章后面,所提供给你的选项中,填入最适当的。
在你选择答案前,请认真阅读文章。
每一个空格都是单词,请选择一个适当的词,在答题纸上填上你的答案。
每一个词只会用一次。
Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four chokes marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.B部分:这部分会有两篇文章,每一篇文章都会有一些问题或是未完成的陈述。
请从四个选项ABCD中选择最优的。
你要选择最优的来回答。
将答案写在答题卡上。
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英语四级作文题目201412月份
The Campus Activity that Has Benefited Me MostAs a coin has two sides, when it comes to “what campus activity that has benefited you most”,different people may have different opinions. As far as I am concerned, It is the psychological composition competition that has benefited me most.There are, to my mind, plenty of shaping factors, among which, the following ones are particularly worth mentioning. One of the most valuable one is it is the field that I like. I can find a place to say something, either to the world or to myself, which will make me feel relax, get a good mood and enjoy myself. Another fundamental one which should not be neglected is I can appreciate others' merits and find my own weakness, and then make up for it. Last but not least, I can find people who have the same thinking and interest with me, and become friends. Take myself for instance, it is in the psychological composition competition that I find my soul mate.Judging from the reams of evidence, it is safe for me to conclude that psychological composition competition is the campus activity that has benefited me most. If it had not been for it, I could not have enjoyed myself so much.
英语四级真题作文范文:如何妥善处理师生关系
Boundaries exist in virtually all human relationships, and students-teacher relationships are no exception to this rule. This reality gives rise to the following question: what kind of boundaries can be deemed appropriate in an academic setting ?My opinion is that, in general, a relatively formal distance should be kept between professors and their students.One reason to maintain a formal distance between students and teachers is to highlight the instructor's role as an authority figure. This is important so that the professors can enforce discipline, have instructions followed, and command respect from students. Another reason why teachers should maintain a formal students with their students is to avoid real and perceived bias. If the teacher develops close relationships with the students, it may be difficult to completely eliminate bias. Even the impression of bias may cause some students to feel that they have been treated unfairly.In sum, maintaining a formal distance between teachers and students can ensure an atmosphere of authority in the classroom and avoid both real and perceived bias.【参考译文】几乎所有人类关系中都存在着界限,师生关系也不例外。
鉴于此,下面的问题就出现了,在学术的分为中什么样的界限是合适的?我的观点是:一般而言,师生之间应该保持一种比较正式的距离。
师生之间保持一种正式的距离目的是为了强调老师作为权威人物的角色。
这一点很重要,这样教师才可以强化纪律,保障教学,也可以得到学生的尊重。
老师和学生保持一种正式的距离的另外一个原因就是避免事实上的或者感觉上的偏见。
如果老师和学生关系很紧密,评分时做到没有偏见是很苦难的。
甚至会让一些学生感到他们收到了不公平的待遇。
总之,在师生之间保持一定的距离既可以保证课堂的权威性又能避免事实上和感觉上的偏见。
希望能帮助到你,望采纳!
怎样备考英语四级考试?
四级英语学习方法(1)阅读与听力并重阅读理解考察方式为4篇文章,每篇文章后面5道题,共20题,时间为35分钟。
2002年后文章长度有所加长,一篇文章大约在350个单词左右。
如果阅读理解过关了,完形填空、简答也随之解决了,阅读理解的重要性可见一斑。
很多考生认为阅读理解的难点主要就是词汇,这种想法是片面的,除了词汇之外,长句和难句也是四级阅读理解有一定难度的主要原因。
考生在复习的时候,主要精力应该放在2000年以后的四级考试历年真题上,把所有文章中出现过的生词,摘录下来,抄写在笔记本上,整理成为一本个性化的词汇书;同时,对于长句和难句也应该摘抄下来,对于长句和难句应该注意抓句子的主干,主要是主语和谓语的定位。
关于阅读的技巧,考生在做题的时候,脑海中始终要牢记以下几点:一、先快速浏览问题题干,然后再读文章。
带着问题读文章,这样可以做到阅读时“有的放矢”;二、浏览文章时,注意宏观把握文章结构,寻找文章主题,作者态度等;三、总结正确选项的特点,注意区分干扰性选项的陷阱。
一般来说,具体的、表面的、肤浅的为非正确选项;概括的、抽象的、同义替换的为正确选项。
温馨提示:考生平时练习时,正确率应该保持在15个题以上。
听力理解分为两个部分:第一个部分为小对话(short conversation),考试形式为一男一女两个人各说一句,然后根据对话,提出问题;第二部分为段子题(passage)或复合式听写(compound dictation),二选一。
值得考生注意的是 compound dictation,纵观历年四级考试,复合式听写一共考过6次,2000年以前考过2次,体裁均属于记叙文(小故事);2000年以后,共考过4次compound dictation,体裁基本都是说明文,从考试的难度上看,说明文的难度要大于记叙文。
从四级考试的发展趋势来看, compound dictation越来越受到四、六级考试委员会的青睐,出现的频率也越来越高。
复合式听写和段子题主要在于平时要进行精听练习,特别是passage部分,除了精听之外,要仔细研究题目的出处,总结一些听觉导向词,这样才能提高做题的效率。
温馨提示:考生平时练习时,正确率应该保持在14个题以上。
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