作文一:《关于自然灾害的英语作文》5600字
Writing1. 自然灾害英语作文2. 环境保护作文3. 地震英语作文4. 关于墨西哥甲型H1N1 原猪流感英语作文素材Phrases1 draw to a close vi. 结束(告终)2 drum down使...静默3 slide down滑下A drop of blood slid down his leg. 他的腿上流着一点儿血。We slid down the grassy slope. 我们顺著草坡滑下去.4 wash away vt. (冲走,洗去,忘却) Our house was washed away in the flood. 我们的房屋在洪水中被冲走了。Heavy rain will not only wash away the soil but will cause serious flood as well. 大雨不但会冲走土壤,而且也会引起严重的水灾。5 carve out创(业),发(财) carve sth out for yourself 经过艰苦努力获得某物?Persistence will carve out a way to success.只要坚持到底,就一定能成功。6 put a high priority on 高度重视have access to vt. 可以到达(可以使用)As her private secretary he have access to all her correspondence. 他是她的私人秘书,能接触到她所有的信件。Students must have access to good books. 学生必须有机会读到好书。One of the deadliest natural disaster 最严重的自然灾害Cut in half 减半Wipe out 消灭 垮台~off擦去除去~up消灭擦干净?Weather prediction 天气预报By contrast 相形之下Move away in advance 提前转移Cope with对付应付,克服Writing1. 自然灾害英语作文2. 环境保护作文3. 地震英语作文4. 关于墨西哥甲型H1N1 原猪流感英语作文素材Natural DisastersIn the past hundred years, there have heen frequent natural disasters,such as floods, droughts, mud-rock flows, seismic sea waves,earthquakes, windstorms and the stretching of new deserts.The disasters have killed millions upon millions of people, destroyed countless homes, and wiped out numerous piecesof fertile land.It is urgent for us to do our best to protect it and makeit a lovely place suitable to live in, for we have nowhere to go andsurvive except where we are now.自然灾害 Natural Disaster :地震 earthquake 雪崩 avalanche火山泥流 lahar 泥石流 mudflow/landslide超级火山爆发 supervolcano 洪水 flood大(或急剧的)漩涡 maelstrom 海啸 Tsunami暴风雪 blizzard 干旱 Drought 雹暴 Hailstorm热浪 heat wave 飓风(台风)Hurricanes, Tropical cyclones, and Typhoons冰雹 ice storm龙卷风 tornado冰河时代 ice age森林大火 wildfire流行病 Epidemic饥荒 Famine太阳耀斑 Solar flare环境保护作文The earth scale change of climate has brought a new kind of natural disaster and the developed and plicated city system is holding a latent risk of expanding the damage artificially. Also people has been spoiling the health since the immense quantity of chemicals have been produced and already used in pursuit of convenience and various toxic substances have been produced unintentionally and accumulated in environment. Therefore, We need some countermeasures from the viewpoint to prevent the city environment form disaster and to manage environmental risks. So we will develop and improve a new risk management system and a disaster prevention system to preserve and create the city environment where people feel easy and sound in their life.环境保护作文词汇坚持环境保护基本国策 adhere to the basic state policy of environmental protection推行可持续发展战略 pursue the strategy of sustainable development贯彻经济建设、城乡建设、环境建设同步规划、同步实施、同步发展(三同步)的方针 carry out a strategy of synchronized planning, implementation and development in terms of economic and urban and rural development and environmental protection (the “three synchronizes” principle)提高全民环保意识 raise environmental awareness amongst the general public治理环境污染 curb environmental pollution; bring the pollution under control为当地人带来多种经济和社会效益 bring multiple economic and social benefits to the local people促进城市可持续发展 promote the sustainable development of the cityEnvironmental protection环保 Protection of the environment is everyone's responsibility保护环境,人人有责Love of nature, and protect the natural热爱大自然、保护大自然 There is only one earth, human beings should help只有一个地球、人类应该同舟共济 The pursuit of green fashion, towards the green civilization追求绿色时尚、走向绿色文明The construction of ecological culture, shaping the ecological civilization建设生态文化、塑造生态文明地震英语作文May 12th is an ordinary day in 2008,it is in this day that earthquake happened in Sichuan province.The earthquake destroyed nearly everything in Wenchuan country Sichuan province. It was terrible.We can't describle the scene what we saw with any words.Thousands of people were injured even died. And thousands of children became such unlucky ones who lost fathers or mothers , they longed to have families to continue their lives .I am sympathetic to their fate ! But I believed that we can fight against the fate and change it .For example ,there many people keeping living without food and water for about 100 hours during the earthquake! What an unbelievable thing it is !Their great spirits showed the powerful life vitality of humans!However,they must keep fighting against the death .Many schools were destroyed and there were many students and teachers who left us forever.Sadness,hoplessness and different kinds of danger spreaded out here and there ! But ,fortunately ,love is around us :the Communist party helps us ,the army helps us ,the people all over the world help us .They offer us with money ,goods ,love and so on ! Earthquake could destroy our houses ,but it can not destroy the spirits of us!With the help of the such a large love ,we will over e the damage of the earthquake and face our beautiful future !汶川地震哀悼日全国降半旗志哀。Flags were at half mast everywhere on the day of mourning for victims of Wenchuan earthquake.地震中的生命在72小时中如何度过:一方黑暗、恐惧、饥饿、希望、失望、再希望;另一方担忧、懊恼、祈祷、无畏、决绝。每个人都在与“72小时”赛跑,它还在继续着……How does a life survive an earthquake, especilly in the first 72 hours: dark, fear, hunger, hope,then lose hope and regain hope; in another point, worry, chagrin, then pray, boldness... Everyone is racing with the 中心治疗.We has been urging citizens with symptoms of the flu -- a sharp increase in body temperature, headaches, muscular pains and breathing problems -- to visit their nearest medical center as soon as possible. 例如大家怎洗手 to wash hands ;保证充足的睡眠 to ensure sufficient sleep ;多锻炼多运动Moderate exercise will benefit you. 适当的锻炼对你有好处。
作文二:《关于自然灾害的英语作文》15900字
Writing
1. ×?è???o?ó?ó?×???
2. ????????×???
3. μ??eó?ó?×???
4. ??óú???????×DíH1N1 ?,?íá??Dó?ó?×???????
Phrases
1 draw to a close vi. ?áê?(????)
2 drum downê?...????
3 slide down????A drop of blood slid down his leg. ??μ?íèé?á?×?ò?μ??ù?a??
We slid down the grassy slope.
?ò???????Y??????è?.
4 wash away vt. (??×?,??è?,íüè?) Our house was washed away in the flood.
?ò??μ????Y?úoé???D????×?á???
Heavy rain will not only wash away the soil but will cause serious flood
as well.
?óóê??μ??á??×?íáèà?????òò??áòy?e????μ???????
5 carve out??(òμ),??(??) carve sth out for yourself ?,?y?è?à??á???μ??????
Persistence will carve out a way to success.
??òa?á??μ?μ×???íò????ü?é????
6 put a high priority on ???è??êó
have access to vt. ?éò?μ???(?éò?ê?ó?)
As her private secretary he have access to all her correspondence. ??ê??yμ???è???êé???ü?ó??μ??y?ùóDμ?D??t??
Students must have access to good books. ??éú??D?óD?ú?á?áμ?o?êé?? One of the deadliest natural disaster ×?????μ?×?è???o? Cut in half ????
Wipe out ???e ??ì?~off?áè??yè?~up???e?á?é???
Weather prediction ìì??????
By contrast ?àD?????
Move away in advance ìá??×aò?
Cope with????ó???,???t
Writing
1. ×?è???o?ó?ó?×???
2. ????????×???
3. μ??eó?ó?×???
4. ??óú???????×DíH1N1 ?,?íá??Dó?ó?×???????
Natural Disasters
In the past hundred years, there have heen frequent natural disasters,
such as floods, droughts, mud-rock flows, seismic sea waves, earthquakes, windstorms and the stretching of new deserts. The disasters have killed millions upon millions of people
, destroyed countless homes, and wiped out numerous pieces of fertile land.
It is urgent for us to do our best to protect it and make
it a lovely place suitable to live in, for we have nowhere to go and
survive except where we are now.
×?è???o? Natural Disaster :
μ??e earthquake ???à avalanche
?eé??àá? lahar ?àê?á? mudflow/landslide
?????eé????? supervolcano oé?? flood
?ó(?ò????μ?)???D maelstrom o?D? Tsunami
?????? blizzard ?éoμ Drought ???? Hailstorm
èèà? heat wave ì?????ì?????Hurricanes, Tropical cyclones, and Typhoons ?ù?? ice storm
áú?í?? tornado
?ùoóê??ú ice age
é,á??ó?e wildfire
á?DD?? Epidemic
???? Famine
ì???ò??? Solar flare
????????×???
The earth scale change of climate has brought a new kind of natural disaster and the developed and plicated city system is holding a latent risk of expanding the damage artificially. Also people has been spoiling the health since the immense quantity of chemicals have been produced and already used in pursuit of convenience and various toxic substances have been produced unintentionally and accumulated in environment. Therefore, We need some countermeasures from the viewpoint to prevent the city environment form disaster and to manage environmental risks. So we will develop and improve a new risk management system and a disaster prevention system to preserve and create the city environment where people feel easy and sound in their life. ????????×????ê??
?á???????????ù???ú?? adhere to the basic state policy of environmental protection
í?DD?é??D????????? pursue the strategy of sustainable development ?á???,????éè????????éè????????éèí?????????í???êμê???í?????????èyí?????μ????? carry out a strategy of synchronized planning, implementation and development in terms of economic and urban and rural development and environmental protection (the ??three synchronizes?? principle)
ìá??è???????òaê? raise environmental awareness amongst the general public??àí??????è? curb environmental pollution; bring the pollution under control?aμ?μ?è???à??à???,??oíé??áD?ò? bring multiple economic
and social benefits to the local people
?ù????êD?é??D????? promote the sustainable development of the city Environmental protection????
Protection of the environment is everyone's
responsibility??????????è?è?óD?e
Love of nature, and protect the naturalèè???ó×?è????????ó×?è? There is only one earth, human beings should
help??óDò???μ??ò??è?ààó???í???????
The pursuit of green fashion, towards the green
civilization×??ó?ìé?ê?éD??×??ò?ìé?????
The construction of ecological culture, shaping the ecological civilization
??éèéúì????????ü?ìéúì?????
μ??eó?ó?×???
May 12th is an ordinary day in 2008,it is in this day that earthquake happened in Sichuan province.The earthquake destroyed nearly everything in Wenchuan country Sichuan province. It was terrible.We can't describle the scene what we saw with any words.Thousands of people were injured even died. And thousands of children became such unlucky ones who lost fathers or mothers , they longed to have families to continue their lives .I am sympathetic to their fate ! But I believed that we can fight against the fate and change it .For example ,there many people keeping living without food and water for about 100 hours during the
earthquake!2ò????×??ó?μ??????ó?y???á?é?t,?a2ò????×??ó?μ??????ó?y???á?é?t,
???ó?y???á?é???t?t?t
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???×??ó?μ??????ó?y???á?é???a1ò????×??ó?μ??????ó?y???á?é??
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What an unbelievable thing it is !Their great spirits showed the powerful life vitality of humans!However,they must keep fighting against the death .Many schools were destroyed and there were many students and teachers who left us forever.Sadness,hoplessness and different kinds of danger spreaded out here and there !
????But ,fortunately ,love is around us :the Communist party helps us ,the army helps us ,the people all over the world help us .They offer us with money ,goods ,love and so on ! Earthquake could destroy our houses ,but it can not destroy the spirits of us!
With the help of the such a large love ,we will over e the damage of the earthquake and face our beautiful future !
????μ??e??μ?è?è??ú?μ???ì??????
Flags were at half mast everywhere on the day of mourning for victims of Wenchuan earthquake.
μ??e?Dμ?éú?ü?ú72D?ê??Dè?o??è?y?oò???oú?μ????????????????í???ê?í????ù??í???áíò???μ?ó??????????íμ????T??????????????è????úó???72D?ê???èü?ü???ü???ú?ìD?×??,?,
How does a life survive an earthquake, especilly in the first 72 hours: dark, fear, hunger, hope,then lose hope and regain hope; in another point, worry, chagrin, then pray, boldness... Everyone is racing with the "72 hours", as it goes on...
?è??D?×é|rescue team ?????è??|emergency rescue
?ê??|tent ?è????×ê|disaster relief materials
????|victims of a natural calamity
Dò????|survival êü????|victims
??D??è?ù|the caring donation ?è???ìD?|the message of donation ?è??|rescue ò????×?a|donate blood ????|observe silence/ stand in silent tribute
?e??|earthquake magnitude êa??íí?á|fund-raising show
?ó?ò?èà???????è????ò??D??????ú?ò????á??íá??Dòé????ày??????D?ó?ó?μ???×ó??
ày??1????μ?à?????????òé????ày??Five suspected cases of swine flu found in Austria.
ày?? 2??o??ú??μ?à?????1??òé????ày???ó?ò×??oD?D??é??
è????ò??D?
???íá??D?ú??????òé?ó?òè?ò??éμ?μ?????ó????ó?ò????D????è??ò???ày???o ày??3?oèeê?????????òé??è????ú??ó?. Swiss citizens advised against Mexico travel.í??ùμ??????ú?ò???í?üD?áííaò?????×óá?.
ày?? 4??èeê??t???ü?tí??a?????ü?a????òaμ????ú??ó?.The Swiss government advised its citizens to avoid non-essential travel to Mexico on Tuesday.
è????ò??D?????à?á???????D?????
ày??5?o ?ó???ú???μ??μ?èeê???????óDá??D??×???ò?????à?.Swiss who had just returned from Mexico all had the symptoms of influenza and were in quarantine.
è????ò????D???μ?μ???×ó???èè??o???Dè??ùóD?????òòé??????×??ü??è??y???ú??/????ò?????à????óêü??òa??á???/μ?ê???ò?è??íá??D??????Dè×?oóè?è???
He admitted that all of the suspected patients, having recently been to Mexico, /were already quarantined and received necessary medication, /but a series of tests are needed to confirm whether they are really infected with swine flu virus.
μ?ê??ó?ò????ò??a???????ü×???à??aêí?íá??D???ó?òòaà??????aí??ò?ééüá??íá??D???ó??à??òòaD?ê?????????D????ó?ò?éò?à???ò????úèY???èè?è?o????à?íá??D??
????àyè?D??o1???ò??ò??,?ú??êD???????ù?????ú??.The city has been giving out face masks on public transport.
???? 2???ò??ò??,òa?óóDá??D??×??üà?: ??é?/ í?ì?/
??èaì?(??éíì?)ò???o??ü?êìaμ?êD??????è????üò?á??DD???á?.We has been urging citizens with symptoms of the flu -- a sharp increase in body temperature, headaches, muscular pains and breathing problems -- to visit their nearest medical center as soon as possible. ????àyè??ó?ò????ê? to wash hands ????????×?μ????? to ensure sufficient sleep ???à?íá??à????Moderate exercise will benefit you. êêμ?μ??íá?????óDo?????
作文三:《关于自然灾害的英语作文》6900字
关于自然灾害的英语作文.txt大悲无泪,大悟无言,大笑无声。我们手里的金钱是保持自由的一种工具。女人在约会前,一定先去美容院;男人约会前,一定先去银行。Writing
1. 自然灾害英语作文
2. 环境保护作文
3. 地震英语作文
4. 关于墨西哥甲型H1N1 原猪流感英语作文素材
Phrases
1 draw to a close vi. 结束(告终)
2 drum down使...静默
3 slide down滑下A drop of blood slid down his leg.
他的腿上流着一点儿血。
We slid down the grassy slope.
我们顺著草坡滑下去.
4 wash away vt. (冲走,洗去,忘却) Our house was washed away in the flood. 我们的房屋在洪水中被冲走了。
Heavy rain will not only wash away the soil but will cause serious flood as well. 大雨不但会冲走土壤,而且也会引起严重的水灾。
5 carve out创(业),发(财) carve sth out for yourself 经过艰苦努力获得某物? Persistence will carve out a way to success.
只要坚持到底,就一定能成功。
6 put a high priority on 高度重视
have access to vt. 可以到达(可以使用)
As her private secretary he have access to all her correspondence. 他是她的私人秘书,能接触到她所有的信件。
Students must have access to good books. 学生必须有机会读到好书。
One of the deadliest natural disaster 最严重的自然灾害
Cut in half 减半
Wipe out 消灭 垮台~off擦去除去~up消灭擦干净?
Weather prediction 天气预报
By contrast 相形之下
Move away in advance 提前转移
Cope with对付应付,克服
Writing
1. 自然灾害英语作文
2. 环境保护作文
3. 地震英语作文
4. 关于墨西哥甲型H1N1 原猪流感英语作文素材
Natural Disasters
In the past hundred years, there have heen frequent natural disasters, such as floods, droughts, mud-rock flows, seismic sea waves,
earthquakes, windstorms and the stretching of new deserts.
The disasters have killed millions upon millions of people
, destroyed countless homes, and wiped out numerous pieces
of fertile land.
It is urgent for us to do our best to protect it and make
it a lovely place suitable to live in, for we have nowhere to go and
survive except where we are now.
自然灾害 Natural Disaster :
地震 earthquake 雪崩 avalanche
火山泥流 lahar 泥石流 mudflow/landslide
超级火山爆发 supervolcano 洪水 flood
大(或急剧的)漩涡 maelstrom 海啸 Tsunami
暴风雪 blizzard 干旱 Drought 雹暴 Hailstorm
热浪 heat wave 飓风(台风)Hurricanes, Tropical cyclones, and Typhoons
冰雹 ice storm
龙卷风 tornado
冰河时代 ice age
森林大火 wildfire
流行病 Epidemic
饥荒 Famine
太阳耀斑 Solar flare
环境保护作文
The earth scale change of climate has brought a new kind of natural disaster and the developed and plicated city system is holding a latent risk of expanding the damage artificially. Also people has been spoiling the health since the immense quantity of chemicals have been produced and already used in pursuit of convenience and various toxic substances have been produced unintentionally and accumulated in environment. Therefore, We need some countermeasures from the viewpoint to prevent the city environment form disaster and to manage environmental risks. So we will develop and improve a new risk management system and a disaster prevention system to preserve and create the city environment where people feel easy and sound in their life.
环境保护作文词汇
坚持环境保护基本国策 adhere to the basic state policy of environmental protection 推行可持续发展战略 pursue the strategy of sustainable development
贯彻经济建设、城乡建设、环境建设同步规划、同步实施、同步发展(三同步)的方针 carry out a strategy of synchronized planning, implementation and development in terms of economic and urban and rural development and environmental protection (the “three synchronizes” principle)
提高全民环保意识 raise environmental awareness amongst the general public治理环境污染 curb environmental pollution; bring the pollution under control为当地人带来多种经济和社会效益 bring multiple economic and social benefits to the local people 促进城市可持续发展 promote the sustainable development of the city
Environmental protection环保
Protection of the environment is everyone's responsibility保护环境,人人有责 Love of nature, and protect the natural热爱大自然、保护大自然
There is only one earth, human beings should help只有一个地球、人类应该同舟共济
The pursuit of green fashion, towards the green civilization追求绿色时尚、走向绿色文明
The construction of ecological culture, shaping the ecological civilization 建设生态文化、塑造生态文明
地震英语作文
May 12th is an ordinary day in 2008,it is in this day that earthquake happened in Sichuan province.The earthquake destroyed nearly everything in Wenchuan country Sichuan province. It was terrible.We can't describle the scene what we saw with any words.Thousands of people were injured even died. And thousands of children became such unlucky ones who lost fathers or mothers , they longed to have families to continue their lives .I am sympathetic to their fate ! But I believed that we can fight against the fate and change it .For example ,there many people keeping living without food and water for about 100 hours during the earthquake!
What an unbelievable thing it is !Their great spirits showed the powerful life vitality of humans!However,they must keep fighting against the death .Many schools were destroyed and there were many students and teachers who left us forever.Sadness,hoplessness and different kinds of danger spreaded out here and there !
But ,fortunately ,love is around us :the Communist party helps us ,the army helps us ,the people all over the world help us .They offer us with money ,goods ,love and so on ! Earthquake could destroy our houses ,but it can not destroy the spirits of us!
With the help of the such a large love ,we will over e the damage of the earthquake and face our beautiful future !
汶川地震哀悼日全国降半旗志哀。
Flags were at half mast everywhere on the day of mourning for victims of Wenchuan earthquake.
地震中的生命在72小时中如何度过:一方黑暗、恐惧、饥饿、希望、失望、再希望;另一方担忧、懊恼、祈祷、无畏、决绝。每个人都在与“72小时”赛跑,它还在继续着??
How does a life survive an earthquake, especilly in the first 72 hours: dark, fear, hunger, hope,then lose hope and regain hope; in another point, worry, chagrin, then pray, boldness... Everyone is racing with the
帐篷|tent 救灾物资|disaster relief materials
灾民|victims of a natural calamity
幸存者|survival 受灾者|victims
爱心捐赠|the caring donation 捐款短信|the message of donation
救援|rescue 义务献血|donate blood 默哀|observe silence/ stand in silent tribute 震级|earthquake magnitude 赈灾晚会|fund-raising show
大家先来看看,如果我们写哪个国家发现了猪流感疑似病例,怎么写英语的句子?
例句1、奥地利发现五名疑似病例。Five suspected cases of swine flu found in Austria. 例句 2、韩国奥地利发现1名疑似病例。大家自己写写吧!
如果我们写 ,猪流感期间不建议大家去疫情的地区旅游,大家怎么写?先看一个例句:
例句3:瑞士公民被建议不去墨国旅游. Swiss citizens advised against Mexico travel.同样的换个国家,就能写另外一个句子了.
例句 4、瑞士政府周二通知公民避免不必要的墨国旅游.The Swiss government advised its citizens to avoid non-essential travel to Mexico on Tuesday.
如果我们写被隔离了,怎么写呢?
例句5: 从墨国刚返回的瑞士公民都有流感症状,已被隔离.Swiss who had just returned from Mexico all had the symptoms of influenza and were in quarantine.
如果我们想写长点的句子,比如:他承认所有病者或疑似病者最近都去过墨国,/他们已被隔离并接受必要治疗,/但是否已染猪流感病毒还需最后确认。
He admitted that all of the suspected patients, having recently been to Mexico, /were already quarantined and received necessary medication, /but a series of tests are needed to confirm whether they are really infected with swine flu virus.
但是大家想想一篇文章不能专门来解释猪流感,大家要来想想开头我介绍了猪流感,接下来我要写什么?怎么写?大家可以扩展一下内容,比如如何预防猪流感?
例如写:1、我们已经在城市公共场所发放口罩.The city has been giving out face masks on public transport.
2、我们已经要求有流感症状包括: 发烧/ 头疼/ 肌肉疼(浑身疼)以及呼吸问题的市民尽早去附近医疗中心治疗.We has been urging citizens with symptoms of the flu -- a sharp increase in body temperature, headaches, muscular pains and breathing problems -- to visit their nearest medical center as soon as possible.
例如大家怎洗手 to wash hands ;保证充足的睡眠 to ensure sufficient sleep ;多锻炼多运动Moderate exercise will benefit you. 适当的锻炼对你有好处。
作文四:《关于自然灾害的英语作文》7200字
关于自然灾害的英语作文.txt会计说:“你晚点来领工资吧,我这没零钱。”你看得出我擦了粉吗,虽然你身上喷了古龙水,但我还是能隐约闻到一股人渣味儿。既宅又腐,前途未卜。既宅又腐,前途未卜。你被打胎后是怎么从垃圾桶里逃出来的?史上最神秘的部门:有关部门。不可否认,马赛克是这个世纪阻碍人类裸体艺术进步最大的障碍~Writing1. 自然灾害英语作文
2. 环境保护作文
3. 地震英语作文
4. 关于墨西哥甲型H1N1 原猪流感英语作文素材
Phrases
1 draw to a close vi. 结束(告终)
2 drum down使...静默
3 slide down滑下A drop of blood slid down his leg. 他的腿上流着一点儿血。
We slid down the grassy slope. 我们顺著草坡滑下去.
4 wash away vt. (冲走,洗去,忘却) Our house was washed away in the flood. 我们的房屋在洪水中被冲走了。
Heavy rain will not only wash away the soil but will cause serious flood as well.
大雨不但会冲走土壤,而且也会引起严重的水灾。
5 carve out创(业),发(财) carve sth out for yourself 经过艰苦努力获得某物? Persistence will carve out a way to success. 只要坚持到底,就一定能成功。
6 put a high priority on 高度重视
have access to vt. 可以到达(可以使用)
As her private secretary he have access to all her correspondence. 他是她的私人秘书,能接触到她所有的信件。
Students must have access to good books. 学生必须有机会读到好书。 One of the deadliest natural disaster 最严重的自然灾害
Cut in half 减半
Wipe out 消灭 垮台~off擦去除去~up消灭擦干净?
Weather prediction 天气预报
By contrast 相形之下
Move away in advance 提前转移
Cope with对付应付,克服
Writing
1. 自然灾害英语作文
2. 环境保护作文
3. 地震英语作文
4. 关于墨西哥甲型H1N1 原猪流感英语作文素材
Natural Disasters
In the past hundred years, there have heen frequent natural disasters,
such as floods, droughts, mud-rock flows, seismic sea waves,
earthquakes, windstorms and the stretching of new deserts.
The disasters have killed millions upon millions of people
, destroyed countless homes, and wiped out numerous pieces
of fertile land.
It is urgent for us to do our best to protect it and make
it a lovely place suitable to live in, for we have nowhere to go and
survive except where we are now.
自然灾害 Natural Disaster :
地震 earthquake 雪崩 avalanche
火山泥流 lahar 泥石流 mudflow/landslide
超级火山爆发 supervolcano 洪水 flood
大(或急剧的)漩涡 maelstrom 海啸 Tsunami
暴风雪 blizzard 干旱 Drought 雹暴 Hailstorm
热浪 heat wave 飓风(台风)Hurricanes, Tropical cyclones, and Typhoons
冰雹 ice storm
龙卷风 tornado
冰河时代 ice age
森林大火 wildfire
流行病 Epidemic
饥荒 Famine
太阳耀斑 Solar flare
环境保护作文
The earth scale change of climate has brought a new kind of natural disaster and the developed and plicated city system is holding a latent risk of expanding the damage artificially. Also people has been spoiling the health since the immense quantity of chemicals have been produced and already used in pursuit of convenience and various toxic substances have been produced unintentionally and accumulated in environment. Therefore, We need some countermeasures from the viewpoint to prevent the city environment form disaster and to manage environmental risks. So we will develop and improve a new risk management system and a disaster prevention system to preserve and create the city environment where people feel easy and sound in their life.
环境保护作文词汇
坚持环境保护基本国策 adhere to the basic state policy of environmental protection 推行可持续发展战略 pursue the strategy of sustainable development
贯彻经济建设、城乡建设、环境建设同步规划、同步实施、同步发展(三同步)的方针 carry
out a strategy of synchronized planning, implementation and development in terms of economic and urban and rural development and environmental protection (the “three
synchronizes” principle)
提高全民环保意识 raise environmental awareness amongst the general public治理环
境污染 curb environmental pollution; bring the pollution under control为当地人带
来多种经济和社会效益 bring multiple economic and social benefits to the local people 促进城市可持续发展 promote the sustainable development of the city
Environmental protection环保
Protection of the environment is everyone's responsibility保护环境,人人有责
Love of nature, and protect the natural热爱大自然、保护大自然
There is only one earth, human beings should help只有一个地球、人类应该同舟共济
The pursuit of green fashion, towards the green civilization追求绿色时尚、走向绿
色文明
The construction of ecological culture, shaping the ecological civilization 建设生态文化、塑造生态文明
地震英语作文
May 12th is an ordinary day in 2008,it is in this day that earthquake happened in Sichuan province.The earthquake destroyed nearly everything in Wenchuan country Sichuan province. It was terrible.We can't describle the scene what we saw with any words.Thousands of people were injured even died. And thousands of children became such unlucky ones who lost fathers or mothers , they longed to have families to continue their lives .I am sympathetic to their fate ! But I believed that we can fight against the fate and change it .For example ,there many people keeping living without food and water for about 100 hours during the earthquake!
What an unbelievable thing it is !Their great spirits showed the powerful life vitality of humans!However,they must keep fighting against the death .Many schools were destroyed and there were many students and teachers who left us forever.Sadness,hoplessness and different kinds of danger spreaded out here and there !
But ,fortunately ,love is around us :the Communist party helps us ,the army helps us ,the people all over the world help us .They offer us with money ,goods ,love and so on ! Earthquake could destroy our houses ,but it can not destroy the spirits of us!
With the help of the such a large love ,we will over e the damage of the earthquake and face our beautiful future !
汶川地震哀悼日全国降半旗志哀。
Flags were at half mast everywhere on the day of mourning for victims of Wenchuan earthquake.
地震中的生命在72小时中如何度过:一方黑暗、恐惧、饥饿、希望、失望、再希望;另一方
担忧、懊恼、祈祷、无畏、决绝。每个人都在与“72小时”赛跑,它还在继续着??
How does a life survive an earthquake, especilly in the first 72 hours: dark, fear, hunger, hope,then lose hope and regain hope; in another point, worry, chagrin, then pray, boldness... Everyone is racing with the "72 hours", as it goes on... 救援小组|rescue team 紧急救援|emergency rescue
帐篷|tent 救灾物资|disaster relief materials
灾民|victims of a natural calamity
幸存者|survival 受灾者|victims
爱心捐赠|the caring donation 捐款短信|the message of donation
救援|rescue 义务献血|donate blood 默哀|observe silence/ stand in silent tribute
震级|earthquake magnitude 赈灾晚会|fund-raising show
大家先来看看,如果我们写哪个国家发现了猪流感疑似病例,怎么写英语的句子,
例句1、奥地利发现五名疑似病例。Five suspected cases of swine flu found in Austria.
例句 2、韩国奥地利发现1名疑似病例。大家自己写写吧~
如果我们写 ,猪流感期间不建议大家去疫情的地区旅游,大家怎么写,先看一个例句:
例句3:瑞士公民被建议不去墨国旅游. Swiss citizens advised against Mexico travel.同样的换个国家,就能写另外一个句子了.
例句 4、瑞士政府周二通知公民避免不必要的墨国旅游.The Swiss government advised its citizens to avoid non-essential travel to Mexico on Tuesday. 如果我们写被隔离了,怎么写呢,
例句5: 从墨国刚返回的瑞士公民都有流感症状,已被隔离.Swiss who had just returned
from Mexico all had the symptoms of influenza and were in quarantine. 如果我们想写长点的句子,比如:他承认所有病者或疑似病者最近都去过墨国,/他们已被隔
离并接受必要治疗,/但是否已染猪流感病毒还需最后确认。
He admitted that all of the suspected patients, having recently been to Mexico, /were already quarantined and received necessary medication, /but a series of tests are needed to confirm whether they are really infected with swine flu virus. 但是大家想想一篇文章不能专门来解释猪流感,大家要来想想开头我介绍了猪流感,接下来
我要写什么,怎么写,大家可以扩展一下内容,比如如何预防猪流感,
例如写:1、我们已经在城市公共场所发放口罩.The city has been giving out face masks on public transport.
2、我们已经要求有流感症状包括: 发烧/ 头疼/ 肌肉疼(浑身疼)以及呼吸问题的市民
尽早去附近医疗中心治疗.We has been urging citizens with symptoms of the flu -- a sharp increase in body temperature, headaches, muscular pains and breathing problems -- to visit their nearest medical center as soon as possible.
例如大家怎洗手 to wash hands ;保证充足的睡眠 to ensure sufficient sleep ;多
锻炼多运动Moderate exercise will benefit you. 适当的锻炼对你有好处。
作文五:《关于自然灾害的作文:和谐自然》1800字
关于自然灾害的作文:和谐自然
关于自然灾害的作文:和谐自然
和谐自然 作文素材:1950年7月,淮河大水。由于泥沙淤积,河床高涨,加上国民党军队在淮海战役时对沿淮堤坝的大肆破坏,这年汛期,淮河流域全面告急,河南
作文素材:
1950年7月,淮河大水。由于泥沙淤积,河床高涨,加上国民党军队在淮海战役时对沿淮堤坝的大肆破坏,这年汛期,淮河流域全面告急,河南、皖北许多地方一片汪洋,水灾淹没土地3400余万亩,灾民1300万。淮北地区受 灾惨重,为百年所罕见。
1954年7月,长江、淮河大水。长江中下游、淮河 流域降水量普遍比常年同期偏多一倍以上,致使江河水位猛 涨,汉口长江水位高达29(73米,较历史最高水位的1931 年高出14.5米。虽然沿江人民做出了极大努力保卫荆江大 堤,从而保证了武汉市和南京市的安全,但却淹没农田4755万亩,1888万人受灾,财产损失在100亿元以上。由于农产品减少,也影响了人民的生活和1955年的工业生产。 这一系列灾害的发生除了自然本身的因素外,更多的是人为因素,尤其是人们对自然环境破坏和不合理的开发。
2007年夏,太湖暴发大范围蓝藻。湖面污染严重,影响到了居民及生产的用水。在此时,网络上流传着将 太湖美 变为 太湖霉 的搞笑歌词。但是,现实的确是如此的,太湖里蓝藻的大量滋生,不仅污染了湖水,还使鱼虾无法生存。 太湖蓝藻事件引起了人们对生态环境的关注,为了保护江苏人的母亲湖,人们开始努力行动起来,为恢复太湖的环境而努力。
现在蓝藻虽已过去,但江苏人民痛定思痛,深刻反省,提出了举全国之力 重塑太湖美 ,并制定了切实可行的目标与措施。相信在可持续发展战略的要求下,人们一定能够减轻环境污染所带来的消积影响,建设好的生态文明,使太湖美重见在我们眼前,让太湖的明天更加美好。
作文范文:
快乐和谐自然
自然
自然属于人,人身在自然,自然已与人融为一体。
春天的自然,百花露出可爱的笑脸,争奇斗艳;平常默默无语的小草们也纷纷昂起了头让人们欣赏它质朴的美;弯弯的垂柳伸展着柔柔的腰肢,任风儿吹指着它的一头秀发;春天的人们更是朝气蓬勃,满怀希望迎接新的生活。夏天的自然是丰收的前夜,更显示出它那火热的激情。灼热的空气里,麦苗正经受考验,挥汗如雨的人们感受着它的威力。秋天的自然一片丰收的景象,硕果累累,遍地金黄。石榴笑破了肚子,麦穗笑弯了腰,那胖胖的玉米娃娃也露出满口的黄牙。冬天的自然变成一位沉默的老者,他把雪白的棉袄发给大自然的每一个生物,在凛洌的寒风中孕育春的希望。
自然是美好的,但唯有人与自然的和谐相处,世界才能变得更加美好。 和谐
所谓 和谐 就是配合恰当、谐调,相处融洽。和谐在生活中无处不在:人与人要和谐,动植物要和谐,人与自然要和谐。人们保护树木、森林,禁止乱砍乱伐,是为了防止水土流失引起的洪水,泥石流等灾难的发生,使人类在一个相对安全的环境中生活,这叫和谐。人们的餐桌上不再出现各种可怜的小动物,不再到可可西里猎捕濒临灭绝的臧羚羊,让他们能无忧无虑地奔跑在一望无际的原野上,这叫和谐。在生物的世界里有一条锁链,名叫 食物链 ,一种生物的灭绝随即会引起另一种生物的消亡,环环相扣,最后消失于世界的的难道不是人类自己吗,想到这里不禁毛骨悚然。也许大家还不知道,我们全人类的母亲 地球正在哭泣,她向月亮妹妹诉说她的痛苦;她的儿孙 人类剥夺了她美丽的绿衣裳,将它变成一座座林立的高楼,她纯净的蓝皮肤被人类肆意污染。看着地球母亲充满泪水的脸,月亮妹妹摇了摇了头,替他感到惋惜不已,这都是人类的罪过哪~人类为了自己的利益,破坏了各个生物之间的平衡,使得自然灾害频频发生,多少生灵遭到涂炭,多少家庭从此失去幸福。人类如果能听到地球母亲的哭泣,反省自己,和谐女神就能永驻人间。
因为有了和谐与自然,于是快乐便诞生了。
快乐
快乐无处不在,生活中随处都能找到快乐。学校里那块绿茵茵的草坪没有人故意践踏,绿意盎然,看起来让人心情舒畅,我感到快乐;同学之间通过相处对彼此有了更多的了解,成为了一个和谐的集体,同舟共济,也能使我感到快乐,看到小动物活泼地玩耍、可爱的面容,我也会感到快乐,大街上空气清新,阳光灿烂,也感到快乐。只要我们共同努力,保护好我们的家园,然后去仔细观察,认真体会,小小的快乐都使你感动。
快乐、自然、和谐与人们生活息息相关,人们只有学会了与自然和睦相处,与其他生物和平生存,生活的空间才会越来越大,人生的舞台才会越来越美。
如果我有足够洪亮的声音,我会站在珠穆朗玛峰顶高呼一声 快乐,自然,和谐万岁~
作文六:《关于“舟曲特大泥石流灾害”的作文(四篇)》1300字
关于“舟曲特大泥石流灾害”的作文(四
篇)
,一,
佚名
灾难无情人有情。从网上看到甘肃省舟曲县发生泥石流灾难的消息之后~我的心久久不能平静〃〃〃〃〃〃作为边远小县的一员~虽然没有经历那一场场生与死的考验~但看到甘肃省舟曲县泥石流带来的灾难依旧然我痛心依旧。洪水无情~人有情。突如其来的暴雨不仅打乱了人们的日常生活节奏~还让许多人承受着失去亲人、失去家园的痛苦。尽管这一刻~我们并没有亲临灾区体会他们的心情~但这一轩幅幅洪流画面都将牵动倚着我们挂念灾区的心。镣
就在灾情发生后的拳第一时间~全国各地人吁民群众积极行动起来~壶发扬“一方有难~八方宜支援”的中华民族的优言良传统~将爱心献给甘溺南灾区。而作为边远小位县的一员~我们虽然不约能付出更多的向甘肃兰揭州军区那样的巨爱行动婆~但我们会尽自己小小帕的新一~积极动员广大捡人民群众参与到爱心行囊动中来~积极行动起来曾捐款捐物~将爱心和温轰暖送给甘南灾区。让甘则肃灾民感受到洪水随可卯怕~但全国人民的大爱巫将永远与他名相伴。[萍小学教育吧Www.J芯
iaoBa.Net]撅
泥石流是可怕的~文给甘南带来了巨大损失官~让人民群众生命财产偿受到危害~泥石流带走檄了127条鲜活的生命址~但泥石流带不走全国刺人民对灾区的情和爱~科带不走党和政府的温暖衣。相反带来了党和政府元的温暖~带来了全国人日民对灾区的情和爱。甘诊南灾区的救灾工作已经脂证明了全国人民一条心责~哪里有灾情哪里就有扎温暖和爱~更有坚强的个靠山。让我们携起手来悬~为甘肃人民加油。
,占二,
舟曲要坚强起来
丰铅顺县丰良镇第一中学:屏彭涛
舟曲的同胞们笑你们要坚强起来~我们仑都和你们在一起。
鸳在这个月的上旬舟曲发中生了一场泥石流。[小斌学教育吧Www.Ji乔aoBa.Net]
楞 在第一时间又是中华减人民子弟兵第一个赶到煽~在这场无情的泥石流葬的灾难中又让我们手牵腮手心连心~又让我们在历一起来度过难关~所谓拯的灾难无情人间有情。谰灾难一次又一次的刁难挚我们~可我们一次又一漾次的克服困难~世上无怜难事~只怕有心人。舟塑曲的同胞们我们看到你陡们困在灾
难中~我们也洋不好过~我们在电视上鹰看到你们受伤的受伤~杖死亡的死亡~现在真是纺需要亲情的时候~我有早不能和你们在一起~我薯只能在心里默默的为你驹们祷告~祝愿你们早日岁回到自己的家园~能早棠日开学~让我们来一起讨努力度过难关吧:在我掠们中国发生了许许多多酿的灾难~又是我们中华嗅人民联合在一起~毛主炎席又一次伸出了援助的癸手~我们又一次一次的萝祷告~在今天,8月1柜5日,全国的游戏都暂脏停了~今天成为祷告日梦~全部电视都在报舟曲咏的泥石流~在这天我全仅家都在哭着过。舟曲泥漳石流灾害已造成迟9人遇难505人失踪阵~住院66人~解救1郁243人。全国上下都讽降半旗~现在我们大家妨读在捐钱~把捐的钱凑辅在一起让舟曲的同胞吃藻饱穿暖。
舟曲的同瓶胞们你们要坚强起来~爵我们都和你们在一起。挥
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作文七:《有关灾害的作文》2800字
有关灾害的作文
昨天给学生上了最后一次课,有两项内容,一项是简评灾害带给我们______,另一项是考场救急法。
在简评之前,我用多媒体给学生播放了两段视频,一段是冰岛火山爆发,飞行员从空中拍摄的镜头;另一段视频美国密苏里州的龙卷风灾害。此外我还给学生展示了一组照片,这组照片来自于新浪博友乌蒙流浪者.边缘独舞博客中的一篇文章《震撼组图.愤怒的地球》。在此对乌蒙流浪者老师表示感谢。
展示视频和照片的目的就是让学生真切地感受灾害的威力,震撼他们的心灵。视频和照片展示完后,我对学生们说:
同学们,灾害不仅仅指的是自然灾害,还包括人祸。有些同学在文章中把天灾和人类的破坏建立起必然的联系,甚至说天灾是地球对人类的惩罚。这样的认识太片面太绝对,其实,很多自然灾害和人类活动没有必然的联系,比如地震、火山喷发、飓风、海啸等。甚至森林火灾(一些)、泥石流爆发、干旱、洪涝等灾害也不全和人类的滥砍滥伐有必然的联系。就拿全球气温增高来说吧,虽然人类活动增强了温室效应,但是就地球数十亿年的年龄来说,
现在的气温增高属于地球的正常反应,地球历史上不知经历了多少次这样的变化,人类活动和地球气温增高不一定存在必然的因果联系。所以,我们在思考自然灾害和人类活动关系时,要辩证客观的认识,不要说一些偏颇过激的话,尤其不能相信世界末日论。
提到世界末日论,我对学生说:虽然我们不相信真的有世界末日这一说,但是持这种论调的组织或个人有一点值得我们去学习。那就是他们能找到许多印证世界末日的所谓证据,其实还有更多的权威证据能推翻他们的结论,但是他们不说。这就像我们写议论文,我们的观点确定后,一定要找能证明我们观点的论据,这样一来,即使你的观点偏颇,也会让人感觉你说的有理,因为你做到了自圆其说。
附:学生习作
灾难带给我们的珍惜
沈亚超
小沈阳有句经典的台词:眼一闭一睁,一天过去了;眼一闭不睁,一辈子就过去了。这句话精辟至极,人嘛,就是宇宙中普普通通生灵,无病无灾,也只有几十年的寿命。如果遇到地震海啸等自然灾害,人类就变成庄子笔下的蟪蛄,朝生暮死。在暴怒的自然面前,人类是何等的渺小。
但是,人类毕竟是人类,是万物灵长,是地球上唯一拥有思维的生物。一只狗死于灾难,其他狗该怎么活还怎么活,可是当一个人死于灾难后,幸存的人也许会想:如果灾难降临在我的身上,我会在最后一刻想些什么,我会不会后悔自己没有珍惜与亲人在一起的日子,我是不是后悔没有珍惜时间。不管想到什么,有一种感觉是真实的,那就是灾难会让我们的心变的柔软,经历过灾难的人才会真正懂得珍惜。
汶川大地震后,我们看到那么多失去父母的孤儿,流过泪后,我们懂得了珍惜与父母相处的时光;舟曲特大泥石流爆发后,我们知道了王伟,为之感动后,我们懂得了珍惜她(他);福岛核泄漏后我们看到了那么多无家可归的人,感慨万千后,我们懂的了珍惜现在的家
灾难无情的夺走了部分人所拥有的美好,却让幸存的人更加珍惜所拥有的美好。近年来,我们已经目睹了不少的大灾大难,在这种情况下,我们怎么还能不珍惜自己拥有的东西。
所以,朋友,请学会珍惜吧~珍惜你的父母吧,即使他们有些唠叨;珍惜你的老师吧,即使他们有些严厉;珍惜你的朋友吧,即使他们总爱捉弄你;珍惜你的屋子吧,即使它有些简陋;珍惜你的手表吧,即使它常常时间不准珍惜你所看到,所想到的一切吧~世事无常,吉凶难测,谁敢说明天自己一定能在地球上活蹦乱跳,无可奈何花落去。如果不珍惜,当花落下时,除了无可奈何,我们还能做什么,
从现在起,微笑地看着你周围的一切吧,想一想他们在你的人生中所留下的痕迹,想一想他们带给你的或甜蜜或苦涩的回忆。唯有此,我们才能学会珍惜;珍惜过,才不会留下太多的遗憾。
劝君怜惜眼前物,莫向东风怨别离~
灾害带给我们的思考
李涛
汶川震后,没有组织,没有口号,数千人在远在千里之外的天安门广场为灾区祈祷,随后人群就无法控制的出现了骚动,喊出了那句:汶川挺住,中国加油~那一场面让无数人留下了热泪,也就是在那一天,中国出现了自**逝世以来的又一次全国哀悼。这不仅仅是爱国热情的表达,更是民族热忱的井喷,人类共有的美好良知在灾难后展现的那样淋漓。这种自发的凝聚力和向心力是举办一百次奥运会都无法达到的。
灾害带给我们的成长
李雄飞
强大的人类在更为强大的自然面前是多么的脆弱,自然灾害就像玩偶般的把人类玩弄于股掌之间。但是人类并没有在残暴的大自然面前退缩,经历过灾难的人类,迈开大步,继续成长。
在灾难中,我们每一个人都会成长。汶川地震让我们每一个个体都长大了。我们真切地感受到自然的力量和人类的渺小。我们明白了灾难随时都可以降临到我们每一个人的头上,我们明白幸福
安定的日子并非牢不可摧。看着那么多有理想有追求的人就这样离去,我们这些幸存者应该思考些什么呢,我们要思考我们的为什么要活着,我们要思考我们怎样活着才有意义,我们学会了珍惜,我们学会了感恩,我们学会了奋进,我们真的在灾难中成长了。
在灾害中,我们的国家和民族成长了。汶川地震发生后,**总理当天下午就赶到灾区,在飞往灾区的飞机上召开会议,在灾区的瓦砾上,总理说:只要有百分之一的希望,我们就要尽百分百的努力。从温总理身上,我们看到了一个大国的担当,看到了中华民族的责任。2008年5月19日下午14点28分,就是汶川地震发生一周的那一刻,中华人民共和国以及所有的海外华人华侨集体默哀三分钟,那一刻,世界震惊了。这是中国首次为普通民众设立的国家哀悼日,那一刻,人被大写了,我们的民族成长了。
在灾害之中,我们人类成长了。无论是中国的汶川地震还是美洲的海地地震,无论是印尼海啸还是日本海啸,无论是大西洋的龙卷风还是太平洋的台风,无论是前苏联切尔诺贝利核泄漏,还是日本福岛第一核电站核泄漏,这些都是人类共同的灾难。在灾难面前,我们人类空前的团结,汶川废墟上有日本救援队的身影,海地地震淹没了中国维和部队的英灵,日本宫城县有中国大陆的救援车辆,印尼海啸后有世界各国的无偿救援。人类已经意识到,一切自然灾害是人类共同的灾难,一切恐怖袭击都是反人类的罪
恶行径。人类共同呼唤和平,人类一起塑造和谐。在我们共同的灾难面前,人类成长了。
经历灾害的人,会变得坚强起来,他懂得了珍惜;经过灾害的国家和民族,会变得负责和强大起来,因为自古多难兴邦;经过灾难的伟大人类,一定会携起手来,因为我们同住地球村,都是一家人。
灾害带给我们的思考
靳崇豪
地动山摇间,岿然不动的是那铭心的真爱。还在抱怨那太多的富二代么,那为灾区支撑起青山绿水的士兵、医生中就有许多的富二代;还在埋怨老师留下太多的家庭作业么,那楼塌的一瞬间,是他们用肩膀庇护了你的生命;还在不满父母的唠叨么,那生死之际让孩子幸免于难的必是父母的肉躯;还在为世上缺少真爱么,那就用灾难来证明:孩子,你不知道,我们有多么爱你。
作文八:《高级英语作文关于自然灾害》1100字
The Memory of 2008
In my life, to some extent, there is nothing bad happened to me and I’m very fortunately all the time. If pick something worse from my experiences, I think it is the memory of winter of 2008.
As we all know that 2008 is worth to remember because not only the Olympics Game, but also the heavy snowstorm.
In January,2008, almost half provinces in our country were struck by the largest snow disaster in the past fifty years. In many places, streets w ere blocked; houses fell down and supplies were short. Almost 100 millio n people in trouble.
Our party and government showed great concern to the local people. A lot of money and supplies were sent to snow struck places. Despite the extremely weather and great danger, the PLA men took an active part in t he struggle against the snow. They cleared away snow, sent supplies and r escued people in danger. They always appeared where they were most ne eded.
Through the whole nation's efforts, the translation returned to normal ; food and vegetables were supplied in time, and all the people in out cou ntry had a happy and meaningful spring festival.
作文九:《关于自然灾害的论文-车险自然灾害》14000字
精品文档
关于自然灾害的论文-车险自然灾害 《可怕的自然灾害》 活动准备:
1(搜集有关自然灾害方面的图片、文字资料,并进行分类。
2(通过调查访问,了解家乡曾经发生的重大自然灾害及其带来的损失,并写好调查笔记。
设计思路分析:
《可怕的自然灾害》是教科版品德与社会第五单元《大自然发怒的时候》第一个活动主题的第一个活动。因为自然灾害方面的知识离学生生活较远,加上自然灾害的发生有其地域性,所以我首先通过课件联系xx年发生在我国的雪灾和震灾,让学生了解自然灾害的巨大破坏性。让学生交流课前搜集的关于自然灾害的知识。以学生的活动、学生的视角、学生的自主学习去探索、发现、了解自然灾害。对自然灾害的特点、种类、危害有一种感性认识。
学生的状况分析:
学生生活在农村,对农村常发生的水、旱灾了解相对比较多。同时,xx年是一个灾害多发的年份,所以这届学生对灾害知识的了解也较往届的学生丰富。但是,由于我校是农村小学,学生接触的媒介有限,所以课前初探这一环节相对薄弱。为此,教师在这一环节要为学生准备好供学生查阅的资料。
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精品文档
活动过程:
一、课前初探
课前让学生通过各种媒介,了解我国自然灾害情况,并对相关资料进行分类。为学习《可怕的自然灾害》做好充分准备。
二、课中探究
1(汇报展示、合作探究:
创设情境,导入新课
播放xx年我国自然灾害的课件:从年初的雪灾,到四川汶川地震。请学生看后谈谈自己的感受。
师:是啊,多么可怕的自然灾害。灾害一旦发生,人类的家园可能在瞬间被毁灭,生命可能被无情地夺走??
展示图片,认识灾害
师:课前大家搜集了表现各类自然灾害的图片,并做成了剪报或者手抄报,下面我们就来举行一个“灾害图片展”。
学生展示图片,作简单的介绍。
设计图标,了解灾害
?师:刚才我们了解了这么多可怕的自然灾害,不同的灾害有不同的特征,下面我们仿照教科书第71页的图例给这些灾害画画像吧~
?教师示范图例。教师画一幅太阳照射着大地,大地都干裂了的图,并告诉学生这表示“干旱”。教师给图编一首
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顺口溜:太阳高高挂,滴雨也不下,大地快冒火,渴坏了庄稼。
?学生准备,教师巡视指导。
?学生交流,展示。
2(感悟深化,提升认识
小小主播,讲述灾害
?教师:课前很多同学不仅搜集了自然灾害的图片,还了解了许多发生过的自然灾害,下面就进入我们的“新闻会客厅”,由小主播们播报新闻。
?学生分全球新闻、国内新闻、地方新闻进行播报。
学生1:大家好,下面播报全球新闻。xx年12月26日,印度洋发生8(9级地震,并引发大海啸,给沿岸各国造成巨大的人员伤亡和财产损失,该地区在海啸中的遇难者总人数超过了25万人。
学生2:大家好,下面播报国内新闻。xx年5月12日,我国四川汶川发生地震。据民政部报告,截至6月14日12时,四川汶川地震已造成69170人遇难, 374159人受伤,失踪17428人。直接经济损失高达近万亿元人民币,间接经济损失不可估计。
学生3:接下来请听地方新闻。据沂蒙生活报报道:xx年我市遭受了百年不遇的特大干旱,至今降水总量不足往年
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同期的30,,全市有万亩农作物受灾,其中重旱面积万亩,绝产达80万亩,造成的经济损失十分罕见。
交流汇报,直面灾害
展示调查表,交流近年来发生过的自然灾害给家乡人民带来了哪些损失。仿照教科书第73页的学生作品写一写、画一画,制作“灾害记忆卡”,说说自己印象最深的一个故事片段。
3(生成问题,拓展延伸
学生谈一谈了解这些自然灾害后的感受。
组织学生讨论这些自然灾害发生的原因,注意引导学生分析哪些是无法避免的,哪些是人为的。对于前者我们要努力建立预警机制,防患于未然,对于后者,我们更要反思人类自身的行为,懂得遵循自然规律,保护生态环境,与大自然和谐相处。
三、课后实践
教师:我们用不同的方式记住这些灾害,只愿灾害不再重现,悲剧不再重演。面对灾害,人类做了些什么,我们还可以做些什么,同学们课外可以找一找相关资料,下节课大家一起来交流。
教学反思:
这节课中我力争以学生的自主学习去探索、发现、了解自然灾害;对自然灾害的特点、种类、危害有一种感性认识。
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在实际课堂中,由于学生对自然灾害的了解不够全面,所以在课堂上,学生的介绍仅仅停留在雪灾、地震、水灾、旱灾等方面,对于其他灾害了解得太少。这一点在以后学习中要注意,教会学生搜集资料时注意广度。另外个别学生对课堂的参与度不是很高。这一点也需要在今后的学习中改善。 为未网站-为中国教育加油
教学目标:
?初步了解常见自然灾害的特点及其危害,认识大自然有不可抗拒的一面。
?学会用调查访问等方法搜集资料,学会归纳整理资料。
?了解我国曾经发生的重大自然灾害。
?通过调查访问,了解家乡曾经发生的重大自然灾害及其带来的损失,并写好调查笔记。 教学准备:
搜集有关自然灾害方面的图片、文字资料。
教学过程:
一、创设情境,感受灾害
?播放各类自然灾害的声响:如狂风呼啸声、打雷声、暴雨声、房屋倒塌声、人们的呼救声等。学生听后发挥想像,猜猜发生了什么事情,并描绘发生的情景。
?小结:是啊,多么可怕的自然灾害。灾害一旦发生,人类的家园可能在瞬间被毁灭,生命可能被无情地夺走??
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二、展示图片,认识灾害
?教师:课前大家搜集了表现各类自然灾害的图片,并做成了剪报或幻灯片,下面我们就来举行一个“灾害图片展”。
?学生展示图片,作简单的介绍。
三、设计图标,了解灾害
?教师示范图例。教师画一幅太阳照射着大地,大地都干裂了的图,并告诉学生这表示“干旱”。教师给图编一首顺口溜:太阳高高挂,滴雨也不下,大地快冒火,渴坏了庄稼。 ?学生准备,教师巡视指导。
?学生交流,展示。
四、小小主播,讲述灾害
?教师:课前很多同学不仅搜集了自然灾害的图片,还了解了许多发生过的自然灾害,下面就进入我们的“新闻会客厅”,由小主播们播报新闻。
?学生分全球新闻、国内新闻、地方新闻进行播报。
五、交流汇报,直面灾害
展示调查表,交流近年来发生过的自然灾害给家乡人民带来了哪些损失。仿照教科书第73页的学生作品写一写、画一画,制作“灾害记忆卡”,说说自己印象最深的一个故事片段。
六、拓展讨论,深入思考
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?学生谈一谈了解这些自然灾害后的感受。
?组织学生讨论这些自然灾害发生的原因,注意引导学生分析哪些是无法避免的,哪些是人为的,对于前者我们要努力建立预警机制,防患于未然,对于后者,我们更要反思自己的行为,懂得遵循自然规律,保护生态环境,和大自然和谐相处。
3(我们用不同的方式记住这些灾害,只愿灾害不再重现,悲剧不再重演。面对灾害,人类做了些什么,我们还可以做些什么,同学们课外可以找一找相关资料,下节课大家一起来交流。
关于自然灾害的论文有关自然灾害的论文 第25卷第4期2016年12月
灾害学
JOURNALOFCATASTROPHOLOGY
自然灾害社会易损性评价指标体系框架的构建
郭
1
跃,朱
222
芳,赵卫权,王海军,高
*
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凯
2
摘
要:按照我们对社会易损性构成的认识,从区域人口易损系统、区域社会结构易损系统和区域社会文化易损
系统三方面构建了自然灾害社会易损性评价指标体系。这个指标体系是由一个内部层次分明、逻辑结构清晰的9个指数和39个指标要素构成的框架。该评价体系可以作为政府管理部门和社会公众认识自然灾害的社会属性的科学依据,也是减灾防灾的重要工具。
关键词:自然灾害;社会易损性;评价;指标体系中图分类号:X43
文献标识码:A
文章编号:1000,811X04,0068,05
0引言
产能力、社会结构和秩序、资源和生态环境等方面的损失,这种损失既是社会个体的损失,也是社会整体的损失。在这一过程中造成社会秩序的混乱,社会功能暂时或局部的缺失,社会财富和价值的损失。社会易损性的问题涉及到区域人口、社会结构和社会文化等方面的问题,是一个复杂的多种因素相互影响的整体。因此,在建立灾害易损性评价体系时应遵循以下原则。
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科学性原则:科学性是任何指标体系建立的重要原则。自然灾害社会易损性指标体系应建立在科学的基础上,指标概念的内涵和外延要明确,统计方法要规范,能够度量和反映区域自然灾害社会易损性状况、基本特征及其区域社会背景。
可比性原则:指标的选择应涵义明确,选取的指标应是共性的指标,既便于横向比较,又便于纵向比较。
分层性原则:影响灾害社会易损性的因子众多,要结合当地的实际情况把指标按照不同属性和作用分层,且要层次清晰,能够清楚地反映体系的层次结构。各指标之间既相互区别又互有联系,层层深入形成一个综合评价系统。
独立性原则:灾害社会易损性的影响因子之间相互影响、共同作用,所以要减少指标在概念和外延上的重叠、统计上的相关。选择独立性强,代表性和贡献最大的较少评价指标群。
可操作性原则:由于需要对采集的数据进行操作和评价,数据量又比较大,所以评价指标体
自然灾害是自然界与人类社会经济系统相互作用的产物,它伴随着人类的产生而产生,伴随着人口增长、科技与社会进步以及人类对自然资源利用广度和深度的变化而变化。人们很容易把自然灾害看成是单纯的自然事件来研究,而忽视了灾害作用的具体社会背景。大量灾害事实表明,物
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质实力的增强和科技手段的提高并没有完全解决灾害问题。对于灾害的认识我们有理由把关注
,1,3,
。的焦点更多地放在人类社会本身的易损性上
为了客观地认识区域的社会易损性,正确评
价区域社会易损性的状态,非常有必要从确定或影响自然灾害的区域社会易损性的要素中,选取一些具有标示性意义的定量化信息作为评价的指标,也只有准确地选择指标才能够真实反映区域社会易损性的本质和特征,因此,评价指标的拟定对区域自然灾害社会易损性评价、计算,以及科学合理地构建防灾减灾体系有着重要的指导意义。
1评价指标选取的原则
社会易损性就是潜在的自然灾害可能对人类社会造成的损毁程度,它涉及到人们的生命财产、健康状况、生存条件以及社会物质财富、社会生
*
收稿日期:2016,03,30
基金项目:国家社会科学基金项目
mail:gy@作者简介:郭跃,江苏丰县人,教授,主要从事资源和环境灾害研究.E-
系也要强调可操作性原则。所选用的评价指标也要能客观反映当地的实际,能够取得准确的数据,确保测算结果的
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真实可信。
同向性原则:同向性是指各个指标在反映社会、经济、科技发展的程度时,其数值的大小与易损性大小的评价方法上是相同的。一般来说在具体选择中要求都以正指标或逆指标组成,避免不同向指标在同一问题的应用时,因方向的不同而相互抵消,混淆了事物本质特征的反映。即使在实践中出现了正、逆指标同时出现在一个评价指标体系中,我们也采用标准化的方式将其转换为同向的指标来进行评价。
根据这些原则,采用层层分解的方法,将指标逐次细化,经过分析确定出区域社会易损性指标评价体系。
2灾害社会易损性指标体系的设计
灾害易损性系统评价结果的科学性有赖于评价指标体系的科学性,灾害易损性指标体系评价要注意以下问题。
指标组成的内部层次分明、逻辑结构清晰、合理,它直接反映体系对象的系统性。
逻辑结构具有最大的兼容性,能适用于各种自然灾害和中国现实社会结构。
表达方式要有利于描述目的实现和体系功能的发挥。
具有理论依据或统计规律的权重分配、评分度量和排序规则。
自然灾害社会易损性的指标体系是一个内部层次分明、逻辑结构清晰的定量式框架,依据相应指标的表现和位置,
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既可以分析、比较、判断和评价特定区域自然灾害的社会易损状况,也可以模拟区域自然灾害的社会易损性的历史过程。它应当成为政府管理部门和社会公众认识自然灾害的社会属性的科学依据,也应是减灾防灾的重要工具。
区域自然灾害社会易损性评价的指标体系,分为目标层、系统层、状态层和要素层4个等级。目标层:将表达区域自然灾害社会易损性的基本状况和综合特征。系统层:以自然灾害社会易损性的概念及其内涵为基础,主要表达影响社会易损性的社会因素内部的逻辑关系。状态层:系统内部能够反映系统行为的关系结构,这里用具有一定综合性的指数加以代表。要素层:采用可测
的、可比的、可以获得的指标,它们从本质上反映了系统状态的行为、关系的原因。
3
自然灾害社会易损性评价指标体系框架
按照我们对社会易损性构成的认识
,4,5,
,自
然灾害社会易损性评价指标体系由区域人口易损
系统、区域社会结构易损系统和区域社会文化易损系统三部分组成。区域人口易损系统
人是社会的主体,也是自然灾害的承灾体。由于人群自
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身的生理条件和生活生产条件的差异性,面对自然灾害的袭击而做出的反应和对灾害抵抗能力以及灾后的恢复能力都具有很大的差别,人口的易损性特征有很大差别。从灾害易损性的角度看,弱势人群和特殊职业的人群构成是区域灾害易损的主要方面。
弱势群体指数
从社会个体的角度来看,影响承灾能力的因素包括性别、身体健康状况、生活水平、年龄以及文化和认知水平等。从灾害易损角度,我们选取了以下指标。值得一提的是作为区域的社会统计指标,个体指标也在一定程度上反映区域社会的整体结构。
女性人员:女性从生理上来讲,要比男性体质弱,现代社会在不同职业领域,潜在地还存在着不公平的待遇;受中国传统思想的影响,女性在家庭和社会上的地位以及受教育程度都有不同程度的差距。有关研究显示,由于在灾害发生时,女性的抗灾救灾能力明显低于男性,是灾害易损的人群。
60岁以上人口:60岁以上可视为老年人,由于身体机能开始退化,他们是社会的弱势群体,也是灾害损伤的主要群体。
4岁以下儿童:儿童与老年人的情况相当,生存能力弱小,也属于弱势群体,是灾害最易伤害的人群。
城镇居民最低生活保障人数:城镇享受低保的人群也是
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这个地区中生存能力最弱的部分,所以人数越多说明该地区的整体生存能力越弱,越易损。
丧失劳动力人口:丧失劳动力人口是因为他们身体或者智力的缺陷使得他们在灾害发生时缺乏应对能力,也是灾害的弱势群体。
流动人口:流动人口的动态性使得他们对灾害的关注缺乏警惕,灾害的发生偶然性较大,所以流动人口遇到的伤害可能性也就较大,而且多数情况下,他们在灾害中缺乏必要的帮助,所以他们可视为灾害的弱势群体。易损职业指数
职业是目前我国最能体现一个人的社会地位的因素,在灾害条件下,职业的不同最能体现人们能获取资源的能力。另外,职业的不同造成人们特殊的工作环境和作息时间,这个要素对于人们面临的风险大小有很大差异。不同的职业具有不同的特点,有些职业和灾害的关系十分密切,例如野外工作人员、采矿人员、流动人员等在灾害状态下的反应能力较其他人弱,因此也属于易损的人群。
采矿业人数:采矿业是属于高危行业,灾害对其威胁极大,而且一旦遇灾害发生,受到的损毁就是严重的。
交通运输业人数:交通的流动性最大,受到灾害的影响也就较为严重。
建筑业从业人员:建筑业很容易受到灾害的影响,而且是经常性的,从而造成的损失也是不可忽视的。
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农业人口:农业人口的文化层次和信息量都比较有限,灾害发生时不能及时采取措施,从而造成易损。据有关研究表明,农业人口的生存能力相比非农业人口较弱,由于社会经济的发展水平限制,农业人口自身的条件提高受到很大的限制,所以,生存能力较弱就越易损。
区域社会结构易损系统
社会结构是社会要素的组成和联系方式,是社会机制正常运行的保证,也是社会生活中最复杂的内容,社会结构是否合理对灾害的易损性造成直接影响。不同的社会结构对灾害的应对和采取的措施也是不尽相同的,合理的社会结构抵御自然灾害的能力较强,能够最大限度地减轻灾害的损失,而混乱的、不合理的社会结构则会放大
灾害的作用,使其后果更加严重,6,
。
经济发展指数
经济发展是一切社会生活的基础和保障。也是社会防灾、救灾、灾后恢复等灾害应急能力的一种体现。而且人们对灾害的认识和了解也会随着经济发展的差异而有所不同。经济基础较好、发展快的地区对灾害的重视程度要远远高于经济落后、发展缓慢的地区,往往在比较偏远贫困的
地区,人们将灾害看成为天灾,非人类所能左右,这样以来就会主观地扩大灾害的损毁结果。区域经济发展状况对
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灾害的影响是重要的,同样的灾害状况发生在不同的地区造成的影响和灾后的状
况也是大不相同的,7,
。
人均地区国民生产总值:是衡量一个地区社会经济发展的一个最为重要的综合指标,它反映了一个地区社会经济的发展水平和发展阶段,也是体现一个地区承受抵御自然灾害的能力以及灾后恢复重建的能力。
建城区面积比例:是衡量一个区域开发和建设成果的重要指标,它体现了人们的社会经济活动的强度和社会财富。
基础设施、生命线工程投资:基础设施是一个地区经济发展的重要基础,也是衡量经济发展的重要支柱。
第三产业生产总值:第三产业是朝阳产业,代表了较为先进的经济发展方向,第三产业的产值越大,这个地区的社会经济就越发达,人们的思想也会更加开放,增加对灾害的关注度。区内路网密度:道路建设是经济发展的先决条件,道路通畅对于防灾减灾是非常重要的,也是紧急状态下社会保障的重要组成部分。社会资本指数
社会资本对于社会经济发展、强化社会网络关系、形成社会的自助互助,特别是灾害发生时
的及时救助,具有积极的意义,8,
。
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地方财政收入:反映区域社会的基本财政情
况,如果这一指标越高说明社会资本越丰富,对灾害的抵抗能力越强,对灾害的反应速度提高的可能性越高。
农村居民人均收入:反映农村居民的收入水平,收入越高,在极端条件下,对灾害的抵抗性就会越强。
在岗职工人均收入:反映城镇居民的收入水平,收入越高,在极端条件下,对灾害的抵抗性就会越强。
城乡居民储蓄余额:反映了社会闲置的资本,城乡居民储蓄余额越多,表明社会民间资本充足,社会抵御灾害的能力较强。社会组织指数
社会组织是社会有效管理和运行的基础,也是社会和人们抵御自然灾害依赖的基础。组织健全、结构合理的社会可以确保社会物质流、信息流畅通,可以高效地防治和抵御自然灾害。
公共管理和社会组织人员:灾害状态下出现的混乱局面,需要有人进行管理和组织,更需要有人进行引导减灾救灾,从而减少灾害的损失。
人均公共事业财政支出:反映政府对基础设施的投资力度,也反映社区的抗灾能力。
城镇社区服务设施数量:是衡量一个城镇社会服务条件的指标,也是居民生存条件的一个重要方面。
社会保障指数
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社会保障是对社会成员特别是生活有特殊困难的人们的基本生活权利给予保障的社会安全制度,它对社会公平的维护和促进社会稳定发展具有重要意义。社会保障是体现社会结构状况的一个重要方面,也是社会文明进步的重要标志之一。灾害发生时,社会保障是社会的自我救助和自我恢复的基本保证。从社会救灾角度,在设计社会保障指数时,我们考虑了社会福利收养单位、医疗卫生机构数和每万人的卫生技术人员等三个因素。
社会福利收养单位:反映区域弱势群体的救助条件和生活条件。
医疗卫生机构数:该项指标是灾害发生时救助能力的一个指标,也是重要的社会保障基础设施。
每万人的卫生技术人员:卫生技术人员是指在自然灾害发生时,对受伤人员的救护作用,该指标数量越大那么这种救护能力就越强,反之则越弱。
社会安全指数
该指数主要反映社会的安全状况,保障灾害状态下人们能够安全地进行生产生活。包括社会治安状况、居民住房状况、家庭变异状况、人员就业状况等。
2人以下户数比例:根据社会互助理论,在一个单元内,成员数量越多得到的帮助也就越多,灾害发生时,家庭成员之间的相互帮助是至关重要的。
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离婚率:家庭不和是一个重要的社会安全隐患,它是社会冲突的反应,离婚率给很多家庭造成伤害,而社会就是由很多的家庭组成,所以离婚是影响社会安全的一个很重要问题。
城乡收入水平差异:城乡收入水平差异也是一个很明显的社会分层现象,人们的收入水平差异直接对人们的心态造成影响,如果心态发生偏差,就会使人误入歧途,从而威胁社会安全。
失业人口:失业人口是社会物质财富缺乏的群体,他们在灾害发生时亦属弱势群体,也是社会潜在的不安定因素。
危旧房面积:危旧房屋是灾害最容易损毁的建筑,包括年老未修的城镇建筑、危旧的居民楼房、木制结构房屋等。
万人刑事案件立案率:社会违法事件是直接影响社会安全的行为,尤其是在灾害状态下,人们更需要稳定安全的社会环境。区域文化易损系统
文化差异直接影响人们对待灾害的不同态度,从而产生不同的结果。文化的差异是人们接受教育、以及民族信仰的不同造成的,也是人们长期经验积累的结果。本文所述文化主要包括社会的文明程度和灾害文化,文明程度是人们接受教育和文化发展的直接体现,灾害文化就是决定一个特定范围内的社会团体防灾和减灾水平的知识和各级社会组织所制定的规章制度、社会准则和
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措施,9,
。
社会文明指数
该类指标主要从社会和灾害的角度出发,文明程度也是依对灾害的影响而划分。人们对灾害的认识是随着社会的不断进步而逐步加深的,也是随着社会文明的程度而不断变化的。社会文明程度越高,对灾害的认识就越深,灾害的易损就越小。
大学学历人数比例:大学生代表着现代文明的前沿,也是现代文明的推动力量。
在校学生人数比例:在校学生人数是教育质量的一个衡量标准,从而也是社会文明的一个衡量标准。
文盲比例:识字率是社会科学文化的代表,只有识字才能更好掌握科学文化,也才能更好地推动社会的文明进程;相反,文盲则是社会文明的落后群体,他们属于文化的落后群体。
广播电视覆盖率:广播电视是社会文化宣传的一种方式,通过这些手段可以使得人们能了解更多的科学文化,从而推动社会文明进步,也是灾害知识的一个宣传途径。
灾害文化指数
该项指数主要根据人们对灾害的了解和认识程度的不同而划分的,主要取决于人们对灾害的
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经历或者对灾害的认识,10,
。
单位职工人数:企业职工在企业的组织和管
理下,文化素养、组织行为和灾害意识都会有一定提升。面对灾害时,企业的职工比一般社会成
员的灾害应急能力要强。
灾害发生频率:在灾害发生频繁的地区,人们对灾害就很了解,知道怎样去防灾减灾;相反,如果从来没有遇到过灾害,那么灾害一旦发生,就会造成一种紧张的气氛,如果措施不当,后果就会很严重。
科普宣传投入:科普宣传主要是对人们进行科学的防灾、减灾和救灾知识的培训,使人们在灾害发生的时候采取正确的措施,从而减轻灾害的损毁程度。
少数民族人口比例:少数民族有自己的文化、传统以及生活方式,总体而言少数民族集聚的地方发展缓慢,对科学的接受也慢,而且很有限,所以,灾害发生时缺乏科学的措施和有力的社会保障,灾害中他们也是易损的。
为科学分析各地灾害的社会易损性原因及变化趋势,有针对性地制定政策措施提供了可靠的参考依据。
参考文献:
,1,CunyFC(Disastersanddevelopment,M,(NewYork:Oxford
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UniversityPress,1983(
,2,VarleyA(Theexceptionalandtheeveryday:Vulnerabilityanaly-sisintheinternationaldecadeforna
turaldisasterreduction,M,//AnnVarley(Disasters,DevelopmentandEnvironment(Chiches-ter:JohnWiley,SonsLtd,1994:1,12(
,3,郭跃(灾害易损性研究的回顾与展望,J,(灾害学,xx,
20:92,96(
,4,郭跃(自然灾害的社会易损性及其影响因素研究,J,(灾害
学,2016,25:84,88(
,5,赵卫权(自然灾害社会易损性评价指标体系研究,D,(重
庆:重庆师范大学,xx(
,6,梁芳(地震的社会经济影响,J,(灾害学,xx,21:
110,113(
,7,郭跃(自然灾害的社会学分析,J,,灾害学,xx,23:
87,91(
,8,赵延东(社会资本与灾后恢复—一项自然灾害的
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社会学研究
,J,(社会学研究,xx:164,187(
,9,王子平(灾害社会学,M,(武汉:湖北人民出版
社,1998(,10,赵晓燕,丰继林,路鹏,等(试论灾害文
化在防灾减灾中的
J,(防灾科技学院学报,xx,10:126,129(作用,
4结语
灾害社会易损性评价指标体系揭示了社会潜
在的损失状态,反映了灾害的社会本质和特征,也反映
了人类社会自身条件对灾害的抵御能力、自救的能力、社会
组织的应急能力、社会恢复正常的能力。社会易损性评价体
系的建立,为评价不同地区灾害的社会易损性提供了参考工
具,也
ConstructionofFrameworkofEvaluationIndexSystemof
SocialVulnerabilitytoNaturalDisasters
GuoYue1,ZhuFang2,ZhaoWeiquan2,
WangHaijun2andGaoKai2
Abstract:
Basedonourunderstandingofsocialvulnerabilitytodisas
ter,
theauthorsbuildaframeworkofevaluationindexsystemoft
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hesocialvulnerabilitytonaturaldisaster,
fromaspectsofregionalpopulationvulnerablesystem,
socialstructurevulnerablesystemandsocialculturevulnerablesystem(Theevaluationsystem,
withdistincthierarchicalandlogicstructure,
consistsof9indexesand39indicatorsandcanbealsotakenasanimportantwaytorecognizesocialcharacteristicsofnaturaldisasters(
Keywords:naturaldisaster;socialvulnerability;
evaluation;indexsystem
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作文十:《关于环境灾害带来的反思的英语作文 300字》1800字
关于环境灾害带来的反思的英语作文 300字
Three years ago, a destructive earthquake attacked Sichuan, China, which rang the alarm for the ing disasters – the
typhoon in Taiwan, the earthquake in Qinghai, the volcano eruption in Iceland. These tragedies force us to acknowledge that we’re simply an atom struggling to live on in this planet, not conqueror. To see the big picture, we should consider more on how to adapt ourselves to the nature instead of modifying where we live.
Japan, known as a developed country in Asia, is also famous for its special location – right on the seismic belt. Over 10,000
times of earthquakes take place in this island country per year. What keeps this country from being simply destroyed? Science technology. After years of study, the Japanese has invented their own way to decrease their loss to the least when the land rocks. From this, we can see that to move up the
science-technological level plays a crucial part in our way to adapt to the nature.
Thousands of people die at the first moment the disaster es in reason of a lack of survival skills. Therefore, survival knowledge must be popularized before more death reappears. Moreover, we should build up a correct sense of life. The stories of the people who survived prove a fact that our body is fragile yet potential enough to fight against bad situations. Miracles do exist if we hold a will of iron towards our life.
Looking back, we’ve been suffering the tribulation that made by our own. Besides the fear and the awe to the nature, what strikes our heart most is the guiltiness for the destruction and the burden of not leaving this mess to the next generation.
Our children deserve a good surrounding as we all did. So, start
to remedy, though it seems quite tough. That’s the most we can
do, but also – the best we can do.
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