作文一:《英语手抄报素材》14900字
2012级?“编写手抄报?”实践活动计?划
具体要求:
1、以小组为单?位编写一份?8开8版的?英文手抄报?。
2、Front? page在?整版纸的右?上方;必须有刊头?,刊头下写明?Exhib?ition? of Pract?ice Cours?e (Dec., 2008 –Jan., 2009) by Team *, Class? **, Schoo?l of Forei?gn Studi?es, Hunan? Unive?rsity? of Scien?ce & Techn?ology?;
刊名自拟,还可自创标?志。
3、选编内容和?自创内容各?占一半,题材健康,图片、花边等不超?过版面的三?分之一。自创内容(文章末尾用?by ***,并在标题处?设计一标志?表明凡带有?此标志的文?章属自创作?品)与编选内容?(文章末尾用?from ***)各半;每个版面一?个主题,各栏目都应?围绕主题。 4、在报纸的合?适位置写明?Consu?ltati?ve Commi?ttee: Facul?ty of Major? (1), Schoo?l of Forei?gn Studi?es, Hunan? Unive?rsity? of Scien?ce & Techn?
ology?; Super?visor?: ***; Edito?r-in-chief?: ***; Edito?r:***; Desig?ner: ***; Membe?rs: ***,***。
I SEE 保护自然 L刘嫣作文? Natur?e
地震成因 自然灾害报?导
地震现象的?报导 自然现象成?因
I see the bread?-winne?r still? worki?ng hard under? the ferve?nt sun, soaki?ng with
sweat?. I see mothe?rs and wives? devot?ing thems?elves? fully? on the domes?tic chore?s, waiti?ng her husba?nd and child? back home. I see the child?ren playi?ng on the schoo?l groun?d, enjoy?ing thems?elves? total?ly in the care-free world? with naive? smile? on their? face. But I also see the concr?ete gigan?tic build?ings colla?psing? in the twink?le of eyes, only heari?ng the slam bang and seein?g the float?ing ashes? on the sky. I see the men
cryin?g for their? wives? and child?ren despe?ratel?y towar?ds the ruins?. I also see a large? crowd?s lying? on the groun?d, which? is float?ing with flood?.
The above? are the image?s I can imagi?ne befor?e and after? the earth?quake? about? Wench?uang earth?quake? in 2008.Actua?lly,our China? takes? place? more and more
natur?al disas?ters in recen?t years?, such as mudsl?ide, droug?ht, earth?quake?, flood?s and so on, throu?gh which? many peopl?e suffe?r a lot, both in mater?ial and in spiri?t aspec?ts.
So we shoul?d think? the urgen?t probl?em: why our China? suffe?rs more and more natur?al disas?ters in recen?t years?? Exces?sive defor?estat?ion, grazi?ng and explo?iting? resou?rces inord?inate?ly may be the reaso?ns, for many of us hold the conce?ption? that the natur?al resou?rces is endle?ss and human? being?s contr?ol the natur?e. And the facts? evide?nce that they are woefu?lly mista?ken, for natur?e begin?s reven?ging on the enemi?es-our human? being?s throu?gh his own ways.
There?fore, we shoul?d seat down and think? patie?ntly and calml?y how to deal with this urgen?t situa?tion, other?wise, we would? be respo?nsibl?e for the conse?quenc?es one day for what we have done to the natur?e. (By Chen Huany?a)
Rebui?lding? after? disas?ter
Three? years? ago on may 12, when Wen-chuan? was hell on earth? in the wake of the devas?tatin?g tremo?r, we saw tears? of despa?ir.
Amid the rubbl?e, 12 days after? the tremo?r flatt?ened Wench?uan, Premi?er Wen Jiaba?o told Unite?d Natio?ns Secre?tary-Gener?al Ban Ki-moon a new Wench?uan would? arise? in three? years?. We have now seen that honor?ed, and honor?ed well. Exact?ly three? years? later?, a rebor?n Wench?uan inspi?res rheto?ric about? "Chine?se self-confi?dence?". There? are good reaso?ns to be proud?. The near-pl?etion? of the rebui?lding? proce?ss in a matte?r of three? years? would? not have been possi?ble were it not for the count?ry's stron?g finan?cial posit?ion. Ac?modat?ing the hundr?eds of thous?ands of victi?ms alone? was a daunt?ing chall?enge, not to menti?on build?ing brand?-new towns?hips from scrat?ch. Effic?iency? is anoth?er thing? worth? bragg?ing about?. There? are no pa?rable? cases? in sight? when it es? to post-disas?ter rebui?lding?. All imper?ative? needs? appea?r to have been met. Bette?r still?, plent?y of thoug?ht seems? to have been given? to those? of tomor?row.
While? tappi?ng the const?ructi?ve poten?tials? of the mobil?izati?on mecha?nism, misus?e of publi?c funds? shoul?d be avoid?ed. Preci?sely becau?se of its effec?tiven?ess in achie?ving set goals?, infor?med decis?ions are essen?tial to make sure this power?ful tool is used only for worth?y cause?s and good gover?nance? with peopl?e's overs?ight is the only guara?ntee for infor?med decis?ions.
Exper?t From China? Daily? 05/13/2011
Prote?cting? Natur?e(保护自然)
China? has a very long and brill?iant histo?ry, whose? peopl?e are so frien?dly and hospi?table?. But I am wonde?ring why some peopl?e pay such littl?e atten?tion to the envir?onmen?t and natur?e. In many place?s of the count?rysid?e, river?s have be?e stink?ing sewer?s and brook?s have disap?peare?d. Heaps? of garba?ge obstr?ucts the scarc?e flow of dirty? water?. The groun?ds are litte?red with plast?ic bottl?es and bags. Peopl?e are cutti?ng down trees? even thoug?h it is illeg?al. In some towns?, rubbi?sh is hidde?n behin?d walls?. Garba?ge cans are often? of littl?e use, makin?g clean?ers must rush all day long and
also by night? to clean? the rubbi?sh.
To make thing?s worse?, as a resul?t of moder?nizat?ion, pollu?tion is a serio?us probl?em. Nowad?ays we often? breat?he the dusty? air and drink? the dirty? water?. What's more, we alway?s suffe?r from the noise? and the heavy? light? pollu?tion. I'm reall?y tired? of this life. I want to chang?e it. If I have a chanc?e, I will get up early? to see the sunri?se, in order? to embra?ce our natur?e.
As far as I'm conce?rned, our natur?e is our mothe?r. She offer?s us every?thing? we want or need. If our natur?e disap?pears?, human?-being?s will be in great? dange?r. There?fore, we must love our natur?e uncon?ditio?nally?. Don't alway?s ask too much from her but retur?n her nothi?ng. Moreo?ver, as her sons and daugh?ters, we shoul?d alway?s appre?ciate? for her bount?y. (By Yin Kemin?)
An earth?quake? (also known? as a quake?, tremo?r or tembl?or) is the resul?t of a sudde?n relea?se of energ?y in the Earth?'s crust? that creat?es seism?ic waves?. The seism?icity?, seism?ism or seism?ic activ?ity of an area refer?s to the frequ?ency, type and size of earth?quake?s exper?ience?d over a perio?d of time.
At the Earth?'s surfa?ce, earth?quake?s manif?est thems?elves? by shaki?ng and somet?imes displ?aceme?nt of the groun?d. When the epice?nter of a large? earth?quake? is locat?ed offsh?ore, the seabe?d may be displ?aced suffi?cient?ly to cause? a tsuna?mi. Earth?quake?s can also trigg?er lands?lides?, and occas?ional?ly volca?nic activ?ity.
In its most gener?al sense?, the word earth?quake? is used to descr?ibe any seism?ic event? — wheth?er natur?al or cause?d by human?s — that gener?ates seism?ic waves?. Earth?quake?s are cause?d mostl?y by ruptu?re of geolo?gical? fault?s, but also by other? event?s such as volca?nic activ?ity, lands?lides?, mine blast?s, and nucle?ar tests?. An earth?quake?'s point? of initi?al ruptu?re is calle?d its focus? or hypoc?enter?. The epice?nter is the point? at groun?d level? direc?tly above? the hypoc?enter?. (From Wikip?edia )
Extra?tropi?cal Cyclo?nes(温带气旋)
Extra?tropi?cal cyclo?nes, somet?imes calle?d mid-latit?ude cyclo?nes, are a group? of cyclo?nes defin?ed as synop?tic scale? low press?ure weath?er syste?ms that occur? in the middl?e latit?udes of the Earth? (outsi?de the tropi?cs) not havin?g tropi?cal chara?cteri?stics?, and are conne?cted with front?s and horiz?ontal? gradi?ents in tempe?ratur?e and dew
point? other?wise known? as "baroc?linic? zones?". As with tropi?cal cyclo?nes, they are known? by diffe?rent names? in diffe?rent regio?ns. The most inten?se extra?tropi?cal cyclo?nes cause? wides?pread? disru?ption? and damag?e to socie?ty.. Heat waves?(热季狂潮)
A heat wave is a perio?d of unusu?ally and exces?sivel?y hot weath?er. The worst? heat wave in recen?t histo?ry was the Europ?ean Heat Wave of 2003. A summe?r heat wave in Victo?ria, Austr?alia, creat?ed condi?tions? which? fuell?ed the massi?ve bushf?ires in 2009. Melbo?urne exper?ience?d three? days in a row of tempe?ratur?es excee?ding 40?C (104?F) with some regio?nal areas? swelt?ering? throu?gh much highe?r tempe?ratur?es. The bushf?ires, colle?ctive?ly known? as "Black? Satur?day", were partl?y the act of arson?ists.Heat waves? can occur? in the ocean? as well as on land with signi?fican?t effec?ts (often? on a large? scale?). (From Wikip?edia )
Natur?e, in the broad?est sense?, is equiv?alent? to the natur?al, physi?cal, or mater?ial world? or unive?rse. "Natur?e" refer?s to the pheno?mena of the physi?cal world?, and also to life in gener?al. It range?s in scale? from the subat?omic to the cosmi?c.
Natur?e may refer? to the gener?al realm? of vario?us types? of livin?g plant?s and anima?ls, and in some cases? to the proce?sses assoc?iated? with inani?mate objec?ts – the way that parti?cular? types? of thing?s exist? and chang?e of their? own accor?d, such as the weath?er and geolo?gy of the Earth?, and the matte?r and energ?y of which? all these? thing?s are po?sed. It is often? taken? to mean the "natur?al envir?onmen?t" or wilde?rness?–wild anima?ls, rocks?, fores?t, beach?es, and in gener?al those? thing?s that have not been subst?antia?lly alter?ed by human? inter?venti?on, or which? persi?st despi?te human? inter?venti?on.
Previ?ously?, I lived? in the count?rysid?e where? the sun alway?s rose. Every? morni?ng, I got up early? to see the sunri?se. As the sun came out, trees?, flowe?rs, birds? and other?
anima?ls woke up from their? long sleep? and smile?d gentl?y towar?ds the sun. “What a glori?ous view!” I whisp?ered. But as I moved? to the city, I could? hardl?y see such a glori?ous view now. Nowad?ays, to make thing?s worse?, as a resul?t of moder?nizat?ion, pollu?tion is a serio?us probl?em. Nowad?ays we often? breat?he the dusty? air and drink?
the dirty? water?. Peopl?e quite? a lot of harm to the natur?e in order? to gain their? own profi?t. As a resul?t, we are gradu?ally recei?ving the earth?’s punis?hment?. Now we are lacki?ng of energ?y and facin?g envir?onmen?t probl?em. If I have a chanc?e, I will get up early? to see the sunri?se, in order? to embra?ce our natur?e. I eager?ly want to retur?n to our natur?e.
The natur?e, serve?s as the same role as water?, givin?g us every? indis?pensa?ble thing? that we need. Thing?s like the beaut?iful sunsh?ine, fresh? air, and other? abund?ant resou?
rces. We’re unabl?e to survi?ve witho?ut these?. And there?’s no need to be remin?
ded that we must learn? to live with the natur?e peace?fully? and harmo?nious?ly. The fact, howev?er, usual?ly turns? out to be exact? the oppos?
ite side. As we can see with our naked? eyes, the air, the earth? and the water? have all been pollu?ted becau?se of the rapid? but irreg?ular devel?opmen?t of indus?tries?. So here es? the quest?ion: are we still? going? to live in a world? like this? Of cours?e not. Natur?e is somet?hing irrev?ersib?le, which? deser?ves our every? effor?
t to make frien?ds with. There?fore, we prote?ct it while? we use it, or on the dark side, we lose it. (By Liu Yan)
Rainb?ow彩虹
A rainb?ow is an optic?al and meteo?rolog?ical pheno?menon? that is cause?d by refle?ction?, refra?ction? and dispe?rsion? of light? in water? dropl?ets resul?ting in a spect?rum of light? appea?ring in the sky. It takes? the form of a multi?color?ed arc. Rainb?ows cause?d by sunli?ght alway?s appea?r in the secti?on of sky direc?tly oppos?ite the sun. In a "prima?ry rainb?ow", the arc shows? red on the outer? part and viole?t on the inner? side. This rainb?ow is cause?d by light? being? refra?cted (bent) when enter?ing a dropl?et of water?, then refle?cted insid?e on the back of the dropl?et and refra?cted again? when leavi?ng it.
In a doubl?e rainb?ow, a secon?d arc is seen outsi?de the prima?ry arc, and has the order? of its color?s rever?sed, red facin?g towar?d the other? one in both rainb?ows. This secon?d rainb?ow is cause?d by light? refle?cting? twice? insid?e water? dropl?ets. Thund?er
Thund?er is the sound? cause?d by light?ning. Depen?ding on the dista?nce and natur?e of the light?ning, thund?er can range? from a sharp?, loud crack? to a long, low rumbl?e (bront?ide). The sudde?n incre?ase in press?ure and tempe?ratur?e from light?ning produ?ces rapid? expan?sion of the air surro?undin?g and withi?n a bolt of light?ning. In turn, this expan?sion of air creat?es a sonic? shock? wave, simil?ar to a sonic? boom, which? produ?ces the sound? of thund?er, often? refer?red to as a clap, crack?, or peal of thund?er. The dista?nce of the light?ning can be calcu?lated? by the liste?ner based? on the time inter?val from when the light?ning is seen to when the sound? is heard?.The cause? of thund?er has been the subje?ct of centu?ries of specu?latio?n and scien?tific? inqui?ry. The first? recor?ded theor?y is attri?buted? to the Greek? philo?sophe?r Arist?otle in the third? centu?ry BC, and an early? specu?latio?n was that it was cause?d by the colli?sion of cloud?s. Subse?quent?ly, numer?ous other? theor?ies were propo?sed. By the mid-19th centu?ry, the accep?ted theor?y was that light?ning produ?ced a vacuu?m. (From Wikip?edia )
Some of the most signi?fican?t earth?quake?s in recen?t times? inclu?de: , The 2004 India?n Ocean? earth?, the thirdquake?? large?st earth?quake? recor?ded in
histo?ry, regis?terin?g a momen?t magni of 9.1-9.3. The ?tude
huge tsuna?mis trigg?ered by this earth?quake? kille?d at least? 229,000 peopl?e. , The 2011 Tōhok?u earth?quake? and tsuna?mi regis?tered? a momen?t magni of ?tude
9.0. The earth?quake? and tsuna?mi kille?d 15,889 and injur?ed 6,152. 2,609 were
still? missi?ng as of 2014.
, The 8.8 magni?tude Febru?ary 27, 2010 Chile? earth? and tsunaquake??mi cost 525
lives?.
, The 7.9 magni?tude May 12, 2008 Sichu?an earth? in Sichuquake??an Provi?nce,
China?. Death? toll at over 61,150 as of May 27, 2008.
Some of the most notab?le flood?s inclu?de:
, The 2000 Mozam?bique? flood cover??ed much of the count?ry for three? weeks?,
resul?ting in thous?ands of death?s, and leavi?ng the count?ry devas?tated? for years?
after?ward.
, The 2005 Mumba?i flood which?s? kille?d 1094 peopl?e
, The 2010 Pakis?tan flood direc?s?tly affec?ted about? 20 milli?on peopl?e, mostl?y by
dispo?lacem?ent, destr?uctio?n of crops?, infra?struc?ture, prope?rty and livel?ihood?,
with a death? toll of close? to 2,000.
Well-known? histo?rical? droug inclu??htsde:
, In 2006, Sichu?an Provi?nce China? exper?ience?d its worst? droug?ht in moder?n
times? with nearl?y 8 milli?on peopl?e and over 7 milli?on cattl?e facin?g water?
short?ages.
12-year droug?ht that was devas?tatin?g south?west Weste?rn Austr?alia, south?east
South? Austr?alia, Victo?ria and north?ern Tasma?nia was "very sever?e and
witho?ut histo?rical? prece?dent".
In 2011, the State? of Texas lived?? under? a droug?ht emerg?ency decla?ratio?n for
the entir?e calen?dar year. The droug?ht cause?d the Bastr fires? ?.op
(From Wikip?edia )
作文二:《端午节英语手抄报素材》3500字
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欢。
? 风俗习惯
Dragon Boat race
Traditions At the center of this festival are the dragon boat races. Competing teams drive their colorful dragon boats forward to the rhythm of beating drums. These exciting races were inspired by the villager's valiant attempts to rescue Chu Yuan from the Mi Lo river. This tradition has remained unbroken for centuries.
Tng T
A very popular dish during the Dragon Boat festival is tng t. This tasty dish consists of rice dumplings with meat, peanut, egg yolk, or other fillings wrapped in bamboo leaves. The tradition of tng t is meant to remind us of the village fishermen scattering rice across the water of the Mi Low river in order to appease the river dragons so that they would not devour Chu Yuan.
Ay Taso
The time of year of the Dragon Boat Festival, the fifth lunar moon, has more significance than just the story of Chu Yuan. Many Chinese consider this time of year an especially dangerous time when extra efforts must be made to protect their family from illness. Families will hang various herbs, called Ay Tsao, on their door for protection. The drinking of realgar wine is thought to remove poisons from the body. Hsiang Bao are also worn. These sachets contain various fragrant medicinal herbs thought to protect the wearer from illness.
风俗习惯
端午节最重要的活动是龙舟竞赛,比赛的队伍在热烈的鼓声中划着他们多彩的龙舟前进。
这项活动的灵感是来自于当时汨罗江畔的居民,在江中划船救屈原,而这个传统也一直保持
了数个世纪。
在端午节时受欢迎的食物就是粽子,粽子是以米包着肉、花生、蛋黄及其它材料,再以竹
叶包裹。而粽子的传统则来由于汨罗江边的渔夫,将米丢入江中平息江中的蛟龙,希望他们
不要将屈原吃掉。
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农历的五月,也就是端午节的这个时节,对中国人而言,除了屈原的故事还有许多其它重
要的意义。许多中国人相信五月是一年中容易引发疾病的危险时节,因此必须有许多防备家
人生病的措施。许多家庭会将一种特别的植物-艾草挂在门口,作为保护之用,而人们也会
挂带香包,它是以含有多种香味的药用植物所做成,也可以保护人们远离疾病。
? 由来
The Dragon Boat Festival, also called Double Fifth Festival, is celebrated on the fifth day of the
fifth moon of the lunar calendar. It is one of the most important Chinese festivals, the other two
being the Autumn Moon Festival and Chinese New Ye
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作文三:《感恩节英语手抄报素材 》3000字
感恩节英语手抄报素材
ThanksgivingDayisthemosttrulyAmericanofthenationalHolidaysintheUnitedStatesandismostcloselyconnectedwiththeearliesthistoryofthecountry.In1620,thesettlers,orPilgrims,theysailedtoAmericaontheMayflower,seeki陀ngaplacewheretheyc ouldhavefreedomofw宦
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LikeChin龆a’sSpringFestival,揍preparingabigmeala泗ndbringingthefamil结ytogetherathomeisaɑlong-standingtradi箍tionofThanksgiving .Distancesdon’trea冠llymatterasrelativ esreturnhometobewi注ththeirfamily,noma咤tterhowfaraway.
恩节的悠和中懒国的春节一样,准备大餐和举家团聚是感胄久传统。距离不是问题,无论多利远,亲人们都会赶回家与家人团聚。
U ndoubtedly,turkeyi sthemaincourseofTh场anksgivingdinner.T厂houghthereisnoevid阑encetoprovethattur煽keywaseatenduringt藏hefirstThanksgivin近gdinner,mostagreet韵hatthedinnerwouldb einpletewithout汨it.Asurveyconducte魉dbytheUS’NationalT壬urkeyFederationin2敢017showsthat91perc疯entofAmericanseatt澡urkeyandmorethan30迸6millionkilogramso桉fturkeyareconsumed吞
onThanksgivingDay.
毫无疑问,火鸡是这顿节日大餐的重头戏我。尽管尚无证据表明第一顿感恩节的餐桌坼上是否有火鸡的踪影,但大多数人都赞同龈没有火鸡的感恩节大餐是不完整的。根据狃美国国家火鸡联盟2017年的调查数据斓显示,在感恩节这一天,91%的美国家,庭都会享用火鸡,总量超过亿公斤。
O咩therdishestypicall埒yfoundondinnertabl陕esinalmosteveryhou番searepumpkinpies,c挹orn,fallvegetables蹲,olives,cranberrys榕auce,stuffingandma脾shedpotatoes.Atthe锢meal,manyfamilieso慨bservetheritualoft狭akingturnstoexpres竞swhateachmemberist瑛hankfulfor.
家家户户餐桌疗上常见的菜品还有南瓜派、玉米、秋季时航令蔬菜、橄榄、蔓越莓果酱、火鸡填料和钡土豆泥。餐桌上,很多家庭会遵守一项惯 例:轮流向每位家庭成员表达感谢。
1;.感恩节英语手抄报素材
2.关于感恩庞节英语手抄报
3.感恩节英文手抄报资增料
4.感恩节活动主题名称
5.小学渠感恩节活动方案 6.幼儿园感恩节活动腆总结 7.学校2017感恩节活动总结 年公路局春运工作总结 9.感恩教育霈课题研究报告 年感恩节活动策划流程
作文四:《英语手抄报素材奇闻趣事》6500字
The NBA has cance?lled the first? two weeks? of its regul?ar seaso?n after? team owner?s and playe?rs faile?d to reach? agree?ment on a new contr?act.
美国多支篮?球队业主和?队员未能就?新合同达成?协议,篮球协会因?此将常规赛?季前两周的?活动取消。
NBA playe?rs have been locke?d out since? the previ?ous colle?ctive? barga?ining? agree?ment expir?ed
on 1 July
All the baske?tball? leagu?e's sched?uled games? from 1 Novem?ber were affec?ted, said NBA mi?ssion?er David? Stern?.
Playe?rs and team owner?s could? not agree? on the share? of reven?ue given? to playe?rs - 57% under? the expir?ed deal - or the struc?ture of the salar?y cap.
Stern? said the two sides? were not even close? to agree?ment on many issue?s."Despi?te exten?sive effor?ts, we have not been able to reach? a new agree?ment with the playe?rs' union? that allow?s all 30 teams? to be able to pe?te for a champ?ionsh?ip while? fairl?y pe?nsati?ng our playe?rs,"
NBA deput?y mi?ssion?er Adam Silve?r said in a state?ment.
Repre?senta?tives? from the playe?rs' union? and the teams?' owner?s met on Monda?y for seven? hours? of talks?.
After?wards?, Stern? descr?ibed the two sides? as "very, very far apart? on virtu?ally all issue?s". No furth?er talks? have been sched?uled.
Owner?s "locke?d out" playe?rs on 1 July after? the old labou?r agree?ment expir?ed. Stern? said the leagu?e wante?d to reduc?e playe?rs' share? of reven?ue to 47% while? playe?rs propo?sed they get 53%. A 50-50 split? has been discu?ssed but not agree?d.
Also in dispu?te is the struc?ture of the salar?y cap and the lengt?h of playe?rs' contr ?acts.
A Chine?se vase from the early? Ming perio?d has been sold for $21.6m - a world? recor?d at aucti?on for any item of Ming porce?lain.
一件中国明?朝早期的花?瓶被拍卖出?2160万?美元——创下明朝任?何瓷器的拍?卖价之最。 The Ming vase belon?gs to a colle?ction? of Chine?se porce?lain gathe?red toget?her by Swiss? tycoo?ns. The vase, owned? by Swiss? tycoo?ns, was bough?t at Sothe?by's Hong Kong by an anony?mous telep?hone bidde?r.
The blue and white? Meipi?ng vase of fruit? spray?s is estim?ated to be at least? 500 years? old. The Sothe?by's Hong Kong sales? are seen as key indic?ators? of the stren?gth of the Asian? art marke?t. The vase achie?ved a recor?d price? despi?te conti?nuing econo?? globamic uncer?l?taint?y, but some other? major? lots faile?d to sell.
The vase is part of the Meiny?intan?g colle?ction?, Chine?se porce?lain(瓷器) which? has been broug?ht toget?her over nearl?y half a centu?ry by the Swiss? Zuell?ig broth?ers.
Porce?lain from China?'s Ming dynas?ty (1368-1644) is older? but often? less decor?ative?(装饰用的) and ornat?e(华丽的) than Qing (1644-1911) ware. In recen?t years? Ming porce?lain has been less in deman?d from mainl?and Chine?se buyer?s, meani?ng that its price?s have not reach?ed anywh?ere near those? of late Qing piece?s.
"I think? many peopl?e were worri?ed what would? happe?n befor?e the sales?," said Asian? art deale?r Nader? Rasti?.
"But I think? they did well consi?derin?g what's going? on...15th Centu?ry porce?lain has been so cheap? for so long, there?'s a lot of good Ming porce?lain that's still? under?value?d."
“非智能手机?”英文怎么说?,
Dumbp?hone is the oppos?ite of a smart? phone?. It gener?ally has lower? specs? than a smart? phone? in terms? of scree?n size, wirel?ess conne?ctivi?ty, stora?ge space? etc. Howev?er the criti?cal diffe?renti?ator is that there? is no devel?opmen?t envir?onmen?t that allow?s any third? party? appli?catio?ns to be insta?lled (other? than java midle?ts which? are very limit?ed). Manuf?actur?ers and netwo?rks call them 'featu?re phone?s'.
The 10 AFI movie?s of the year are: AFI 2010年?年度十佳电?影
"Black? Swan"
"The Fight?er"
"Incep?tion"
"The Kids Are All Right?"
"127 Hours?"
"The Socia?l Netwo?rk"
"The Town"
"Toy Story? 3"
"True Grit"
"Winte?r's Bone"
On the telev?ision? front?, the AFI TV progr?ams of the year are:
"The Big C"
"Board?walk Empir?e"
"Break?ing Bad"
"Glee"
"Mad Men"
"Moder?n Famil?y"
"The Pacif?ic"
"Templ?e Grand?in"
"30 Rock"
"The Walki?ng Dead"
Speci?al award?s t to "The King's Speec?h" and the docum?entar?y "Waiti?ng
for 'Super?man' "
The speci?al award?s are given? to achie?vemen?ts in the movin?g image? that don't fit into AFI's crite?ria for other? honor?s -- movie?s must be in a narra?tive ficti?on forma?t and have signi?fican?t creat?ive and or produ?ction? eleme?nts from the U.S.
The award?s are selec?ted by a jury made up of schol?ars, film and TV artis?ts, criti?cs and AFI trust?ees. Among? those? on the film jury were produ?cer Tom Pollo?ck, profe?ssor Jeani?ne Basin?ger, scree?nwrit?er Diabl?o Cody, AFI's Bob Gazza?le and histo?rian and criti?c Leona?rd Malti?n. The TV juror?s inclu?ded write?r-produ?cer Steve?n Bochc?o and produ?cer Richa?rd Frank?.
AFI will honor? the creat?ive ensem?bles at an invit?ation?-only lunch?eon Jan. 14 at the Four Seaso?ns Hotel?.
The ultra?-reali?stic repli?ca of your face
Now this is a gap in the marke?t no one had seen befor?e. Pluck?y Japan?ese start?-up Real-f offer?s you the chanc?e to `see yours?elf` as never? befor?e. 日本新兴企?业Real?-f公司日前?研发出仿真?人脸面具,大胆地填补?了这一市场?空白。拥有了自己?的“第二张脸”,你会发现从?未如此清晰?地“看过自己”。 For ?2,500 (yes, reall?y) - or $3,920 - the pa?ny takes? digit?al still?s of your face, then mould?s them over a 3D model? to creat?e a hard vinyl? chlor?ide `face`.
仿真面具价?格不菲,单价高达2?500(合英镑?3920?美元)。公司首先拍?摄顾客容貌?,之后在3D?模具上制作?出坚固的氯?乙烯“人脸”。
The resul?ting model? is calle?d a 3DPF - 3 Dimen?siona?l Photo? Form. If a face isn`t quite? enoug?h, then you can opt for a full head and shoul?ders.
制成的面具?称为三维仿?真面具(3DPF)。如果单单一?张仿真人脸?还不够,你还可以选?择制作从头?到肩膀的全?套面具。
The pa?ny descr?ibes its proce?ss as a `human? photo?copie?r`. 公司将这一?过程称之为?“人体印刷”。
Oddly?, it`s not the first? start?-up to offer? human? face masks? featu?ring your own face - but it`s by far the most reali?stic.
该公司并非?首家制作以?客户面貌为?原型的仿真?人脸面具的?公司,但目前来看?,这家公司所?作出的面具?最逼真。
Real-f claim?s you can disce?rn indiv?idual? blood?vesse?ls and irise?s in the model?s.
Real-f公司称,人们甚至可?以在3D面?具上看清每?根血管和眼?睛虹膜。” `We have progr?essed? from monoc?hrome? to colou?r, now is the era of the 3D
stere?oscop?ic effec?t,` it says.
公司称:“我们已经实?现了从单色?到彩色的跃?进,如今的时代?人们追求的?是立体效果?。”
to addre?ss is what the point? of it all might? The one thing? Real-f fails?
be - excep?t to sugge?st that you could? put the `head` model? (about? twice? the price? of a mask) on top of a manne?quin.
f公司没有?提到,制作仿真人?脸面具意义?何在,只是提出可?以把全套但Real?-
的?“人头”面具安装在?人体模型身?上。这种“人头”面具的价格?大约是普通?面具的两倍?。
Whate?ver you use them for, expec?t to wait two weeks? for deliv?ery. 但不管你拿?来做什么用?,制作和配送?都需要两周?时间。
作文五:《万圣节英语手抄报素材》4300字
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万圣节英语手抄报素材
万圣节的英文资料
Next to Christmas, Halloween is the most mercialized celebration in the United States and Canada. This ancient festival originated far from North America however, and centuries before the first European set foot on the continent.
The ancient Druids 督伊德教(古代高卢人与不列颠人的一种宗教)的教徒 who inhabited
what we now call Great Britain placed great importance on the passing of one season to the next, holding "Fire Festivals" which were celebrated for three days (two days on either side of the day itself).
One of these festivals was called Samhain (pronounced Sha-Von) and it took place on October 31 through to November 1. During this period, it was believed that the boundaries between our world and the world of the dead were weakened, allowing spirits of the recently dead to cross over and possess the living.
In order to make themselves and their homes less inviting to these wayward spirits, the ancient Celts(凯尔特人)would douse (插入水中, 把弄熄, 弄湿)all their fires. There was also a
secondary purpose to this, after extinguishing all their fires, they would re-light them from a mon source, the Druidic fire that was kept burning at Usinach, in the Middle of Ireland.
Samhain was considered to be a gateway not only from the land of the dead to the land of the living, but also between Summer and Fall/Winter. For the Druids, this was the last gasp (喘息, 气
喘)of summer (it was also the Celtic New Year), so therefore they made sure it t out with a
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bang before they had to button down (把...弄清楚)for the winter ahead.
They would dress up in bizarre costumes and parade through their villages causing destruction in order to scare off any recently departed souls who might be prowling (巡游)for bodies to
inhabit, in addition to burning animals and other offerings to the Druidic deities(神, 神性). It is
also a popular belief that they would burn people who they believed to be possessed, but this has largely been debunked (揭穿, 拆穿假面具,
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作文六:《感恩节英语手抄报素材》3400字
感恩节英语手抄报素材
感恩节英语手抄报素材2016-11-21浏览:分享人:许新梦手
机版
Thanksgiving Day is the most truly American of the national Holidays in the United States and is most closely connected with the earliest history of the country. In 1620, the settlers, or Pilgrims, they sailed to America on the May flower, seeking a place where they could have freedom of worship. After a tempestuous two-month voyage they landed at in icy November, what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts. During their first winter, over half of the settlers died of starvation or epidemics. Those who survived began sowing in the first spring. All summer long they waited for the harvests with great anxiety, knowing that their lives and the future existence of the colony depended on the ing harvest. Finally the fields produced a yield rich beyond expectations. And therefore it was decided that a day of thanksgiving to the Lord be fixed. Years later, President of the United States proclaimed the fourth Thursday of November as Thanksgiving Day
1 / 4
every year. The celebration of Thanksgiving Day has been observed on that date until today. The pattern of the Thanksgiving celebration has never changed through the years. The big family dinner is planned months ahead. On the dinner table, people will find apples, oranges, chestnuts, walnuts and grapes. There will be plum pudding, mince pie, other varieties of food and cranberry juice and squash. The best and most attractive among them are roast turkey and pumpkin pie. They have been the most traditional and favorite food on Thanksgiving Day throughout the years. Everyone agrees the dinner must be built around roast turkey stuffed with a bread dressing to absorb the tasty juices as it roasts. But as cooking varies with families and with the regions where one lives, it is not easy to get a consensus on the precise kind of stuffing for the royal bird. Thanksgiving today is, in every sense, a national annual holiday on which Americans of all faiths and backgrounds join in to express their thanks for the year' s bounty and reverently ask for continued blessings.
Like China’s Spring Festival, preparing a big meal
2 / 4
and bringing the family together at home is a long-standing tradition of Thanksgiving. Distances don’
t really matter as relatives return home to be with their family, no matter how far away.
和中国的春节一样~准备大餐和举家团聚是感恩节的悠
久传统。距离不是问题~无论多远~亲人们都会赶回家与家
人团聚。
Undoubtedly, turkey is the main course of Thanksgiving dinner. Though there is no evidence to prove that turkey was eaten during the first Thanksgiving dinner, most agree that the dinner would be inplete without it. A survey conducted by the US’
National Turkey Federation in 2016 shows that 91 percent of Americans eat turkey and more than 306 million kilograms of turkey are consumed on Thanksgiving Day.
毫无疑问~火鸡是这顿节日大餐的重头戏。尽管尚无证
据表明第一顿感恩节的餐桌上是否有火鸡的踪影~但大多数
人都赞同没有火鸡的感恩节大餐是不完整的。根据美国国家
火鸡联盟2016年的调查数据显示~在感恩节这一天~91%的
美国家庭都会享用火鸡~总量超过亿公斤。
Other dishes typically found on dinner tables in
3 / 4
almost every house are pumpkin pies, corn, fall vegetables, olives, cranberry sauce, stuffing and mashed potatoes. At the meal, many families observe the ritual of taking turns to express what each member is thankful for.
家家户户餐桌上常见的菜品还有南瓜派、玉米、秋季时
令蔬菜、橄榄、蔓越莓果酱、火鸡填料和土豆泥。餐桌上~
很多家庭会遵守一项惯例:轮流向每位家庭成员表达感谢。
1.感恩节英语手抄报素材
2.关于感恩节英语手抄报
3.感恩节英文手抄报资料
4.感恩节活动主题名称
5.小学感恩节活动方案
6.幼儿园感恩节活动总结
7.学校2016感恩节活动总结
年公路局春运工作总结
9.感恩教育课题研究报告
年感恩节活动策划流程
4 / 4
作文七:《英语手抄报素材 奇闻趣事》5900字
The NBA has cancelled the first two weeks of its regular season after team owners and players failed to reach agreement on a new contract.
美国多支篮球队业主和队员未能就新合同达成协议,篮球协会因此将常规赛季前两周的活动取消。
NBA players have been locked out since the previous collective bargaining agreement expired
on 1 July
All the basketball league's scheduled games from 1 November were affected, said NBA missioner David Stern.
Players and team owners could not agree on the share of revenue given to players - 57% under the expired deal - or the structure of the salary cap.
Stern said the two sides were not even close to agreement on many issues."Despite extensive efforts, we have not been able to reach a new agreement with the players' union that allows all 30 teams to be able to pete for a championship while fairly pensating our players,"
NBA deputy missioner Adam Silver said in a statement.
Representatives from the players' union and the teams' owners met on Monday for seven hours of talks.
Afterwards, Stern described the two sides as "very, very far apart on virtually all issues". No further talks have been scheduled.
Owners "locked out" players on 1 July after the old labour agreement expired.
Stern said the league wanted to reduce players' share of revenue to 47% while players proposed they get 53%. A 50-50 split has been discussed but not agreed.
Also in dispute is the structure of the salary cap and the length of players' contracts.
A Chinese vase from the early Ming period has been sold for $21.6m - a world record at auction for any item of Ming porcelain.
一件中国明朝早期的花瓶被拍卖出2160万美元——创下明朝任何瓷器的拍卖价之最。 The Ming vase belongs to a collection of Chinese porcelain gathered together by Swiss tycoons. The vase, owned by Swiss tycoons, was bought at Sotheby's Hong Kong by an anonymous telephone bidder.
The blue and white Meiping vase of fruit sprays is estimated to be at least 500 years old.
The Sotheby's Hong Kong sales are seen as key indicators of the strength of the Asian art market. The vase achieved a record price despite continuing economic uncertainty, but some other major lots failed to sell.
The vase is part of the Meinyintang collection, Chinese porcelain (瓷器) which has been brought together over nearly half a century by the Swiss Zuellig brothers.
Porcelain from China's Ming dynasty (1368-1644) is older but often less decorative (装饰用的) and ornate (华丽的) than Qing (1644-1911) ware.
In recent years Ming porcelain has been less in demand from mainland Chinese buyers, meaning that its prices have not reached anywhere near those of late Qing pieces.
"I think many were worried what would happen before the sales," said Asian art dealer Nader Rasti.
"But I think they did well considering what's going on...15th Century porcelain has been so cheap
for so long, there's a lot of good Ming porcelain that's still undervalued."
“非智能手机”英文怎么说?
Dumbphone is the opposite of a smart phone. It generally has lower specs than a smart phone in terms of screen size, wireless connectivity, storage space etc. However the critical differentiator is that there is no development environment that allows any third party applications to be installed (other than java midlets which are very limited). Manufacturers and networks call them 'feature phones'.
The 10 AFI movies of the year are: AFI 2010年年度十佳电影
"Black Swan"
"The Fighter"
"Inception"
"The Kids Are All Right"
"127 Hours"
"The Social Network"
"The Town"
"Toy Story 3"
"True Grit"
"Winter's Bone"
On the television front, the AFI TV programs of the year are:
"The Big C"
"Boardwalk Empire"
"Breaking Bad"
"Glee"
"Mad Men"
"Modern Family"
"The Pacific"
"Temple Grandin"
"30 Rock"
"The Walking Dead"
Special awards t to "The King's Speech" and the documentary "Waiting for 'Superman' "
The special awards are given to achievements in the moving image that
don't fit into AFI's criteria for other honors -- movies must be in a narrative fiction format and have significant creative and or production elements from the U.S.
The awards are selected by a jury made up of scholars, film and TV artists, critics and AFI trustees. Among those on the film jury were producer Tom Pollock, professor Jeanine Basinger, screenwriter Diablo Cody, AFI's Bob Gazzale and historian and critic Leonard Maltin. The TV jurors included writer-producer Steven Bochco and producer Richard Frank.
AFI will honor the creative ensembles at an invitation-only luncheon Jan. 14 at the Four Seasons Hotel.
The ultra-realistic replica of your face
Now this is a gap in the market no one had seen before. Plucky Japanese start-up Real-f offers you the chance to `see yourself` as never before. 日本新兴企业Real-f 公司日前研发出仿真人脸面具,大胆地填补了这一市场空白。拥有了自己的“第二张脸”,你会发现从未如此清晰地“看过自己”。 For £2,500 (yes, really) - or $3,920 - the pany takes digital stills of your face, then moulds them over a 3D model to create a hard vinyl chloride `face`.
仿真面具价格不菲,单价高达2500英镑(合3920美元)。公司首先拍摄顾客容貌,之后在3D 模具上制作出坚固的氯乙烯“人脸”。
The resulting model is called a 3DPF - 3 Dimensional Photo Form. If a face isn`t quite enough, then you can opt for a full head and shoulders.
制成的面具称为三维仿真面具(3DPF )。如果单单一张仿真人脸还不够,你还可以选择制作从头到肩膀的全套面具。
The pany describes its process as a `human photocopier`.
公司将这一过程称之为“人体印刷”。
Oddly, it`s not the first start-up to offer human face masks featuring your own face - but it`s by far the most realistic.
该公司并非首家制作以客户面貌为原型的仿真人脸面具的公司,但目前来看,这家公司所作出的面具最逼真。
Real-f claims you can discern individual bloodvessels and irises in the models.
Real-f 公司称,人们甚至可以在3D 面具上看清每根血管和眼睛虹膜。”
`We have progressed from monochrome to colour, now is the era of the 3D stereoscopic effect,` it says.
公司称:“我们已经实现了从单色到彩色的跃进,如今的时代人们追求的是立体效果。”
The one thing Real-f fails to address is what the point of it all might be - except to suggest that you could put the `head` model (about twice the price of a mask) on top of a mannequin.
但Real-f 公司没有提到,制作仿真人脸面具意义何在,只是提出可以把全套的“人头”面具安装在人体模型身上。这种“人头”面具的价格大约是普通面具的两倍。
Whatever you use them for, expect to wait two weeks for delivery. 但不管你拿来做什么用,制作和配送都需要两周时间。
作文八:《圣诞节英语手抄报素材》2800字
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考:
小笑话
One day a visitor from the city came to a small rural area to drive around the country roads, see how the farms looked, and perhaps to see how farmers earned their living. The city man saw a farmer in his yard, holding a pig up in his hands, and lifting it so that the pig could eat apples from an apple tree. The city man said to the farmer," I see that your pig likes apples, but isn"t that quite a waste of time?" The farmer replied," What"s time to a pig?"
一天,有一个城市里的游客来到一个小乡村,在乡间路上开着车,想看看农庄是什么样子,
也想看看农夫怎样种田过日子。这位城里人看见一位农夫在宅后的草地上,手中抱着一头猪,
并把它举得高高的,好让它能够吃到树上的苹果。城里人对农夫说,"我看你的猪挺喜欢吃
苹果的,但是,这不是很浪费时间吗?"那位农夫回答说,"时间对猪有什么意义?"
文章资料
For many people Christmas is a very special time of year. It is a time filled with magic - this is especially true for Children. The gifts and toys, of course, are a big part of it ......
but it is much more than that. Christmas means many different things to different people but in its essence Christmas is about sharing joy and love with those who are dear to you, and then reaching out with that love to the world. May you and your loved ones have a very Merry Christmas!.
对许多人而言圣诞节是一年中特别的季节,充满了神奇,尤其是孩子们。礼物和糖果当然
是其中最重要的一部份,但是还有很多其它的更有趣的事情。圣诞节对许多不同的人有不同
的意义,但是圣诞节最重要的意义其实是分享欢乐和爱给你所爱的人,并且将这份爱散播到
全世界。在圣诞季节里,祝福你及你所爱的人有一个美好的圣诞节~
愿你的圣诞充满温馨,祥和,与亲人团聚的快乐,祝圣诞快乐,新年乐无限。
在快乐的季节,带着梦幻,洋溢温馨的圣诞节。你可曾听见远方歌声不断,似要告诉你十
二月爱情的种种,和一段浓得化不开的眷恋。
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Is willing your Christmas to fill warmly, auspicious, reunites the joywith the family member, wishes the Christmas happy , new year ishappy infinite.
In the happy season, is bringing the illusion, brims with the warmChristmas day. You might once hear the distant place song unceasingly, resembled must tell you in December love all sorts, wasthick the attachment with a section.
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考研人必备的交流学习网站----考研辅助网 .5730.net
作文九:《感恩节英语手抄报素材》3900字
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感恩节英语手抄报素材
Thanksgiving Day is the most truly American of the national Holidays in the United States and is most closely connected with the earliest history of the country. In 1620, the settlers, or Pilgrims, they sailed to America on the May flower, seeking a place where they could have freedom of worship. After a tempestuous two-month voyage they landed at in icy November, what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts. During their first winter, over half of the settlers died of starvation or epidemics. Those who survived began sowing in the first spring. All summer long they waited for the harvests with great anxiety, knowing that their lives and the future existence of the colony depended on the ing harvest. Finally the fields produced a yield rich beyond expectations. And therefore it was decided that a day of thanksgiving to the Lord be fixed. Years later, President of the United States proclaimed the fourth Thursday of November as Thanksgiving Day every year. The celebration of Thanksgiving Day has been observed on that date until today. The pattern of the Thanksgiving celebration has never changed through
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the years. The big family dinner is planned months ahead. On the dinner table, people will find apples, oranges, chestnuts, walnuts and grapes. There will be plum pudding, mince pie, other varieties of food and cranberry juice and squash. The best and most attractive among them are roast turkey and pumpkin pie. They have been the most traditional and favorite food on Thanksgiving Day throughout the years. Everyone agrees the dinner must be built around roast turkey stuffed with a bread dressing to absorb the tasty juices as it roasts. But as cooking varies with families and with the regions where one lives, it is not easy to get a consensus on the precise kind of stuffing for the royal bird. Thanksgiving today is, in every sense, a national annual holiday on which Americans of all faiths and backgrounds join in to express their thanks for the year' s bounty and reverently ask for continued blessings.
Like China’s Spring Festival, preparing a big meal and bringing the family together at home is a long-standing tradition of Thanksgiving. Distances don’t really matter as relatives return home to be with
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their family, no matter how far away.
和中国的春节一样,准备大餐和举家团聚是感恩节的悠
久传统。距离不是问题,无论多远,亲人们都会赶回家与家
人团聚。
Undoubtedly, turkey is the main course of Thanksgiving dinner. Though there is no evidence to prove that turkey was eaten during the first Thanksgiving dinner, most agree that the dinner would be inplete without it. A survey conducted by the US’
National Turkey Federation in01shows that1 percent of Americans eat turkey and more than0million kilograms of turkey are consumed on Thanksgiving Day.
毫无疑问,火鸡是这顿节日大餐的重头戏。尽管尚无证
据表明第一顿感恩节的餐桌上是否有火鸡的踪影,但大多数
人都赞同没有火鸡的感恩节大餐是不完整的。根据美国国家
火鸡联盟2012年的调查数据显示,在感恩节这一天,91%的
美国家庭都会享用火鸡,总量超过3.06亿公斤。
Other dishes typically found on dinner tables in almost every house are pumpkin pies, corn, fall vegetables, olives, cranberry sauce, stuffing and mashed potatoes. At the meal, many families observe the ritual of taking turns to express what each member is
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thankful for.
家家户户餐桌上常见的菜品还有南瓜派、玉米、秋季时令蔬菜、橄榄、蔓越莓果酱、火鸡填料和土豆泥。餐桌上,很多家庭会遵守一项惯例:轮流向每位家庭成员表达感谢。
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谢 谢 阅 读~
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作文十:《元旦手抄报素材 圣诞节英语手抄报内容素材》3500字
元旦的起源
古代中国的元旦日,并非如今通用的“格列历”——公历的1月1日。从殷代定农历十二月初一为岁首,到汉代定在农历正月初一为岁首,曾有多次反反复复的改变。到民国时孙中山于1912年1月初在南京就任临时大总统时为“顺农时”、“便统计”,定农历正月初一为春节,改公历1月1日称为岁首“新年”,但仍称“元旦”。直到解放后政府颁布统一使用“全国年节和纪念日放假办法”,将公历1月1日规定为元旦节,并决定全国在此节放假一天。同时为区别农历和公历两个新年,又鉴于农历二十四个节气中的“立春”,恰在农历新年前后,因此改农历正月初一称为“春节”。
“元旦”的“元”,指开始,是第一的意思,凡数之始称为“元”;“旦”,象形字,上面的“日”代表太阳,下面的“一”代表地平线。“旦”即太阳从地平线上冉冉升起,象征一日的开始。人们把“元”和“旦”两个字结合起来,就引申为新年开始的第一天。元旦又称“三元”,即岁之元、月之元、时之元。元旦一词最早始于三皇五帝,唐房玄龄等人写的《晋书》上载:“颛
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帝以孟春正月为元,其时正朔元旦之春。”即把正月称为元,初一为旦。南朝梁人兰子云的《介雅》诗也云:”四气新元旦,万寿初今朝。”
还有个传说,是在4000多年前远古的尧舜盛世之时,尧天子在位时勤政于民为百姓办了很多好事,很受广大百姓爱戴,但因其子无才不太成器,他没把“天子”的皇位传给自己的儿子,而是传给了品德才能兼备的舜。尧对舜说:“你今后一定要把帝位传交好,待我死后也可安心瞑目了。”后来舜把帝位传给了治洪水有功的禹,禹亦像舜那样亲民爱民为百姓做了很多好事,都十分受人爱戴。后来人们把尧死后,舜帝祭祀天地和先帝尧的那一天,当作一年的开始之日,把正月初一称为“元旦”,或“元正”,这就是古代的元旦。历代皇朝都在元旦举行庆贺典仪祈祀等活动,如祭诸神祭先祖,写门对挂春联,书写福字、舞龙灯,民间也逐渐形成祭神佛、祭祖先、贴春联、放鞭炮、守岁、吃团圆饭以及众多的“社火”等娱乐欢庆活动。晋代诗人辛兰曾有《元正》诗:“元正启令节,嘉庆肇自兹。咸奏万年觞,小大同悦熙。”记述元旦庆贺情景。
在民国以后虽然定1月1日为新年,当时只有机关、学校以及外国经营的洋行大商号等才放假1天,老百姓并不承认,仍延承古时旧习以农历初一为新年,因此老北京的街市上与民间均没有什么欢庆活动。解放后将1月1日岁首改称为“元
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旦”节后,政府仍按照几千年来使用的农历历法按农时节令,在立春前后冬闲时期的“春节”放假三天,民间办“庙会”等欢庆,传承百姓的心愿和千百年的民俗。
元旦的含义
1、中国古代称新年第一天为“元旦”或元日、元长、元朔、元春,具体日期在西汉以前各不相同,西汉汉武帝太初元年,司马迁创“太初历”,以正月初一日为元旦,从此历代相沿,直至民国时期。
2、西历公元纪年法传入我国后,民国时期以西历元月一日为新年,1949年中国人民政治协商会议决议确立以西历元月一日为“元旦”,旧历年正月初一改称“春节”
“元”有始之意,“旦”指天明的时间,也通指白天。元旦,便是一年开始的第一天。“元旦”一词,最早出自南朝人萧子云《介雅》诗:“四气新元旦,万寿初今朝。”宋代吴自牧《梦梁录》卷一“正月”条目:“正月朔日,谓之元旦,俗呼为新年。一岁节序,此为之首。”;汉代崔瑗《三子钗茗》中叫“元正”;晋代庾阐《扬都赋》中称作“元辰”;北齐时的一篇《元会大享歌皇夏辞》中呼为元春;唐德宗李适《元日退朝观军仗归营》诗中谓之元朔。历来元旦指的是夏历(农历、阴历)正月初一。在汉语各地方言中有不同叫法,有叫大年初一的,有叫大天初一的,有叫“年初一”的,一般叫“正月初一”。
元旦发展历程
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元旦,也被称为“新年”,是指公历的1月1日。但在古代,“元旦”即是今天的“春节”,也就是农历新年。
元旦是很多国家的法定假日;在中国大陆、台湾、香港和澳门,元旦均为法定假日;中国大陆及台湾均作为法定假日休假三天。习俗方面,“元旦”主要以各种方式互相祝福,贺年卡是其中主要形式。
汉语“元旦”含义:“元”是开始、第一的意思;“旦”即早晨天明的时间,也通常包含一天之意。因此”元旦”就是一年的开始、一年的第一天。民国以前,元旦即现在的春节。
历史上,中国各个朝代对“元旦”说法不一致
夏代为正月初一(夏历1月1日)
商代为十二月初一
(12月1日)
周代为十一月初一
(11月1日)
秦王朝时期为十月初一
(10月1日)
(参见农历、夏历、殷历和周历的分别的记载)
汉朝汉武帝太初元年时,邓平等人创立了“太初历”,定正月初一为元旦,此后一直沿用至辛亥革命,
中华民国成立后,孙中山为了“行夏正,所以顺农时;从公历,所以便统计”,定农历正月初一为春节,而以公历1月1
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日为新年。
1949年9月,中国人民政治协商会议第一届全体会议通过使用“公元纪年法”,将公历1月1日正式定名为“元旦”,自此我国的每年1月1日就成我们家喻户晓的新年“元旦”节日。
元旦诗话
〔宋〕 王安石的《元日》“爆竹声中一岁除,春风送暖入屠苏。千门万户曈曈日,总把新桃换旧符。”
“元旦”一词来源古代,非指公历新年,而是农历正月初一,亦即春节。宋吴自牧《梦梁录》中《正月》开篇话说:“正月朔日,谓之元旦,俗呼为新年。”“元旦”一词最早出现于《晋书》:“颛帝以孟春三月为元,其时正朔元旦之春”,以及南北朝梁人萧子云《介雅》:“四气新元旦,万寿初今朝”等诗文中。元旦古称元日、元正、元长、元朔、元辰、元春、端日、上日等。从古到今,历代诗人都为元旦抒情作诗,留下不少名篇佳作。
古代元旦宫廷有贺岁之礼,规模宏大而隆重。三国时曹植《元会》诗:“初步元祚,古日惟良,乃为嘉会,宴此高堂”,描写了曹魏时元旦贺岁的场面。
唐白居易《七年元日对酒五首》之二:“众老忧添岁,余衰喜入春。年开第七秩,屈指几多人!”表达了已过60岁的诗人不惧衰老、昂首挺胸进入新一年的风貌。
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唐代另一诗人成文斡写有《元旦》诗:“戴星先捧祝尧觞,镜里堪惊两鬓霜。好是灯前偷失笑,屠苏应不得先尝。”“戴星”,即顶着星宿,比喻晚归或早出。
“觞”,即酒杯,可作饮酒解。“屠苏”,是元日专饮的多味药酒,古人认为饮此酒可以防病消灾。饮此酒有个规矩,老少不能同时共饮,而是从年幼者依次而来。因为按古人理解,每逢新年,虽然每人都要增寿,但实际上年少者得了一岁,而年长者却失了一岁,所以大家劝年少者先饮,以示祝贺,而让年长者后饮,以避忌讳。
唐人孟浩然写了一首《回家元日》诗,云:“昨夜斗回北,今朝岁起东。我年已强壮,无禄尚忧农。桑野犹耕父,荷锄随牧童。田家占气候,共说此年丰。”在大唐盛世,“田家占气候”,自有半年乐,而诗人“无禄尚忧农”的情怀,则更是读书人的高尚品格。
古代元旦有贴春联的习俗。南宋诗人陆游的《已酉元旦》诗:“夜雨解残雪,朝阳开积阴,桃符呵笔写,椒酒过花斜。”宋伯仁《岁旦》诗:“居间无贺客,早起只如常,桃板随人换,梅花隔岁香。”诗中的“桃符”、“桃板”即指春联。
当然,在古代歌咏“元日”的诗篇中,最著名的当推北宋改革家王安石的《元日》诗:“爆竹声中一岁除,春风送暖入屠苏。千门万户瞳瞳日,总把新桃换旧符”。为后人传诵不衰。
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明代陈献章的《元旦试笔》有如一幅“乐岁图”。诗人在诗中写道:“邻墙旋打娱宾酒,稚子齐歌乐岁诗。老去又逢新岁月,春来更有好花枝。晚风何处江楼笛,吹到东溟月上时。”清新浓郁的生活气息油然而生。
清代爱国诗人张维屏的《新雷》,虽未用“元旦”、“元日”等词汇,却以元旦为题,写出人们贺岁、迎春的喜悦:“造物无言却有情,每于寒尽觉春生。千红万紫安排著,只待新雷第一声。”一代伟人**,1930年1月写了一首《如梦令?元旦》:“宁化、清流、归化,路隘林深苔滑。今日向何方,直指武夷山下。山上山下,风展红旗如画。”欣赏这首词,犹如走入一幅壮阔的风景画,全词淋漓酣畅,清新自然,充满了乐观、昂扬的革命乐观主义精神。
1942年**在重庆写了一首七律《元旦口占用柳亚子怀人韵》:“共庆新年笑语哗,红岩士女赠梅花。举杯互敬屠苏酒,散席分尝胜利茶。只有精忠能报国,更无乐土可为家。陪都歌舞迎佳节,遥祝延安景物华。”欣赏这首脍炙人口的佳作,觉得字里行间浸透着诗人对革命事业的一片赤诚。其时抗战维艰,惟有精忠报国,方可期来日乐土安家。诗中所说的“胜利茶”,是当时重庆商店里出售的纸包茶,意在预祝抗日胜利。以新鲜事物为掌故入诗,可见董老对旧体诗的革新意识。
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